1. Question format:
(1) What kind of image has this poem created?
(2) What are the image features in this poem?
⑶ What kind of emotion does the poet express through the image-building in his poems?
2. Answer analysis:
Image (image):
A, people (characters or lyric heroes shaped in poetry);
B, things (objects in poems or miscellaneous poems);
C. Scenery (scene when writing landscape poems or miscellaneous poems)
(1) Know how to combine images into artistic conception, which highlights images.
⑵ Images contain the poet's thoughts and feelings.
⑶ To analyze the image of poetry, we should identify its nature according to the specific images and pictures described in poetry, and summarize the symbolic and social significance of poetry on the basis of reading poetry.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Summarize what image has been created.
⑵ Analyze the image characteristics by combining the poetry content or expression skills.
(3) Reveal the meaning of image expression (emotion, ideal, pursuit, personality, etc. ).
4. Examples of answers:
Good morning. Chinese plum
Wowkie Zhang
A tree with cold plum and white jade belt is near the village road and creek bridge.
I don't know if it started spraying soon, but I suspect it hasn't disappeared after the winter snow.
Q: How do poets show their self-image through plum blossoms?
A:
Step 1: This poem shows the image of Zaomei standing in the cold wind and growing.
The second step: the word "cold" points to the poor living conditions of Mei tomorrow morning; The word "Jiong" shows the loneliness of Zaomei; The metaphor of "white jade stripes" and the illusion that plums are snow clearly show the quality of early plums.
Step 3: The author uses Mei as a metaphor to show a lonely, arrogant, tenacious and extraordinary self-image.
Second, analyze the types of artistic conception
1. Question method:
(1) What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
(2) What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
(3) What kind of scenery are described in some poems? What kind of feelings did the poet express?
2. Answer analysis:
This is one of the most common problems. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Describe the picture shown in the poem.
Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
⑵ Summarize the characteristics of scenery creating atmosphere.
Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as loneliness and cold, tranquility and beauty, vigor and grandeur, bleakness and desolation, brightness and beauty, tranquility and profundity. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scene.
⑶ Analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.
4. Examples of answers:
Two quatrains (Part I)
Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
Q: What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A:
Step 1: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the soil melts, the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with the soil, the sun is bright, the beach is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar.
Step 2: This is a beautiful spring scene.
The third step shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after he finished running around and lived a stable life.
Third, analytical skills.
1. Question method:
(1) What expressive techniques (expressive techniques, artistic techniques, artistic techniques) are used in this poem?
⑵ Please analyze the expressive techniques (artistic techniques and expressive skills) of this poem.
(3) How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
(4) What are the characteristics of this poem (poem) in writing scenery (lyrical, describing characters /XXX)?
2. Answer analysis:
This kind of question focuses on the artistic expression characteristics of poetry as a whole, and should be answered mainly from the aspects of the overall conception and artistic skills of poetry.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Ming technique: point out exactly what technique was used.
⑵ Explain the reason: explain why this technique is used in combination with the poem.
⑶ Functional analysis: How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings?
4. Examples of answers:
Morning trip
the Chen Dynasty
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.
Q: What is the main expression of this poem? What's the effect?
A:
The first step: mainly use the comparison method.
The second step: the sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, compared with the darkness of the night; The sound of grass insects reflects the silence of the environment.
The third step: the contrast between them highlights the poet's early travels and the loneliness brought by wandering in his heart.
Fourthly, the analysis of language features.
1. Question method:
(1) What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Please analyze the language style of this poem.
⑶ Talk about the language art of this poem.
2. Answer analysis:
This type of question is not a skill to figure out the usage of a single word, but the language style of the whole poem (word). The common mistake is to try to figure out the author's refined words and words from the use of language, and explain the cleverness of words. It should be noted that the characteristics of language cannot be equated with the use of language.
The words used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, bright and fresh, simple and natural, unpretentious, bright and simple, bright and straightforward, easy to understand, fluent and natural, easy to understand, gorgeous and gorgeous, gorgeous and gorgeous, profound and meaningful, euphemistic and implicit, subtle and deep, bold and unrestrained, graceful and restrained in style, touching and sad, gentle and sad, harmonious and concise.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Identifying features: accurately identifying language features with one or two words.
⑵ List examples: Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
⑶ Analysis: Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
4. Examples of answers:
Resentment in spring
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Q: Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A:
Step 1: The language features of this poem are fresh, natural and colloquial.
