Explain some important differences and characteristics of their poems.
So, what is the fundamental difference between Du Li's creation?
Mr. Pei Fei said in the book "Ten Comments on Li Bai": "The most fundamental difference in Du Li's creation is simply put.
It lies in the different attitudes towards subjective and objective. In Wang Guowei's words, Li Bai is a' subjective poet', and so is Du Fu.
As an' objective poet', Du Fu is good at objective description. His representative works are narrative poems, and there are also guests in lyric poems.
View colors; Li Bai is good at self-expression, most of which are lyric poems, and narrative poems are also lyrical.
The social content of Du Fu's poems is directly presented through real and vivid pictures of social life. So simple.
As we all know, the image of Li Bai's poems is mainly the poet himself, not the objective social life, so his society
The content of the meeting is not easy to be known. "
I quite agree with these views, but I need to elaborate further. What is a "subjective poet"? plum
What is the attitude towards subjectivity and objectivity in song creation?
Let me quote some comments on ancient poetics first.
"Late Tang Poetry Talk" praised seven ancient poems of Li Bai: "It's always raining and flying, and the fish and dragons change; Another example is that there is no river.
The wind, breaking waves, surging, white clouds passing through the air and disappearing with the wind can be described as strange and wonderful! "
Li's preface to the collection of thatched cottage says that Li Bai: "Only the public chapter is covered by Liuhe. It can be said that the enemy is good! "
Pi Rixiu's "Inscription by Liu Zaoqiang" said: "Speaking from heaven and earth, thinking about ghosts and gods. Reading it is fascinating,
Measure and you will have four hearts. Open and aboveboard, truly ignorant people, and Li Taibai. "
Wu Qiao's poem around the furnace: "Taibai heart is higher than Liuhe, and the poem is mainly interesting and does not promote nature."
So is the poet's work. "
Yuan Zhen's "Nine Books with Yuan": "Li's works are strange, and people can't catch them. Elegant and elegant, there is nothing in it!
Du Fu's poems are the most, and thousands can be handed down. "
Zhao Yi commented on Li Bai in "Ou Bei Shi Hua": "It has its own unconstrained style and cannot be restrained." He said, "Only.
Heroic, full of luck, self-disdained to be bound by double rhythm and compete with sculptors. "
China's ancient poetry pays attention to intuition, and the above statement grasps the characteristics of Li's poetry as a whole.
After careful tasting, I think they are still speaking from the subjective and objective relationship. Subjectively, emphasize Li.
Subjective characteristics of poems such as "spirit", "qi" and "strangeness"; From the objective aspect, it emphasizes the "taste for both refined and popular" in Du Fu's poems.
(social content). From the perspective of subjective and objective relations, it emphasizes Shili's subjective control over objective power and strength to
Achieving the unity of subject and object constitutes a superb realm that I don't care about.
1. Subjective Poet and Objective Poet-The Basic Differences in Du Li's Creation
As a "subjective poet", the primary feature of Li Bai's poetry creation is his subjective principle. many
Researchers like to use "strong emotion" and "strong subjective color" to illustrate the subjective characteristics of Li's poems. I accept
Because that's not enough. Du Fu also has many poems with strong feelings and vivid images of lyric protagonists.
Mr. Xiao Difei said: "Of course, he has moments of great sorrow and anger, but it is not without moments of great joy. for
In order to express these feelings better and more fully, at this time, he usually adopts the poetic style of seven ancient times. take for example
Seven lyrics by Ai Jiangtou, Ai Sunwang, Ai Qingban and Tonggu County,
The hut was broken by the autumn wind, etc. , some write the pain of national subjugation, some write the pain of life experience, are' Long song can be.
When crying' "(Du Fu Studies, revised edition, p. 12). The subjective principles of Li Bai's creation are as follows:
He always takes "self" as the center, emphasizes and promotes the role of the subject, and even achieves the purpose of describing the object.
The degree of control and conquest. Let's take his Shu Dao Nan as an example. To understand this poem, we should firmly grasp it.
The main body of the poet's image only understands this poem as describing the scenery of mountains and rivers, or as the moral of the poem.
Too much speculation in the world will affect the grasp of the spirit of this poem. We can see that the poet repeatedly lamented "the difficulty of Shu Dao,
It is difficult to go to the sky, and its intention is to imply the existence of the poet image everywhere. A series of movements in this poem
Words such as "I", "Meng", "Fu", "Sit", "Ask", "Look" and "Listen" all mean poetry.
