Tang Dynasty: Du Mu
A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing.
If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.
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At the beginning of the poem, an ancient style is used to lament the people, things and things of the previous dynasty.
"If you don't sell iron, you will recognize it if you wash it." These two sentences mean that the broken Zhan Ji sank in the sand and was not eroded. After grinding, he recognized it as a relic of the previous dynasty. Here, these two descriptions seem dull, but they are uneven. The broken halberd is buried in the sand, pointing out the historical situation here. The broken sand in Zhan Ji has not been eroded, suggesting that time has passed and things have changed. It was because of the discovery of this rusty "broken halberd" buried at the bottom of the river for more than 600 years that the poet had a lot of thoughts, so he had to grind it out and identify it, and found that it was a weapon left over by Battle of Red Cliffs. In this way, the remains of the former dynasty further aroused the author's imagination and laid a good foundation for the later expression.
"Dongfeng is not with Zhou Lang, and Tongque Chunsuo Er Qiao." These last two familiar words mean that if Dongfeng hadn't helped Zhou Yu, Tongquetai would have locked Er Qiao in Dongwu. This involves Battle of Red Cliffs's calendar. The poet is quite clear about this, because Du Mu himself has the ability to help the world through the country, is familiar with politics and military affairs, and is very familiar with history and current affairs. As we all know, both Battle of Red Cliffs and Wu Sheng were defeated by Cao Cao, but here the author made a bold assumption of reverse thinking and put forward a hypothesis that is contrary to historical facts. What would have happened if Dongfeng hadn't helped Zhou Yu? The poet did not speak frankly about the end of the war. But "Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring". Tongquetai is a luxurious and carefree place for Cao Cao, where concubines and singers are stored. The bronze sparrow terrace here reminds people of Cao Cao's romantic side. It is said that "deep spring" has deepened this romantic charm. Finally, the word "lock" is used to further highlight his meaning of golden house. It is really admirable to write so many stories about the victory and defeat of the war filled with smoke.
The second chapter is a simple Tang poem suitable for children to recite: Wuyi Lane.
Tang Dynasty: Liu Yuxi
There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane.
Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
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Wuyi Xiang is a famous poem written by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, which is obscure but obscure. It is one of the five wonders of Jinling. The poet has never been to Jinling and has been longing for this ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. It happened that a friend showed him five poems describing Jinling's historic sites, and he took the opportunity to write five poems. Wuyi Lane used to be the most prosperous place where nobles lived in the Six Dynasties. Now the famous Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and there are no cars and horses in and out of Wuyi Lane. Only the setting sun slanted on the deep wall of the past.
The first sentence is "Wild grass flowers beside Suzaku Bridge", which spans the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and is the only way from downtown to Wuyi Lane. The bridge and Wuyi Lane on the south bank of the river are not only geographically adjacent, but also historically related. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Township was a inhabited area of Tujia people in Gaomen, where Wang Dao, the founding father, and Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Feishui, lived. The heavy building decorated with two bronze finches on the ancient bridge was built by Xie An. Literally, Suzaku Bridge is even opposite Wuyi Lane. Using Suzaku Bridge to sketch the environment of Wuyi Lane not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates the aesthetic feeling of antithesis and evokes relevant historical associations. It is the choice of "killing three birds with one stone". What is striking in the sentence is the wild flowers overgrown with weeds by the bridge. The grass grows and flowers bloom, indicating that spring has arrived. Putting the word "wild" in front of "grass flowers" adds a lonely atmosphere to the scenery. In addition, these weeds and wild flowers grow beside the busy Suzaku Bridge, which reminds us that they may contain profound meanings.
I remember that the author once used "weeds" as a symbol of decline in the poem "Thousands of Families Become Weeds" ("Taicheng"). Now, in this poem, "weeds and flowers" are highlighted in this way, which shows that the once prosperous Suzaku Bridge has become desolate and desolate today!
The second sentence, "Sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane", shows that Wuyi Lane is not only set in the background of the dilapidated and desolate ancient bridge, but also presented in the afterglow of the sunset. The word "oblique" in the sentence corresponds to the word "flower" in the previous sentence. As a verb, it is the dynamic of writing the scene. "Sunset", the sunset in the west, and then click the word "oblique" to highlight the bleak scene of the sunset. Wuyi Lane, which was originally in its heyday, should have returned home with clothes on. Now, with a touch of oblique light, the author completely enveloped Wuyi Lane in a lonely and desolate atmosphere.