Step 2: "Yellow" is a children's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to camp in western Liaoning to be with him." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband.
Step 3: This naturally shows a woman's longing for her husband.
V. Refine fonts
1. Question method:
(1) What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
There is a saying that has always been praised. What do you think of it?
⑶ Find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings from a poem and make a concrete analysis.
(4) What is the function of words in expression? Please analyze it in detail.
Do you think there is a word in the poem that is well written? Why?
A sentence in the poem is well used. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Once a word in a poem is replaced by a word, which do you think is better? Try to analyze it.
⑻: There are several ways to say a word in a sentence of this poem, which one do you think is better? Why?
The center of this poem (a sentence) is a word. Try to analyze it.
2. Answer analysis:
The ancients paid attention to the refinement of words in poetry, that is, they asked to taste the beauty of these refinement words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem. Terms commonly used in organizing answers: profound, implicit, prominent, vivid, vivid and so on.
The angle of word extraction: verbs, adjectives (overlapping use, flexible use as verbs, indicating colors), numerals and function words.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Interpretation: Explain the meaning of a word in a sentence.
⑵ Describe the scene: expand the association and put this word in the original sentence to describe the scene.
⑶ The role of the topic: What kind of artistic conception is highlighted by the topic, or what kind of feelings are expressed.
4. Examples of answers:
Nanpubie
Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
Q: According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can truly reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
A: I agree.
Step one: Look, in the poem, it means to look back.
Step 2: I leave people behind and often look back. Every time I look back, my heart aches. This word makes us seem to see the tearful eyes of the lyric hero, but we want to see them but dare not.
Step 3: Just a word "look" shows the sadness of parting.
Six, analysis ideas (structural ideas) types
1. Question method:
(1) How was this poem conceived?
Please analyze the ingenious conception of this poem.
2. Answer analysis:
Poetry is thoughtful and there is a close relationship between a poem and a sentence. Then, to analyze the structure of poetry, we must grasp the relationship between poems. Some poems write scenery first and then express feelings, others write scenery first and then express feelings, and there are also theories of bedding, transition, contrast and transition.
3. Answer steps:
(1) Summarize the content of the poem.
(2) Reveal the relationship between poems.
(3) Point out what thoughts and feelings this idea conveys.
4. Examples of answers:
Fang Shan Shi Chun
Cen Can
There are crows flying in Liangyuan at dusk, and there are three or two families in the order.
I don't know how many people will go, but the old flowers will come in spring.
Q: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
A:
The first step: write a sentence or two about the prosperity of Liangyuan-look up at the crows flying in the air and expect a depression; Three or four sentences "Flowers bloom in the past" set off the people who appeared in the park.
Step 2: In this way, the first and second sentences set off the bleak atmosphere and laid the emotional tone for the whole poem, and the third and fourth sentences expressed their feelings and showed the main idea on this basis.
The third step: thus expressing the sadness that things are not the vicissitudes of the world.
Basic knowledge and images of ancient poetry
1. Poetry classification
Genre-classical poetry, modern poetry (quatrains, metrical poems)
Subject matter-pastoral poems, frontier poems, poems about things, poems about history, and poems about nostalgia
Expression-lyrics, narrative poems, philosophical poems
Every sentence-five-character poems, seven-character poems and miscellaneous poems
Writing style-bold school (Su Shi, Xin Qiji ...), graceful school (Li Qingzhao, Liu Yong ...)
2. Common appreciation clauses
Expression-lyric, description (people, things, scenery), narration, discussion
Rhetorical devices-metaphor, exaggeration, metonymy, contrast, antithesis, personification, allusions, adaptation and explanation
Means of expression-metaphor, evocation, contrast, satire, positive contrast, negative contrast, symbol, imagination, association, direct expression of meaning, lyric by scenery, expression of meaning by things, reasoning by things, irony by ancient times, comparison between the present and the past, comparison between the present and the past, comparison between the dynamic and the static, and sadness by music, from far to near.
The perspective of landscape painting-heaven and earth, distance, sound, movement, cold and warm, scenery, leaning, inside and outside.
3. Always test the artistic conception (theme)
Qiu Si, homesickness, homesickness, family, friends, lovers, parting, the passing of life.
Without reuse, there is no way to serve the country, my career is frustrated, I can't meet you, my bosom friend is hard to find, and I feel meditation.