People are among them (though in imagination). Faced with steep peaks and cliffs, the poet sometimes marvels and sometimes admires.
Not afraid. He embraced this natural landscape wholeheartedly, and the more he admired the wonders of mountains and rivers, the more he admired it.
It shows the height of the poet's image and the poet's verve and will. The poet compares strange mountains with deep mountains, rapids,
Throughout the ages, myths and legends have been uniformly and arbitrarily expelled. Natural scenery is no longer the object of description,
But the embodiment and reappearance of the poet's will and emotion, and the object (description object) has been melted by the subject (poet)
Myself. It is in this process that the subject conquers the object, the poet's spirit is sublimated and the reader's mood is improved.
Also excited, get a high aesthetic enjoyment.
The overall characteristics of Li Bai's poems determine some important characteristics of the poet's lyric and description. He can't describe
The object is regarded as a whole, but it is broken, chewed and colluded with emotional clues.
Come; His lyrical way is free and easy, free from the cage of poetry structure. Some research
Li Bai's poems are characterized by "jumping" structure, which is still a superficial view. I
Let's look at Fu Liangyin again and write about Li Bai's frustration and expectation of his ideal. If "Shu Dao Nan"
There is also a strange mountain and river as the object of lyric reproduction, so this song Fu Liangyin is not complete.
Objective things as a dependent body. It uses allusions throughout, falling from the sky and galloping through the ages.
The development of thoughts and feelings is sometimes absurd and unfathomable; Sometimes the weather is sunny and the spring is full; Sometimes it's dangerous
Like a ring, turbid waves roll. All this is within the scope of the poet. Shen Deqian said: "The second half began.
Miscellaneous things, but no trace of them. "Shen Deqian said from the structural form of poetry, in fact, this" trace "still exists.
Yes, this is the "trace" of the poet's ideological and emotional development.
This feature of Li Bai's poems is quite different from that of Du Fu. This paper discusses the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity in Du Fu's poems,
We find that the poet's description of the whole object is profound and meticulous; lyrics
The way is to infiltrate personal feelings into the object of description, which is the so-called "subjective and objective". Zhao yizai
In "Ou Bei Shi Hua", he said: "He is thoughtful, others only speak seven or eight points, and Shao Ling can speak very much, even more."
By twelve o'clock. "Try to be" Tao ". This poem was written in the spring of the twelfth year of Tianbao, satirizing the arrogance of Yang's brothers and sisters.
The lewd life reflects the fatuity of the king and the corruption of the court. This poem is meticulous and serious.
Seriously speaking, the narrative is orderly, and even the beauty's posture, clothing dishes and other details are vividly described.
Look, it obviously embodies the characteristics of objectivity. It is in this serious description that the poet realizes irony.
Purpose. As Pu Qilong said: "Without irony, the language in the description is irony; No sigh, and very funny.
The voice is sighing. "Let's take a look at his" The Hut Was Blown by the Autumn Wind ". This poem and Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan
There is a common feature, that is, the image of a poet has appeared. But this poem of Du Fu, despite its strong feelings,
The images of heroes and lyric protagonists are also very vivid, but the descriptions are still vivid. He wrote in a hut that was blown down by the wind.
Then write the hut "Sprinkle on the River", "Hanging on the Top of the Forest" and "Shentang 'ao"; From a child stealing grass to becoming a poet.
What is the situation; From the arrival of the night to the embarrassment of the family in the rainy night, it was extended and finally made.
Showing the feeling of "avoiding the cold". The context of the poem is very clear, and the object of description is also very complete. poet
Li Bai's lyricism is reflected through the portrayal of real life pictures, which is different from Li Bai's atmosphere and coughs and spits naturally.
Self-centered subjective characteristics are different.
Second, conquering reality and paying attention to reality-the difference of Du Li's creative spirit
Mr. Cheng Qianfan said: "He (referring to Li Bai) loves all the beautiful things in real life; For one of them,
Unsatisfactory phenomena are laughed at unscrupulously. This is trapped by reality, but unwilling to accept it.
On the other hand, the attitude of wanting to conquer reality is a powerful force for future generations to resist the dark forces and vulgar customs.
The spiritual strength of. This may be the uniqueness of Li Bai, and it is also Du Fu's attitude of always being serious and compassionate.
