Geography knowledge points of seventh grade in People's Education Edition 1.
Thematic map (chapter 1 section 2)
Three elements of a map:
(1) scale (number; Line segment type; Text type)
I. Proportion, such as1:10000 > 1: 100 000 ;
Large scale means small scope, such as Beijing map, with detailed content;
Small scale represents a large area, such as the map of China, with rough content (P9 map1-16).
B. Proportional conversion: centimeters to kilometers, with five zeros removed.
For example,1:5,000,000 means that one centimeter on the map is equal to 5 0 kilometers away from the field.
② Direction: A. Go up north and down south, left west and right east B. Look at the lighthouse (P 10 activity map1-18).
③ Legend: p 10 diagram1-17.
Knowledge points of the first volume of geography in grade 27 of People's Education Edition
Theme 2 Earth and Globe (Chapter 2, section 1)
1, the size of the earth: surface area: 5 1 100 million square kilometers; Average radius: 6371km; The maximum circumference is about 40 thousand kilometers (sitting on the ground and walking 80 thousand miles a day, especially at the equator)
2. The shape of the earth: The earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly bulging equator.
3. Latitude: the equator and the circle parallel to the equator. Indicates the east-west direction (horizontal direction), which is circular; The length varies, the equator (that is, latitude 0) is the longest, and it gradually shortens to a point towards the poles. The north of the equator is called north latitude, and "n" means north; South of the equator is called south latitude, and "S" means south.
Meridian: an arc (semicircle) connecting the north and south poles and perpendicular to latitude, indicating the north-south direction (vertical); Semicircular; They are all the same length. The west of the 0 meridian (prime meridian) is called the west longitude, and "W" means the west; The east of 0 meridian (prime meridian) is called east longitude, and "E" means east.
Formula 1: south latitude s north latitude n, west longitude w and east longitude e.
Equation 2: Increase to north latitude and south latitude,
East longitude increases eastward and west longitude increases westward (P 19 Figure 2- 1 1).
4. The dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres: the equator; The dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres:160 e, 20° W；;
Knowledge points of the first volume of geography in the seventh grade of People's Education Edition 3
Theme 3: Movement of the Earth (Chapter 4, Section 3)
1, Earth's rotation: direction: from west to east, counterclockwise over the North Pole and clockwise over the South Pole: one day.
2. The revolution of the earth: direction: from west to east cycle: one year.
3. Geographical phenomena related to the earth's revolution: (The seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite to the length of day and night)
The date of the festival, the location of direct sunlight in the northern hemisphere, and the length of day and night.
On March 2 1 day of the vernal equinox, the equator in the northern hemisphere is equal to day and night.
Summer solstice, June 22, the northern hemisphere, the tropic of cancer in summer, the northern hemisphere has long days and short nights.
On September 23, the autumn equinox, the equator in the northern hemisphere is as long as day and night.
Winter Solstice 65438+February 22nd Northern Hemisphere Winter Tropic of Capricorn The days in the northern hemisphere are short and the nights are long.
4. The meaning of rotation: day and night alternate (the earth rotates around its own axis)
Significance of revolution: (The earth goes around the sun)
1. Variation of the direct latitude of the sun in a year (moving between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn)
B, the change of the length of day and night in a year (the day in the northern hemisphere reaches the longest day of the year from summer to day, and it is extremely day in the Arctic Circle; On the winter solstice, the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the shortest in a year, and the Arctic Circle is extremely night. The situation in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere is just the opposite)
C division of four seasons and five zones: the phenomenon of day and night is extreme in the cold zone (66.5-90); There is direct sunlight in tropical areas (between 23.5 north and south latitudes); There is a temperate zone (23.5-66.5) between the tropical zone and the frigid zone. (See Figure 4-22 of P70 for the five-segment division)
People's Education Edition 4 knowledge points of the first volume of seventh grade geography
Special topic four oceans and four continents (chapter II, section II)
1, seven continents (in order of area): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania; The equator passes through the islands of Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and Oceania.
2. Four oceans (in order of area): Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean. The Arctic Ocean has the highest latitude and the most longitude crossing.
3. "Water polo": three on land (29%) and seven on the sea (7 1%), with land mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere.
4, the dividing line between the mainland:
North America and Asia-Bering Strait; South America and North America-Panama Canal; Asia and Africa-Suez Canal;
Asia and Europe-Urals, ural river, Caucasus, Turkish Strait; Europe and Africa-Gibraltar Strait
5. Peninsula: Peninsula is a protruding part where land extends into the ocean (such as Shandong Peninsula and India Peninsula).
Knowledge points of the first volume of geography in the seventh grade of People's Education Edition 5
Topic 5 Topography (Chapter II, Section III)
1, distinguish: altitude refers to the vertical distance above altitude; Relative height refers to the altitude difference between the two places.
2. Five kinds of land topography: three kinds with little surface fluctuation-plain (generally not higher than 200m above sea level), plateau (high altitude with steep edge) and basin (high around and low in the middle); There are two kinds of surface undulations: mountains (high altitude >); 500 meters), hills (low altitude)
3. Submarine topography: From coast to ocean, it is continental shelf (shallow, within 200m), continental slope, trench (deep, such as the deepest Mariana trench), ocean basin and mid-ocean ridge in turn.
4. Topographic map: Color the contour map. Generally speaking, blue represents the ocean, green represents the plain, and brown and yellow represent the plateau.
5. The highest terrain in the world: the largest plain-Amazon Plain, the largest plateau-Brazil Plateau, the highest plateau-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the largest basin-Congo Basin, the longest mountain range-Andes, and the highest mountain range-Himalayas (P32 Figure 2-45).
Knowledge points of the first volume of geography in the seventh grade of People's Education Edition 6
Theme 6 Land and sea changes (Chapter 2, Section 4)
1, continental drift theory: Wei Gena
2. Six plates: Asia-Europe plate, America plate, Antarctica plate, Africa plate, Pacific plate and Indian Ocean plate.
3. Generally speaking, the interior of the plate is relatively stable. At the plate boundary, there are some cracks, some collisions and compressions, and crustal activity. Stretching may form an ocean (such as the Red Sea), and collision and compression may form mountains or cause volcanic earthquakes. Therefore, the distribution zones of volcanic seismic zones and mountain zones are close to plate boundaries (see P35 Figure 2-48 and P36 Figure 2-54).
Two mountain zones/volcanic earthquake zones: the Pacific Rim mountain zone and the southern mountain zone of Eurasia.
Related articles on knowledge points in the first volume of seventh grade geography published by People's Education Press;
★ Summary of geography knowledge points in Grade 7 of People's Education Edition
★ Organize the geography knowledge points in the first volume of the seventh grade.
★ Summary of knowledge points in the geography final exam of the first volume of the seventh grade
★ Summary of knowledge points in the geography final exam of the first volume of the seventh grade
★ New People's Education Edition seventh grade geography first volume teaching plan
★ Summary of knowledge points in the second volume of seventh grade geography
★ Review Outline of the Second Volume of the Seventh Grade Geography Education Edition
★ Focus on learning the geography knowledge points in the second volume of Grade 7.
★ The third chapter of geography in the first day of the Ministry of Education.
★ Knowledge points of the first unit of junior high school geography published by People's Education Edition
var _ HMT = _ HMT | |[]； (function(){ var hm = document . createelement(" script ")； hm.src = "/hm.js？ 3b 57837d 30 f 874 be 5607 a 657 c 67 1896 b "； var s = document . getelementsbytagname(" script ")[0]； s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm，s)； })();