The rise and fall of history, the decline and fall of the national movement, satirize the present with the ancient, satirize state affairs, and expose official rule and people's sufferings.
Yearning for nobility, leaving the world, hating officialdom, seclusion, rural life, leisure and interest.
I admire the ancient sages, eager to make contributions, determined to serve the country, proud of life, profound friendship and sweet love.
Feel life, philosophy of life, natural beauty, praise the prosperous times, comment on history and be full of Zen.
Magnificent (majestic and vast, mountains and rivers battlefield, inspiring), beautiful (small bridge flowing water, spring flowers and autumn moon, one person and one scene for a while, exquisite and graceful, compassionate)
The size of artistic conception-the country is greater than the individual; Tragedy is greater than pain.
4. Appreciation of poetic expression techniques
Direct lyric
Just don't borrow foreign things, hide, and tell your joys and sorrows.
Indirect lyric
In other words, by writing scenes, narrating and portraying the actions of characters, we can express our feelings and show our hearts.
Use a scene to express your feelings.
In ancient poetry, some scenes were endowed with certain humanistic symbolic significance by the poet, such as the willow tree symbolizing parting, the plum blossom symbolizing nobility, the moon symbolizing reunion, and the wild goose symbolizing tidings. Poets often express some feelings when describing these scenes.
Blend feelings into the landscape.
That is to say, when the poet began to write, he had already established emotional activities in his heart, which implied emotions in the scenery he wrote for readers to feel and experience.
Creating Landscape Based on Emotion
Dreams and dreams in poetry are typical situations of emotional creation. If the scenery described by the poet is not at a certain time or place, nor when writing a poem, but the poet gathers them into a poem to describe it, it can be called "creating a landscape because of emotion"
Hold something to express your wishes.
It is an important technique to compare people with things and reason with things.
Borrow the ancient to satirize the present and recall the injury.
metaphor
exaggerate
Exaggeration refers to exaggerating or reducing the original form, scale and degree of things in order to enhance the subjective emotional color of poetry. (Li Bai often exaggerates)
sign
Symbol refers to expressing similar thoughts and feelings through concrete images.
Use allusions
Use allusions to express your feelings and intentions and show your mind.
contrast
Contrast is to make the characteristics of the two sides more distinct, such as the contrast between black and white, the contrast between life and death, the contrast between right and wrong, the contrast between motion and static, and to emphasize and reveal a certain phenomenon and explain a certain truth through sharp contrast.
make a contrast (with sth)
"The quieter the forest, the quieter Tonamiyama will be." Lin Jing sang cicadas and birds in the mountains. Contrast is not difficult to see, contrast is to write the other side with the opposite side, and to "sacrifice" the opposite side with the opposite side to highlight the other side, such as writing static with sports, writing sadness with joy, writing white with black and so on. Contrast has no such characteristics. There is no question of who serves whom, but both sides serve a certain goal.
Front lining (contrast)
It is the green leaves that set off the peony, and the clouds that set off the bright moon. For example, in the necklace of Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden, "Frost birds want to get a glimpse first, but butterflies know each other and die", and the forest cloth here is the love of the frost birds and butterflies for plum blossoms, which sets off his love for plum blossoms. The properties of the front lining and the back lining are the same, except that the foil of the front lining and the lining take the same "position", while the foil and the lining of the back lining take the opposite "position".
Chemical utilization
The verse of the poem is changed from the previous verse. For example, the sentence in Wang Shifu's "The Peony Pavilion and the Long Pavilion Farewell" is "But who among them cried the most? And this Jiujiang officer. "My blue sleeves are wet" in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip.
Metonymy and other rhetorical devices
More common technology.
For example, "Qian Fan passed by the sinking boat, and Wan Muchun was before the sick tree" (Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou") "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death" (Du Fu's "From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words") "Jiujiang is so far away, I haven't heard music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) "Sail" replaces "boat"; "Zhumen" is the gate of vermilion, which refers to rich and powerful families; "Silk bamboo" and "silk" originally refer to stringed instruments such as lyre and harp, while "bamboo" refers to wind instruments such as flute and Xiao in this batch. The "silk bamboo" here refers to a piece of music.
synaesthesia
A special metaphor.
Synaesthesia is the communication of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch. For example, "the ice spring is cold and the string is condensed, as if it can't pass; And Notes, Gone (Bai Juyi's Pipa) expresses the sadness and resentment of the piano with the touch of "the ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed". Another example is "The shadows are shallow, and the moonlight is faint and fragrant" (Lin Bu's "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden"), which uses the visual "darkness" to write the "fragrance" on the smell, highlighting the lightness and fragrance of plums.