The realistic spirit of seeing, caring and reflecting the destiny of the motherland and the people is opposite and complementary. "("Tang
Preface to the Dictionary of Poetry Appreciation)
Mr. Cheng pointed out the main differences of innovative spirit. Du Fu faced life directly and worried about the country and people. plum
Dissatisfied with reality, although it has been "closed" by reality, he is unwilling to accept it, and in turn wants to conquer it. So,
How did Li Bai conquer reality? It is practical for the poet to directly resist the real social system, and he can only
With the attitude of conquering reality spiritually, crossing dreams, dreamland, wandering landscapes and even leading a drunken life is beyond the dust.
Transcendentality and the pursuit of spiritual liberation are the important reasons why there are so many themes in Li Bai's poems. He claimed to be:
"Always talk about wine and scenery, courage and fame." (To Nanping Taishou) He loved mountains all his life.
Water often comes to dreamland: "I am poor in Taoism, but I often visit Xianshan in my dreams." ("Next"
The way back to Shimen's former residence ")" I remember Gao Ming's dream yesterday. I made a clear pool on the moon. "When sleeping, the pillow is not the blue mountain, it is sideways.
Look west and block Qin Guan. "("Gao Songsong sent Cen Weijun ") is the most representative of his" Sleepwalking in Tianmu ".
Farewell, this poem describes dreams and fairyland in detail (Li Bai's description of real life is not so good.
Be careful). Poetry first writes the momentum of Tianmu Mountain, paving the way for the emergence of various magnificent and steep realms, in dreams and
In fairyland, poets are free. Look at him drifting across Jinghu Lake and coming to Shu 'a in the moonlight and moonlight.
Creek, put on the clogs of Xie Tiao, a poet you admire, and climb the green ladder in the gurgling sound of water and the cry of apes (in
In Li Bai's poems, the cries of apes are often associated with the poet's happy mood: "The cries of apes on both sides of the strait can't stop, and the canoe has passed."
Chung Shan Man "can prove). When the poet climbed halfway up the mountain, a sea and the sun appeared in front of him. What he heard was
As soon as the pheasant crows, it comes to the mountain, on the deep mountain road. In front of me is a gorgeous mountain flower. Should poets pick it up?
Have a rest and lean on the stone for a while. Suddenly, all kinds of foreign bodies appeared one after another, breaking the tranquility of fairyland, and the whole
The celestial world is very lively, tigers, bears and dragons are all up, and they are greeted by a cave where "sinkholes vent".
The "King of Clouds" puts on a rainbow, drives the long wind into a horse, the tiger drums, bears a sedan chair, and the immortal moves forward.
In the reflection of the sun and the moon, the golden platform and the silver platform are dazzling. I'm in high spirits, reciting poems.
People suddenly wake up, and the dreamland disappears completely, only feeling the existence of the cold pillow. He couldn't help but sigh: "This world!"
So are pleasure and pleasure. Everything has flowed since ancient times. "There is no fairyland in the dream, only", but let me, on my green slope, raise a white deer.
When I need you, I ride to you, great mountain ",to find a comfortable life in the scenery. However, you can get rid of the present in the scenery.
A real "cage"? The answer is naturally no, and the poet has to face the harsh reality, so he issued "An".
I can bow down and serve the powerful, and they will never suffer the angry sigh of an honest face.
Some researchers believe that the subjective intention of this poem is to preach "ten thousand waters flow eastward in Qian Shan".
Negative thoughts. In fact, Li Bai's original intention should be that a free life is life.
The greatest pleasure is that everything else (including fame and fortune) is nothing. But like that,
Died in the running water of the east without mercy. The more the poet describes the dreamland, the more realistic it is.
Life is not pleasant. When this fairyland and dream quickly fall back, the huge gap has produced a powerful essence.
God's energy strongly infects and stimulates readers' thoughts and emotions, making readers in the contrast between ideal and reality.
Seriously thinking about the profound social problems contained in it is the source of strength of Li Bai's poems and also Li.
The uniqueness of white. This is different from the way that Du Fu's poems directly present social reality and profoundly reveal social problems.
All roads lead to the same goal.
Du Fu's creation always focuses on social reality. He cares about state affairs and sympathizes with the people, whether it is Syria.
Most of them care about the country when they are hurt, which is caused by events, so they are rich in social politics.
