1. Do poems have to rhyme?
To answer simply, poetry is a typical genre in verse. The so-called rhyme, its fundamental characteristic and necessary condition is to rhyme. Since poetry is one of them, it must rhyme.
2. What is rhyme?
To explain what rhyme is, we must first understand the concept of "rhyme". Our Chinese is a monosyllabic language, that is, each Chinese character has only one syllable pronunciation. In phonology, the pronunciation of each syllable is composed of two parts: the former part is "sound" and the latter part is "rhyme". Take the word "东" as an example. Its anti-cut phonetic notation is "德hongqie", and the Chinese pinyin is "dōng"; the "德" in front of the anti-cut phonetic notation is the voice part of the word "东", and the pinyin is the initial consonant "d"; The "red" at the end represents the rhyme part of the word "东", and the Chinese pinyin is "ong". The so-called rhyme refers to the use of words with the same rhyme part in the same position (usually at the end of the sentence) of related sentences in the same poem or rhyme. For example, "dōng", "tóng", "gōng" and other words, the final rhymes behind them are all the same "ong", so they are words with the same rhyme, so arrange them in corresponding sentences. In the position, a rhyme is formed.
3. Are there rules (rules) for rhyming poetry?
Continuing from the above, let’s first talk about the standards for using rhyme: Broadly speaking, as long as the final sound (rhyme) in the pronunciation is the same, and the words in the corresponding position can form a rhyme, but our country has a vast territory and dialects. There are many (some ethnic minorities use non-Chinese language groups whose mother tongue is not discussed), and the pronunciation of the same word is different in various dialects. Therefore, in order to facilitate communication, the pronunciation of standard Mandarin is generally used as the rhyme standard. In the past, different periods had different standards: before the Han Dynasty, the use of rhyme was strictly based on spoken pronunciation. From the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, people began to try to formulate standards for the use of rhyme. The most important manifestation was the large number of various rhyme books. Appear. However, there is still no unified rhyme system to be formed here, and naturally there is no standard yet. It was not until the appearance of Lu Fayan's "Qie Yun" in the Sui Dynasty that unified rhyme standards began to be established. On this basis, subsequent dynasties and dynasties formulated corresponding rhyme standards for each period, among which none had the greatest influence on modern times. The Jin Dynasty official compiled "Pingshui Yun" based on the Song Dynasty's "Guang Yun". Today, when we create poems or related rhymes, people adopt a variety of rhyme standards according to their own habits. This is reflected in many ancient literature lovers. For example, "Pingshui Yun" is used to write modern poetry, and "Pingshui Yun" is used to write lyrics. "Ci Lin Zheng Yun", "Ci Lin Zheng Yun" and "Zhongyuan Yun Yun" were used to compose music. There are also those who use the so-called new rhyme, that is, the rhyme standard formulated according to modern phonetics. There are two types: one is to refer to the method of past rhyme books, classifying modern Chinese characters into the corresponding "rhyme part", and the same "rhyme part" Words that have the same rhyme can rhyme with each other, but words with different rhymes cannot rhyme. The other is simpler, which is to directly rhyme with the finals of Chinese Pinyin, such as salt (yan), xian (xian), jian (jian), yuan (yuan), etc. Their finals are an\ian\uan respectively, where The first letter i of ian and the first letter u of uan are called rhymes. When rhyming, the rhymes do not have to be the same. As long as the following letters are the same, they can rhyme, so un\en rhymes, ei\ui\i Tong bet, ong\eng Tong bet; there are also vowel letters e and o that can be pressed together, and u and v (fish) can be pressed with each other.
Secondly, the use of rhyme in today’s free-style poetry does not necessarily refer to the tone of the words. According to modern Chinese, Mandarin is divided into four tones, namely Yinping tone (1 tone, such as xiān), Yangping tone (2 tone) Sound, such as Xianxián), Shangsheng (3rd tone, like Xianxiǎn), Qu tone (4th tone, like Xianxiàn). Rhyming in the strict sense requires the distinction of tones. This is the so-called level and oblique tone. In modern Chinese, the level tones refer to the 1st and 2nd tones, and the oblique tones refer to the 3rd and 4th tones. Generally, words with the same rhyme between the 1st and 2nd tones can be related. Rhyming; words with the same rhyme between the 3rd and 4th tones can rhyme with each other, but there is no overlapping rhyme between the 1st and 2nd tones and the 3rd and 4th tones. There is a "entering" tone in ancient pronunciation, which does not exist in today's Mandarin pronunciation. In the past, the tones of Ru Ting were not connected with other tones, and the characters for Ru Ting could only be pronounced with the character for Ru Ting. We should pay special attention to this when using old rhymes.
The above are the basic rules of rhyme. Let’s talk about the rhyme rules in poetry: The first is the position of rhyme. In old-style poems, it usually rhymes with the last word at the end of the sentence (exceptions such as in Chu Ci) There is often the particle "xi" at the end of the sentence. Generally, these words do not rhyme, but rhyme with the word above them). Some sentences rhyme (such as "Bai Liang Terrace Poetry"), but usually every other sentence rhymes. For four-line quatrains and eight-line rhymed poetry, the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines of (rhymed poetry) rhyme at the end. If the last words of the first line and the rhyming words belong to the same tone, they generally have to rhyme. rhyme. Quatrains and rhymed poems generally use only one rhyme, while longer poems or verses allow the use of more than two rhymes. The middle is called "rhyme change". Rhyme change usually occurs after the first rhyme uses more than two rhymes. , and when changing rhyme, it is generally required that two connected sentences rhyme between rhyme and foot transitions, and then this rhyme can be used continuously to rhyme with other sentences. When changing rhyme, the tone of the rhyme can also be changed at the same time, and the tone of the previous rhyme is not necessarily required to be used.
For lyrics and music, there are strict requirements for the position of rhyme. Different lyrics (music) brands have different rhyming methods. These can be learned by referring to the corresponding lyrics. In comparison, the use of rhyme characters in old-style poetry is stricter. Words in different rhyme parts in the rhyme book cannot rhyme together. However, lyrics and music have looser requirements in this regard. As long as the words have the same rhyme and the same tune, they can usually be used. Bet on each other.