Intertextuality
A special way of saving words makes this poem more concise.
For example, "Qin Mingyue Hanxiu" (Wang Changling's Out of the Great Wall) is actually "Qin and Han Mingyue Hanxiu", that is, the ancient Mingyue Guxiu; Omitting the word "Qin" after the word "Qin" and the word "Qin" before the word "Han" not only makes the language concise, but also gives readers a sense of time and space. "Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Female" (19 ancient poems, Distant Altair) actually means "Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Female". "The male rabbit's feet are complicated and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred" ("Mulan Ci") actually means "the male rabbit's feet are complicated and the female rabbit's eyes are complicated and confusing", so it is difficult for two rabbits to tell which is the male and which is the female when they run on the ground.
5. Image
The images of ancient poems include images of people and things. So, what is image? In short, the poet creates an image by adding subjective meaning to objective things. In the creation and development of ancient poetry, the subjective feelings contained in some things gradually solidified to express specific scenes and meanings. In the college entrance examination, some images appear repeatedly. In this paper, a short poem is used to summarize the images that often appear in the college entrance examination, so as to help candidates remember and better answer poetry appreciation questions:
Pine, plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum are noble and clean,
Borrow the moon to ask geese to send homesickness.
The cuckoo partridge mourns,
The leaves of Platanus acerifolia are sad.
Don't be a pavilion, Liu Yiyi,
Sorrow spread from the water.
Crows and swallows rise and fall,
The vegetation is still moving.
1, "Song Meizhu chrysanthemum" is noble:
Pine, plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum are the embodiment of noble morality and fear of evil. The ancients often used these four images to express noble sentiments. There is a saying in Serina Liu's "Give it to a Brother": "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." Wang Ji's "Zhu Yong" said: "Cold in old age is different, different from ordinary vegetation." Yuan Zhen's poem "Chrysanthemum" has a cloud: "It's not that chrysanthemum is favored among flowers, but that this flower has no flowers." There are also many poems about Mei, such as "It is not snow from a distance, because there is a delicate fragrance." "Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains."
2. Send homesickness by "Moon" and "Goose";
The bright moon in the sky often evokes the homesickness of wanderers and poets, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night. Looking up, I found that the moonlight sank back, and I suddenly remembered my home. Du Fu's Moonlight Memories My Brothers, he knew that the dew would be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight at home was! And Su Shi's "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine" all express the poet's homesickness.
Wild geese are a kind of migratory birds, and ancient poems are often written in the homesickness of foreign travelers when they see wild geese flying south. One of Wang Wan's berths at the foot of Beibao Mountain. The last two sentences of this poem say, "I can finally send my emissary? Geese, return to Luoyang. "Poets wandering, to return to his hometown. Even the poets on the boat are not clear, so we have to hope that the geese in the north will send books for themselves in the spring. The image of returning geese shows the author's homesickness.
3. "Cuckoo" and "Partridge" cried sadly:
Du Fu, also known as Zigui and Du Yu. In ancient mythology, Du Yu (that is, Wang Di), the king of Shu, retired to the mountains. After his death, his soul became Du Fu. He said that Du Fu was called "it is better to go home", so Du Fu in ancient poetry became a symbol of desolation and sadness.
Gu Gu Tian Yan Dao Ji
Shili terraces lean on green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of flowers. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
Question: Why does the author describe the cuckoo's cry in this poem? The answer to this question should start with the cuckoo's cry, and the word also mentions "the sound is not as good as going home", which expresses the author's homesickness outside drifting.
The image of "partridge" in ancient poems often reveals sadness. For example, Li Bai's "Visit to Yue Gu": "The ladies-in-waiting seem to be full of spring palace, but today the partridges fly."
4, "Indus" leaves fall through sorrow:
There is an old saying called "rather critical", which means that the plane tree leaves have fallen. Writing sad autumn with phoenix tree is a common technique used by the ancients. In Zhu's Autumn Night, the image of "phoenix tree" is written as follows:
The night is sleepless, the autumn wind is clear, and the candle flowers are frequently cut to night. The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing.
In this poem, the cool bed, the moon shadow and the phoenix tree create a lonely artistic conception.