The content is full of the flavor of the times. Through a poem by Du Fu, we can clearly see that the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.
Historical trajectory, various forms of expression, historical reasons, as Pu Qilong said: "Poetry of Shaoling, a person's temperament,
And the three dynasties (Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong) were also responsible. "("Reading ") Du Fu's poems are epic.
A good name is no accident.
Du Fu's spirit of paying attention to reality is based on a typical summary of social reality and in-depth and meticulous carving.
What painting has accomplished is contrary to Li Bai's attitude of transcending and conquering reality in turn. Xuer
Buddhist nun said, "I got Li Taibai from the genius and Du Zimei from the earth." ("Tang Poetry") said this.
Difference. Let's try to read his Car Shop, which is a poem describing the disaster and pain brought to the people by the border war. Shiyi
At the beginning, I outlined the tragic scene of the noise of horses and chariots, pedestrians in a hurry and relatives saying goodbye, and then passed by on the right.
Between the lines, it reveals the great disaster brought by the battle to the people, as well as the deep sorrow and pain of family destruction and death. The poet's feelings are strong.
Yes, the concern for people's life is profound, but personal lyricism is not indulgence, but through scenes.
The description is revealed. The poet's tragedy and compassion are highly concentrated in the typical image he created, and
I have never left this image, and the poet's emotions constantly echo and collide in the image. I think this is a form.
An important reason for the gloomy and frustrated style of Chengdu poetry. Li Bai's creation shows the characteristics of subjectivity, and the poet gallops in nature.
The atmosphere is overwhelming, the waves are rough, and the feelings are generate, showing an unruly momentum. In this subjective feature,
In the process of serving the object, the poet also reached the free state of the unity of subject and object, regardless of things and me. At this time, the essence of the poet
When God is liberated, it presents a superb realm of "carefree, cicada takes off dust". Can this be said to be a form?
What is the basic reason for Li Bai's bold and elegant poetry style?
Thirdly, the realization of life freedom and ideal politics-the difference of Du Li's ideal pursuit in her creation.
Both Li Bai and Du Fu have lofty political ambitions, and both show their persistent pursuit of ideal politics. Li Baiyi
It is necessary to "apply Yan Guan's talk, seek the skills of the emperor, and strive for his intelligence. He is willing to help him to make the Atlas area stable and Haixian County clear.
One. "("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's notes ") Du Fu also said more than once:" Yao Shun,
Then make the customs pure. "("Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng and Zhang Xiang ")" To you, Yao Shun, Fu Gong, etc. According to the early road.
Think about dying. "(In late autumn, Pei Daozhou's calligraphy was abolished and sent to Su Xun to serve the royal family)" Death is the end of the stars.
How can you refuse to rot if you live forever? "("alas ") but we can see that the way to realize ideal politics.
Li Bai and Du Fu show considerable differences in their pursuit of ideal realm. Li Bai thinks highly of himself. He often
Taking Dapeng as a metaphor, "Dapeng rises with the wind one day and shakes Wan Li." (Li Shangyong) He disdains to leave.
The way for ordinary scholars to become officials in imperial examinations is to become prime ministers by leaps and bounds, and then succeed after realizing their political ideals.
I can't help it. "When I report to the Lord, lie with me in the white clouds." ("Give Yangshan people after driving to the Hot Spring Palace")
Some researchers believe that this ideological phenomenon is caused by the contradiction between "joining the WTO" and "being born".
Reflection. In fact, Li Bai has a higher life pursuit above his political ideal-that is, self-esteem.
Through the pursuit of ideals. Both "entry into WTO" and "birth" are regarded as self-realization and self-realization by Li Bai.
By the way, "joining the WTO"-affirming self-worth and showing one's political talents; "Born"-pendulum
Get rid of the bondage of "self" and realize the ideal of free life. "WTO entry" and "birth" are unified in
Under the great goal of pursuing freedom, self-realization and pursuing freedom are consistent in him, which is Li Bai's.
Unique.
This uniqueness of Li Bai still disdains his admiration for some historical figures. Often appears in Li Bai's poems.
Politicians and military strategists such as Lu Zhonglian, Xie An and Zhuge Liang appeared, and these figures not only showed outstanding performance.
Their political and military talents, and more importantly, they all show a high degree of conceit to their own talents and never give in to others.
Li Bai is particularly eager to bow to his own favor and show the noble quality of greed for fame and profit.
