Teaching material analysis.
This unit is arranged around the theme of patriotism. There are 5 texts in this unit, and different articles and genres from ancient to modern, at home and abroad are selected to explain the theme of patriotism. Spring Hope shows the strong patriotic feelings of the great poets in ancient China through China's ancient poems. Spring Hope was written after An Shi Rebellion. At that time, Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was occupied by rebel An Lushan, and Chang 'an was burned and looted by Anshi rebels, making it desolate everywhere. Faced with such a situation, the author wrote this poem.
Second, the teaching objectives
Since the theme of patriotism is expressed through the genre of poetry, we should focus on "poetry" and "patriotism" in the process of learning to determine the teaching objectives of this unit:
1. Knowledge goal: Understand the rhythm of ancient poetry and appreciate the beauty of rhyme, conciseness, artistic conception and implication.
2. Memorize famous sentences, understand the truth contained in them, and apply what you have learned.
3. Emotional goal: to appreciate the poet's deep patriotic feelings.
Teaching emphasis: understand the connotation of poetry, accurately grasp the emotion in poetry, and truly recite poetry with emotion.
Teaching difficulties: deeply understand famous sentences and cultivate students' ability to taste language and appreciate poetry.
Class schedule: 1 class hour
Three teaching methods and learning methods
For the eighth-grade students, they also have a certain foundation in the study of poetry, so in this course, I think we should fully implement the concept that the teacher is the tutor, the students are the main body and the classroom should be returned to the students. In terms of teaching methods, teachers mainly focus on teaching and guide students to learn. Students mainly learn this poem through reading and discussion, and experience the patriotic feelings in the poem.
Fourth, the teaching process
1, new lesson import
Du Fu is a poet that students have come into contact with, so I think the author should be introduced into the introduction part to lead out the text. On the one hand, let students tell what they know about Du Fu now, so that students can learn from each other and accumulate literary common sense, and let teachers know how students accumulate and master knowledge. Moreover, the interaction between teachers and students at the beginning of class can make the class more harmonious and students can concentrate. On the other hand, after the students answer, the teacher summarizes and supplements the contents of the students' answers, puts forward the common sense of literature that the students should master, and grasps one of the key points to introduce into the ordinary class, which is naturally to grasp the patriotic feelings and transition to the ordinary class.
2. Poetry explanation
The interpretation and evaluation of poetry is the main part of this course. In this part, I think we should not only explain poetry, but also teach students how to analyze and memorize poetry. In the process of explanation, we should seize a clue to analyze this poem, and here I want to seize the clue of emotion to analyze it. After learning the words, let the students try to recite the poem first. Of course, the students at this time have not been able to grasp the emotion of this poem well, and need to further analyze this poem, so as to formally enter this poem. In this part, I think there are the following parts.
(1) Understand words and solve new words with after-school notes and reference books;
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(2) Reading poetry for the first time, introducing the writing background of poetry and eliciting clues to grasp the emotion of poetry.
(3) Analysis and interpretation of poetry
A. Students first try to translate this poem by combining notes and group discussions after class.
B: Please translate the first couplet and the poem couplet.
C. explain the first couplet and parallel prose of this poem and determine the connection between them. The first couplet is a bleak scene after the country's demise. Parallel prose is a painting injury with "flowers" and "birds" as the main body. There is a saying: there is a picture in poetry and a poem in painting. Therefore, this idea can be carried out in poetry analysis. The first couplet outlines a declining scene. Through the analysis with students, we can see the two images of "flowers" and "birds" in the couplet. Speaking of "flowers splash tears" and "birds are heartbroken", we can ask: Why do flowers splash tears and why do birds throb? In this way, the connection between the two associations was established.
So the main question here is: 1, what kind of picture does the first link show us? 2. Why do flowers cry and birds get frightened?
D. After analyzing the two couplets, students can recite the first couplet. When reciting, they can outline the analyzed picture in their minds, and then try to recite two couplets from the outlined picture.
E. Ask students to translate the neck-tail couplets of poems.
F. Explain neck couplet and parallel couplet, and determine the connection between these two sentences. Necklace: national war, missing family, tail couplet: the image of a white-haired old man who often scratches his head, the result of neck couplet. "I stroked my white hair. It has grown too thin. "Why? That's because I miss my hometown and hate the cruel war. So use this as a connection point to establish the connection between the two associations.
The main problem design: 1, why "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold"; What does it reflect? 2. Why "white beans scratch shorter"?
G. Students recite the neck couplet and tail couplet according to the connection between the two couplets, and an image of an old man who often scratches his head will emerge in his mind, and then the image of the old man will always try to recite the two couplets.
H. According to the analysis just now, try to recite the whole poem.
(4) Exploration and understanding
Analyze and understand "petals fall like tears, lonely birds sing their sadness" and explain intertextuality rhetoric.
Intertextuality: The upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say two things, but in fact they echo, explain and complement each other and say the same thing.
Poem understanding: Because of worrying about state affairs and regretting parting, flowers can't help crying, and birds are also surprised.
B, analyze the typical patriotic figures in the couplet "I touch my white hair". It has become too thin to hold a hairpin any more. "
Artistic image: the poet's head is like snow, and he scratches his head frequently because of anxiety and sadness.
This detail implicitly and profoundly expresses the poet's inner world.
(5) class summary
1, this is a poem expressing (patriotic feelings). What kind of characters he depicts and what kind of feelings he is full of, so what kind of thoughts and feelings should we use to read this poem?
2. What are the famous sentences in this poem and what rhetorical devices are used?
3. Memorize poems emotionally according to the pictures in your mind.
(6) After-class exercises: Search a poem of Du Fu expressing patriotic feelings and analyze it to find out the way to express patriotic feelings.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) blackboard writing design
The design of blackboard writing requires a brief introduction, which should clearly reflect the key points of teaching. Therefore, in the design of blackboard writing, I choose the main contents described by the associations of blackboard writing, and make these contents relate to each other, so that students can have a seamless understanding of poetry. Through this blackboard writing, I can draw a picture in my mind, and this picture can recite this poem, thus achieving the so-called "there are pictures in poetry and poems in flowers".
There are pictures in poems and poems in paintings ―― a poem that evokes the imagination of pictures and a picture that evokes the imagination of poems; A picturesque poem and a poetic painting
The first couplet: a picture of the decline and desolation of the country
↑↓ Painting → Viewing Painting
Zhuan Xu: Look at the injury with "flowers" and "birds"
Necklace: national war, missing relatives
Why "I touch my white hair. It has become too thin. "
Tail couplet: an old man who often scratches his head.