5, don't "pavilion" and "willow" yiyi:
In classical poetry, Yangliu is often associated with divorce. The Book of Songs, Picking Wei, writes: "I have been there, Yangliu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " The swaying figure of weak willows can best convey the feelings of relatives and friends when they leave. In addition, "Liu" and "Liu" are also homophones. Pavilion is the place where the ancients bid farewell, so it is also an image that often appears in farewell poems. Liu Yong's "Yulinling" wrote these two images at the same time, which are "chilling and sorrowful, coming late for a long time." And "Where to wake up tonight, Yang Liuan Xiaofeng is dying."
6. Falling "flowers" and "water" spread sadness:
The drop of "flowers" makes people feel pity and sadness, while the flow of "water" is noisy or soothing, which is the most worrying. Therefore, it is often used to express sadness in ancient poetry. For example, Li Yu's "Yu Meiren": "When the spring flowers and the autumn moon will end, how much is known about the past", "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward"; Another example is Li Qingzhao's "A Plum": "Flowers come from Shui Piao, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure."
7. The rise and fall of "crow" and "swallow" systems:
Crow is a kind of bird, which often appears in graves and other places and is often regarded as an ominous sign. Poets often use the image of "crow" to render the declining atmosphere. Swallow, because of its attachment to the old nest, has become the sustenance of classical poetry to express the changes of current events and express the feelings of historical rise and fall. There are many topics with the image of "crow" in the college entrance examination, such as: seeing Wei join the army in Danyang, looking at Jiangbei in the evening, flying all over the water in west Western jackdaw, partridge sky, mountains connected with water, bright water, and the residual forest full of crows.
8, "vegetation" is still in the personnel move:
The vegetation is evergreen, but the personnel are quietly changing. Ancient poetry often uses "vegetation" to express the emotion of things being transformed and sigh over the rise and fall of history. For example, the poem appreciation title "Crossing Huaqing Palace" such as "Yangzhou Slow" and "Ten Miles after the Spring Breeze" also uses the image of a tree: "The Jade Hostel ascended to heaven, and only the tree in the Forbidden City can live forever."
6. Appreciation of poetic images
rain
Sadness is the main meaning of rain image in classical poetry. This is mainly because continuous rain can often arouse the poet's emotions, so this image is often used to write endless worries in his heart. With the help of concrete rain images, it establishes a special connection with abstract psychological activities, conveying the poet's feelings of parting, missing, boredom and regret, or the pain of national ruin and death.
"When you ask about the return date, it rains in the autumn pool at night" (Li Shangyin's Notes to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night)
"An old friend in the Qin Dynasty became a distant dream, and Chutian cool rain was alone in a boat" (Li Duan's "Huai Su Puyi Sikong Civilization")
But sometimes, the image of rain also conveys a kind of warmth and tenderness.
"Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently "("Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night ").
"The leaves are dry and rainy, the water is clear and the garden is clear, and the wind and the lotus are in one stroke" (Zhou Bangyan's Su Lian Gai). But in general, the image of rain mainly expresses sadness.
water
The image of rain mainly conveys sadness, while the image of water mainly conveys helplessness.
"All the way Altair, JiaoJiaoHe han female. ..... The river is clear and shallow. How big is the difference? Ying Ying is easy to water, and his pulse is silent. " The distance is not far away, but because of the insurmountable water barrier, it can only leave a great legacy like the end of time.
"Jane Jane warehouse, the millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back to the source, Tao is yin and long; Swim back from it in the middle of the water. " No matter how hard you try, the beauty in front of you will become unattainable because of the barrier of water.
Contrary to the helplessness of blocking, water image is sometimes a medium to convey feelings such as parting and missing.
"Last year in Yangzhou, send the Yellow Crane Tower. Seeing the sail far away, my heart flows by the river. " (Li Bai's "Jiang") "The heart flows with the river", and the vast river is a vivid portrayal of infinite feelings.
"How much sadness can you have, just like a river flowing eastward." (Li Yu, "When are the Spring Flowers and the Autumn Moon?") The flowing spring water is a vivid portrayal of endless sorrow.
Green hills
Qingshan image is an important image in classical poetry, and countless poets have devoted their feelings to it. Generally speaking, the image of Castle Peak has the following meanings.
Symbolizing hometown, inhabiting body and mind.