After comparing the environment and rendering the atmosphere, it seems that it is time to describe the changes in Wuyi Lane in a positive way and express the author's feelings. However, the author did not use too shallow writing methods, such as "Who lives in Wuyi Lane, looking back makes people remember" (Sun's "Wu Yi Lane Fu"), "Nowhere to find a house, falling flowers and singing birds in Liling Spring" (anonymous) and so on; Instead, with the help of the description of the scenery, he continued to write a well-known sentence: "The old Wang Xietang died and flew into the homes of ordinary people." Unexpectedly, he suddenly turned his brush strokes to the swallows nesting over Wuyi Lane, which made people recognize where the swallows were flying. Now, ordinary people live in Wuyi Lane.
In order to make readers clearly understand the poet's intention, the author points out that these swallows flying into the homes of ordinary people to nest are old swallows who once lived on the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie 'an Gaotang. The word "old times" gives the swallow the identity of a historical witness. The word "ordinary" emphasizes how different people today are from the past. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change. The design of Yan Fei's image seems easy, but it actually reflects the author's artistic originality and rich imagination. Jin Fuxian's Preface to Yan Fu said: "According to legend, Yan's nest is here this year and will be returned next year. It will die, just cut its claws. The consequences are far-reaching. " Of course, in life, even a swallow with a very long life can't be an old swallow "in front of Wang Xietang" 400 years ago. However, the author captures the characteristics of swallows as migratory birds living in the old nest, which is enough to arouse readers' imagination, suggesting the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past and playing a prominent role in comparing the past with the present. Wuyi Lane focuses on the present situation of Wuyi Lane in artistic expression. Just a subtle hint of its past. The poet's feelings are hidden and hidden, which are contained in the description of the scenery. Therefore, although its scenery is ordinary and its language is simple, it has an implicit beauty that makes people memorable.
The poet's deep affection for the rise and fall of this poem. Suzaku Bridge and Wuyi Lane are still the same, just overgrown with weeds and the setting sun is slanting. The desolate scene implies the poet's sensitive experience of prosperity and decline. The last two sentences use the swallow nest to express the author's lament over the vicissitudes of the world, ups and downs, and the pen is particularly tortuous. This poem is the second in Liu Yuxi's epic Five Topics of Jinling.
A simple Tang poem suitable for children to recite: Bo Qinhuai
Tang Dynasty: Du Mu
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
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This poem was written by the poet when he stayed at Qinhuai overnight. The first half writes the night view of Qinhuai, and the second half expresses feelings. Taking advantage of the history of Chen's pursuit of debauchery and pleasure and his ultimate death, this paper satirizes the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty who were drunk and dreamt of death without learning lessons, showing the author's incomparable concern and deep anxiety about the fate of the country.
The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first, and then look at the inscription in the corner. Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
"Strong women in business do not know the hate of national subjugation, but still sing backyard flowers across the river." At night in Qinhuai, the poet heard the voice of national subjugation "yushu backyard flower" coming from the other side of the river. On the surface, the poet seems to be reprimanding the ignorance of "business women", but the poet's goal is the power of those who are worried about world security but lead a drunken life. In the late Tang Dynasty, two and a half centuries after the collapse of the Chen Dynasty, some people drugged themselves with the sound of national subjugation, which made people feel that historical tragedies would repeat themselves. "I don't know" is actually an excuse for "business women". The singer has no intention, but the listener has intention. The word "still singing" traces back to history, which shows that the prodigal son who is immersed in burmese debauchery has existed since ancient times; According to the reality, it reveals that today's dignitaries, like Chen Houzhu, will also perish; It is unthinkable that you will make the same mistake if you don't change your tune. Expressed the poet's warning
This poem is ingenious in conception, blending scenes, appropriate in allusions, implicit in meaning and concise in language. Shen Deqian, a poetry critic, praised this poem as a "swan song", and it really deserved its reputation.
The fourth chapter is a simple Tang poem suitable for children to recite: book fragrance.
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
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This seven-melody book expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's wisdom and virtue and his unfinished mood. The whole collection of poems combines emotion, scenery and discussion, which not only comments on history, but also contains reality. It is a swan song in the poems praising Zhuge Liang in past dynasties.
