Narrative can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The former generally refers to narrating, remembering people, writing scenery, writing things and other articles, including novels and essays. The latter refers to a kind of realistic article which mainly narrates characters and has relatively complete plots. This section is about the latter.
For reading this kind of articles, the curriculum standard requires us to "clear our thinking, understand the main content, appreciate and weigh the significance and function of important words and expressions in the language environment" and understand "expressions such as narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism". To this end, in recent years, the narrative reading of senior high school entrance examination in various places has generally focused on "clarifying the thinking, context and level of the article; Perceive the main content of the article and summarize the theme; Analyze the character characteristics of the characters and understand the meaning of the characters; Carefully consider the meaning and function of important words in the context; Grasp the key sentences in the text and understand their deep meaning and function according to the expression and common rhetorical devices; Refine the author's views, attitudes and emotional tendencies revealed in the article, and carry out personalized evaluation and appreciation.
Overview of exam knowledge points:
First, understand the six "elements" of narrative, that is, time, place, people, the cause, process and result of events, and some narratives should also pay attention to the analysis of the environment. A clear analysis of the role of each element is helpful to grasp the content of the article as a whole.
Second, analyze and grasp the clues that run through the whole article. Narrative clues are mainly as follows: with the passage of time and the change of place as the clue, with characters as the clue, with events as the clue, with whereabouts as the clue, with the change of characters' thoughts and feelings or the author's thoughts and feelings as the clue, and so on. Analyzing clues helps to grasp the idea and structure of the full text.
Third, clarify the narrative order of the article. There are three common narrative sequences: one is to arrange the plot in chronological order, including direct narration, flashback, interpolation and so on; The second is to arrange the content according to spatial order; The third is to classify the content according to different materials. Through the analysis of narrative order, we can accurately grasp the order and level of the article and understand the role of different narrative methods in expressing the center of the article.
Fourth, people who know the narrative are called. Including the first person; The second man said; The third person. The common names in narratives include the first person and the third person, and a few people only use the second person in situations such as letters and when expressing special needs.
Fifth, master the narrative center and narrative details. The content closely related to the center of the article should be written in detail. On the contrary, if it is closely related to the center of the article but not closely related, it should be written simply.
Sixth, role analysis and description. Description can be divided into character description and environment description. The main methods of character description are portrait, language, action, psychology and detail description, as well as frontal description and profile description. The main methods of environmental description are natural environment description and social environment description. When reading the narrative, we should pay attention to the study and analysis of various description methods to understand the expression effect of different methods on different themes. We should pay special attention to the role of character description and scenery description in highlighting the center of the article, understand the role of positive description and side description, and then analyze and grasp the writing characteristics of the article.
Seventh, pay attention to the analysis of arguments and lyrical words in narrative. There are direct and indirect differences between argumentation and lyric, and they are both important parts of narrative. Analyzing their functions is of great help to grasp the center of the full text.
Eighth, pay attention to the analysis of vivid and powerful words, taste the narrative language, and pay special attention to the expression of various rhetorical devices.
Common inspection methods
On the basis of retaining the traditional questions such as multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions, short answers and discrimination, the examination method presents the characteristics of "multi-angle and creativity", mainly including:
Imagine making up questions. In other words, reading comprehension is examined by imagining, reproducing scenes, inferring the development of stories, or trying to figure out the language of characters. Candidates are not only required to understand the original text, but also have the ability to accumulate and reproduce life experience.
Understand the evaluation questions. This kind of topic mainly examines the ability of reading feeling or evaluation. Compared with the traditional reading comprehension questions, the ability level has been improved. Candidates are required to know not only what it is through reading, but also why, and on this basis, express their own reading opinions and make their own comments.
Experiencing comprehension questions. This kind of examination questions mainly examines the reading experience, which is what people call "intentional" reading and "personalized" reading. This is a higher requirement for reading. Generally speaking, only by integrating your life, feelings and thoughts into the text in the process of reading can you get your own unique enlightenment from the text.
Independent appreciation questions. This kind of test questions is the progress of the traditional "appreciation" test questions and the concrete embodiment of the new curriculum concept of "students are the main body of learning and development" in the test questions. It often only specifies the scope of appreciation in the questions, and the specific object of appreciation is decided by the candidates according to their own preferences. This will help to publicize students' reading personality, cultivate students' sense of accomplishment, and then stimulate students' interest in learning Chinese.
Situation setting problem. This kind of examination questions often ask questions by means of "transposition" with the help of some scenes in the selected text. It is not only an examination of candidates' language understanding and expression ability, but also an examination of candidates' quality of life.
Comparative reading questions. This kind of examination questions are interspersed with reading materials in the reading questions. Generally, the two texts are linked from a certain angle, and one or two comparison points are set to examine the feelings, understanding, appreciation and evaluation of the selected texts.
Reading methods. This kind of question type is a kind of question type to test the implementation of the course goal of "Process and Method", which mainly examines the ability of candidates to read by themselves. Its examination method is more flexible, and you can set questions from the overall reading, such as making "reading notes" according to relevant requirements; You can set questions from the perspective of local appreciation, such as asking for "annotation" of vivid words and wonderful sentences in the text; You can also set questions about reading accumulation, such as making "reading cards" as required.