Yes
Li Bai and Du Fu have completely different attitudes towards political failure. Du Fu's road to being an official is very difficult.
He failed in the imperial examination three times, and turned his attention to the emperor, who won the emperor by offering three gifts.
Appreciate, just get a small official, but never get the opportunity to show political talent. After Du Fu failed in politics,
More persistent pursuit of ideal politics, more attention to social reality, deeper and sharper eyes and more depressed feelings.
Sad, wrote many poems that reflect reality and care about people's sufferings. Difficulties turned him into jade and made him successful.
As a great realistic poet. After Li Bai's political failure, he turned to the pursuit of free life in order to obtain
Spiritual liberation. In this spiritual journey, poets constantly sublimate their feelings, purify their souls and strengthen themselves.
The beauty of nature and fairyland are in sharp contrast with the unreasonable social reality, and they have gained the spirit of reality.
Conquer. Although the social content reflected in his poems is not as profound as Du Fu's, Li Bai's poems give people the essence.
The influence of God is beyond the times, profound and far-reaching. Some researchers have not noticed this feature of Li Bai's poems,
However, by improving the social content of Li's poems, Li Bai and Du Fu are neck and neck. This research method is fundamental.
The body is not beyond Yang Du's barrier to restrain Li. It is from this aspect that the theorists of "Yang Du restraining Li" demonstrate. Trade Union)? Thermal Unit)? Transmission Unit)? Training Unit.
"Wei Zhen Wen Ji" said: "Or Du Wan is quiet and honest, Li Wan is quiet and empty, and the right is solid and the left is empty, so Du Li is said to be good or bad."
Between reality and reality. Zhao Cigong's Collection of Du Fu's Cottage even said:' Poetry is white among romantic vegetation, and immortals are empty.
Say nothing, how can you make up for your education? On the other hand, Wang Qi has a good eye: "One is worried about the country, and the other is comfortable.
Those who have different reasons; Why not compare the effects with each other, but think about the advantages and disadvantages? "(Postscript to Selected Works of Li Taibai).
Then, where is the ideological basis of Li Bai's pursuit of freedom ideal?
We know that Li Bai is a poet deeply influenced by Zhuangzi's thought. Gong Zizhen said, "Twelve Zhuang Sao,
Can't be integrated, take this as the heart and start from confession. Qu Yuan has great political ambitions.
Use the world passively and actively; Zhuangzi advocates natural inaction and pursues a free state of mind beyond reality. These two are a couple.
Contradictions, but Li Bai is well unified in one. Zhuangzi emphasized the Taoist view of things: "From the Taoist point of view, things are not noble;
Seeing things is expensive and cheap. According to this, Zhuangzi believes that in the realm of unity with Tao, people from all ages have died early.
Nothing can be done. He believes that such a free state can only be achieved through "forgetting". This freedom is irresponsible.
What is the restriction, that is, what he called "treating evil".
Li Bai's thought of freedom can be traced back to Zhuangzi's thought. Try to read his "Sunrise and Moonrise";
The sunrise in the east seems to come from the ground.
After a long day, I entered the West Sea again. Where does Six Dragons live?
Its beginning and end are endless, and people can linger with it for a long time if they are not angry?
The grass does not thank it for its glory in the spring breeze, and the trees do not complain about the fallen leaves in autumn.
Who wields the spurs and drives the four great wealth? Everything has its ups and downs, which is natural.
Xi him! Xi him! Are you lost in the wild waves?
What is the virtue of Luyang, fighting at the scene?
Contrary to Tao and heaven, there are many overcorrections.
I will include a large piece. I am a nobleman and have the same theme.
Some researchers believe that this poem expresses Li Bai's materialism and Li Bai's respect for objectivity.
General view. I think this poem shows Li Bai's philosophical thinking about the infinity of the universe and the limitation of life.
Most modern western philosophers believe that freedom is an attitude, an emotion and an attitude towards the inevitable real world.
The realm is to have a broad and liberal mind and a mind about the reality of life, which Heidegger even recognized.
Because this kind of mind can only be achieved in the understanding of death. It can be said that Li Bai is a poet who reached this realm:
"I will include big chunks, I will be noble and have the same theme." In this state, the individual and the universe, man and heaven are one.
On the one hand, being the embodiment of the universe, people are not limited by any external things, which is also rooted in this experience.
There is nothing external in this book.