The Prime Minister's Temple, now called Wuhou Temple, is located in the southern suburbs of Chengdu. Chengdu was the capital of the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang presided over the state affairs here for more than 20 years, with remarkable achievements. When Li Xiong was king in Chengdu in Jin Dynasty, he built an ancestral temple for him. Later, Huan Wen Pingshu and Chengdu suffered great damage, only Wuhou Temple was intact. "Jinguan City" is another name of ancient Chengdu. Shu brocade is produced in Chengdu. In ancient times, there were special officials in charge. They live in a small city in Chengdu (the old big city and small city in Chengdu), so Chengdu is also called Jinguancheng, Jincheng or Jinli. Another way of saying it is because Chengdu is close to Jinjiang, where the mountains and rivers are as beautiful as embroidery, hence the name. "Dense" means that cypress trees grow tall and dense. According to The Scholars and Taiping Universe, there is a cypress tree in front of Wuhou Temple, which is said to have been planted by Zhuge Liang himself.
These are a few sentences. The first sentence "Where is the Hall of Fame" is asking yourself. Using the word "prime minister" instead of "scholarly" makes people feel very cordial. In particular, the word "Qiu" in it shows that this trip is a purposeful visit, not a casual stroll; Because Du Fu first arrived in Chengdu and was unfamiliar with the geographical environment, he wrote such a word "Qiu". This word for seeking is rich in meaning, which strongly shows Du Fu's strong admiration and nostalgia for Zhuge Liang, and also shows that the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister is a place that poets have long yearned for and wanted to visit. The last sentence is "in a deep pine forest near the Silk City". This is what the poet expected. It is about the location of the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, pointing out the location of the ancestral temple to echo the previous sentence. The word "Bai Sensen" also renders a quiet and solemn atmosphere. These two poems, which are directly titled as "scholarly", are very prominent and use narrative and descriptive pen and ink.
The second pair of couplets, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves", is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, which makes the spring scenery of Wuhou Temple infinitely beautiful. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenating the motherland is very slim. Thought of here, the poet inevitably has a sad feeling, so it is said that the intertextuality of "spring scenery" and "empty but good sound", "self" and "emptiness" describes a quiet and motionless environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, traded in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, which reflected the patriotic spirit of the poet concerned about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is more brilliant.
"Three visits" refers to Liu Bei's three visits when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang. Zhuge Liang's "Model" said: "The first emperor was not mean to his ministers, he wronged himself and cared for his ministers in the grass." "repeatedly annoyed", repeatedly annoyed. On the other hand, see Wang Shihan's poetics compilation in Qing Dynasty. Wang Shihan thought that "constant annoyance" was a common saying in the Tang Dynasty, and its meaning was similar to that of "solemnity". "World Plan" refers to the strategy of unifying the world. Specifically, this refers to Zhuge Liang's strategy of taking Jingzhou and Yizhou as bases, rectifying internal affairs, uniting Sun Quan in the east and rejecting Cao Cao in the north, and then unifying the world. "Two Dynasties" refers to two generations of former Shu ruler Liu Bei and later Shu ruler Liu Chan. "Open economy" and "opening to the outside world" refer to helping Liu Bei start a foundation; "Aid" refers to helping Liu Chan cope with difficulties and dangers. "Economy" means completion, which can also be interpreted as persistence and success. "The heart of an old minister" refers to Zhuge Liang's spirit of being loyal to Shu Han, doing his best and dying.
These two sentences are particularly heavy and rich in meaning, which not only vividly expresses Zhuge Wuhou's great talent, the hardships of serving the country and his lifelong achievements, but also vividly shows his unswerving spirit and character. At the same time, he solemnly revealed the reasons why the poet admired Zhuge Wuhou. Because this couplet is the focus and core of the whole poem, the poet secretly carried the axe pound from the beginning, constantly creating momentum and circling all the way, which made the focus stand out and used powerful pen and ink. This is also in line with the writing principle of "one strong and one weak" in rhyme. This couplet is also an example of Du Fu's comments on poetry. Originally, lyricism is a prominent feature of poetry, which is generally not discussed. However, in this respect, Du Fu broke the routine and often put arguments into his poems, which not only made his poems unique, but also embodied a skill of Du Fu's poems.