"Infinite grass color, where the mountains are green." (Miracle's Send Retired Teachers to Ningjin, Changsha) "But please remember that my head turns white among strangers, when you look up at the blue mountains in my hometown." (Sikongshu's "Thieves Return to the North after Peace") "Pedestrians think infinitely about the autumn wind, and the green hills across the water are like their hometown." (Dai Shulun's "Governing Sichuan Landscape")
Suggest nothingness and show desolation.
"Success or failure is at stake. Jiangshan is still there, and the sunset is red. " ("Romance of the Three Kingdoms Linjiang Xian" "Heroes go to luxury, only green mountains are like green mountains." (Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgia") "The end of the song is gone, and there are several peaks on the river." (Qian Qi's "Hunan Linggu Provincial Trial")
Lead as a bosom friend and strengthen the soul.
"Never tire of meeting each other, only respect Tingshan." (Li Bai's "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain") "I see how charming Qingshan is, and I expect Qingshan to be like this. Love and appearance are slightly similar. " (Xin Qiji's "He Xinlang")
The flowers have fallen
Flowers are beautiful, but this beauty is often short-lived, so in the hearts of passionate poets, falling flowers will always cause infinite melancholy.
"A flower flew away, but it was spring and the wind was so sad." (Du Fu's Two Poems of Qujiang) Flying flowers all over the sky is the poet's boundless sorrow.
"It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." (Du Fu's "On Meeting Li Guinian Downstream") means that prosperity is gone, and prosperity is gone forever.
"When the sun sets, the east wind complains about birds, and the fallen flowers are still like fallen flowers." (Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden") The fallen flower has become a fallen flower, conveying sorrow.
Of course, not all the fallen flowers described by poets are images of sadness, melancholy, aging and death.
There is a poem in Wang Wei's "From the King of Qi to Yang Bieye": "If you sit for a long time, more flowers will fall." This is to write a clear mood with fallen flowers.
There is a poem in Li Bai's "A Boy's Journey": "Where do the fallen flowers swim? Laugh into the Huji wine shop. "This is Li Bai's life-no sadness, only indulgence, falling flowers can also increase leisure.
Gong Zizhen said in a poem: "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but it turns into spring mud to protect flowers." This is a more aggressive and energetic portrayal.
Byrd
Flying freely like a bird has been a human desire since ancient times. In poetry, the image of birds has become an important reference for people's hearts to fly freely.
Use the free flight of birds to express the desire to realize the ideal of life. "Looking at the reunion, waving five strings. Pitching is self-satisfied, and the heart is too mysterious. " (Ji Kang's "Giving Scholars to Join the Army") This is the spiritual take-off of Ji Kang who lived in Sima's dictatorship.
Use the soaring of birds in space to express the poet's pursuit of transcendental and lofty life realm. "Open the porch, face the sun, lie down and watch the birds." (Wang Wei's "Stay in the mountains, stay in the ancient times, show brotherhood")
Write the homesickness and sadness of wanderers with homing birds. For example, "beginning of spring is only seven days old and has been away from home for two years." After people return to geese, they think about flowers before. "(Xue Daoheng's" Homecoming ")
Write about people's vagrancy with a lonely bird flying alone. "Solitary hong, outside the court, Xiang birdsong forest of steles. I will see what I will see, and I will be sad. " (Ruan Ji "Yong Huai")
ring
The significance of bell image in ancient poetry can be divided into two stages.
The first stage was before Buddhism was introduced into China. At that time, bells were mostly used as the experience of celebration music, which brought people a cheerful and enthusiastic enjoyment, such as the opening sentence of the Book of Songs, "My Fair Lady, Bell and Drum Music".
The second stage is after Buddhism was introduced into China, which is more complicated than the first stage.
Most of the bells in Wang Wei's poems reverberate in valleys, clouds and towering ancient trees far away from the hubbub, conveying an ethereal tranquility of seclusion in the mountains and conversion to Buddhism. For example, "I don't know the way to xiangji temple, but I wander under the mountain clouds for miles. Through the ancient forest without human footprints, but now I hear bells on high. " (Ji Xiang Temple)
Many other poets have used this Buddhist clock. Like Li Bai's "Listen to him in Qingxi and listen to him in the ice bell" ("Listen to the Shu monk playing the piano")
In the poet's pen, the bell is still a warning to the passage of time. For example, "you said you would come, but you didn't. You didn't leave me any other traces except the moonlight on your tower at five o'clock." (Li Shangyin's Untitled)