"Die unconquered, heroes shed tears" and "arise" refer to the fact that Zhuge Liang went to Qishan six times to crusade against Wei. In the twelfth year of Jian Xing (234), the ruler of the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, he took command of the army, then went out of Xiegu, occupied Wuzhangyuan, and stayed at loggerheads with Sima Yi across the Weihe River for more than a hundred days. In August, he died in the army. "Hero" here generally refers to people with lofty ideals who cherish the memory of Zhuge Liang, including the poet himself. These two sentences are followed by five or six sentences, which shows the poet's lofty admiration for Zhuge Liang's dedication and his regret for his unfinished business.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which reflects the reality from the description of the scenery and reveals the poet's concern for the country and the people; The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven laws discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and shows readers an immortal Zhuge Liang. When patriots and ordinary readers of later generations recited this poem, they felt reverence for Zhuge Liang. Especially when I read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", I couldn't help crying.
In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative.
By visiting historical sites, this poem expresses the praise of Zhuge Liang's outstanding talent and loyalty to the country, and regrets that he died before he made a good start.
Chapter five is a simple Tang poem suitable for children to recite: Wang Yue.
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket. (Zeng Tong: Floor)
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
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By depicting the majestic scene of Mount Tai, this poem enthusiastically praises the majestic momentum and magical and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, reveals the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and expresses the poet's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top and overlooking everything, as well as his great ambition of being independent and helping the people. One or two sentences about Mount Tai are endless; Write three or four sentences about the grandeur of Mount Tai; Write five or six sentences carefully, and when you look from afar, you will see the peaks and clouds, as if birds are returning to the valley. Imagine what you will see when you climb the mountain in the future, and express your ambition at the same time.
The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How's the husband" means "What is it?" The word "fu" is usually used as a modal particle at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese. It is a new creation and uniqueness to integrate it into the poems here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked." It can be described as ingenious.
Next, "lush, across the Qi and Lu highlands." Instead of simply describing the height of Mount Tai from the perspective of altitude, I wrote my own experience in a unique way-you can still see Mount Tai from a distance outside the two ancient countries of Qilu, and set off the height of Mount Tai with distance. The south of Mount Tai is land, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi, so the geographical features described in this sentence cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" specially put forward this poem, thinking that no one can succeed.
"The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance. What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It's a close-up of Mount Tai. A word "bell" brings everything in the world to life, and the whole nature is so affectionate that it endows Mount Tai with magic and beauty. The sun in front of the mountain is "Yang" and the sun behind the mountain is "Yin" (the water in the south of the mountain is "Yang" and the water in the north of the mountain is "Yin"). Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk of the day is cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" This is a normal natural phenomenon, but the poet created flowers with clever pens and wrote a dominant force of the tall Mount Tai with a word "cut", which is nothing else. Mount Tai, with its height, blocks the sunshine in the south and north of the mountain, forming different landscapes and highlighting the image of Mount Tai blocking the sun. Here, the poet used a pen to make the still Mount Tai suddenly full of vigorous power, and the creative style of "words are not amazing and endless" is also revealed here.
"Ceng Yun, birds are flying back and forth in front of my nervous eyes." Two sentences were written. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling. The word "Jueshu" is particularly vivid, which vividly embodies the poet's fascination with this magical and ethereal landscape. In order to see enough, he looked around with his eyes wide open, so he felt as if his eyes were going to break. This scene makes the charming scenery of Mount Tai more vivid. "Returning bird" refers to the bird that has returned to the nest in the forest, indicating that it is dusk and the author has not left. It contains the poet's love and praise for the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
In the last sentence, "once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." The poet is not satisfied with seeing Yue, but climbs to the top of the mountain to capture the magnificent scenery. This couplet is a masterpiece, which once again highlights the grandeur of Mount Tai, writes a majestic posture and momentum that is superior to everything, and also shows the poet's mind. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". If "will" is interpreted as "should", it is not accurate and melodramatic. The contrast between the small mountain and the high mountain of Mount Tai shows the poet's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to reach the top and overlooking everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is the reason why these two poems have been read by people. It is precisely because the towering greatness of Mount Tai is not only natural, but also humanistic, so the desire to climb it in the end has dual significance.
The whole poem is dominated by the word "Wang" in the title of the poem, and every sentence is written about Wang Yue, but there is no word "Wang" in the whole poem, which can give people an immersive feeling. It can be seen that the poet's layout and artistic conception are exquisite. Although this poem has far-reaching sustenance, it is only a visit to famous mountains, and there is no trace of deliberate comparison. If you are ambitious, your body will be strong, and it will be difficult to achieve anything in the future.