Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037 ~11), born in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumous title Wenzhong, aged 66. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong reigned for six years, giving a surname to chase posthumous title's "Wen". Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, is the fifth son of his father Su Xun. He is a famous writer, calligrapher, essayist, poet and representative of the unrestrained poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Yuan (1 10 1) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) at the age of 66 and was buried in Tancheng County (now jia county, Henan). He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. The "Three Sus" are eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe (Su Xun is Su Shi's father and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. Three of them (divided into two schools in Tang Dynasty and six schools in Song Dynasty) have works such as Seven Sets of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to the old party with Sima Guang as its leader.
Chibi Fu is divided into pre-Chibi Fu and post-Chibi Fu.
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Writing background
In October of the ninth year of Xining, Wang Anshi's political reform was frustrated and the trend of political reform was reversed. Some elements who speculate on the new law collude for personal gain and pursue revenge. Su Shi, who dared to speak frankly, became a victim of bureaucratic and political struggles. Yuan Feng arrived in Huzhou in April and was suddenly arrested on July 28th. The evidence is a pile of poems by Su Shi. It turns out that Su Shi's poems have revealed some grievances, expressed different opinions on the new law and criticized the abuses of the new law. Its purpose is nothing more than "serving the poet's righteousness and making excuses for irony", which has become the handle of impeachment. Those treacherous little people branded him "resentful, arrogant, arrogant", "taking advantage of everything" and "malicious" and threw him into prison. At that time, relatives and friends were shocked, and family members were shocked. Su Shi was humiliated and tortured in prison, and sometimes he felt that he would die. He once wrote two poems to bid farewell to his younger brother, including the poem "Burying a bone is a green hill, leaving the gods alone in the rain". Thanks to the rescue of relatives and friends, Song Shenzong didn't want to kill him. At the end of this year, he was released from prison and relegated to Huangzhou in the name of Huangzhou Yingyong, Ministry of Water Resources. In the second year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1079), Su Shi was demoted as an assistant to Ying Yong in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). 1082 In autumn and winter, Su Shi visited Chibi near Huangzhou twice and wrote two poems. Su Shi visited Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not Chibi War.
In the first month of Yuanfeng's third year, Su Shi lived in Huangzhou for five years. His life here is very difficult. With the help of friends, he reclaimed dozens of acres of wasteland, dug wells to build houses and cultivated them, and named them "Dongpo lay man". Su Shi's thoughts in Huangzhou are contradictory: on the one hand, he feels resentment and pain at being hit so cruelly; On the other hand, I always want to seek liberation from Laozi and Zhuangzi Buddhism. At the same time, in the interaction with Tian Lao, he felt warm and strengthened his confidence. On the one hand, he showed his broad-minded and adaptable personality, on the other hand, he made his thoughts closer to reality. His poems on the red wall reflect his thoughts and feelings at this time.
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Original "Red Cliff Fu"
original text
In the autumn of René n (xū), in July, Perilla and her guests went boating under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan, hovering between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. The vastness is like a virtual wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. Song Yue said, "Zhugui (zhào) blows the blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " The piper leans on the song and makes peace (hè). Its voice is full of resentment, longing, crying and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. Dancing in the valley, crying in the lonely boat.
Su Zibi (Qi M 6533 guest said: "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. Miao Shanchuan (liáo) is gloomy and dusty. Isn't this Meng Zhizhi who is trapped? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He is thousands of miles long, wearing a standard, drinking by the river and writing poems across the river, making him a hero in the world. Now he's safe! My son Yu Qiao and I are on top of (ZH incarnation), making friends with fish, shrimp and elk. A boat with a leaf, you can raise your hand and respect each other. Sending Mayflies (fú) and Mayflies (yóu) into the earth is simply a drop in the ocean. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I hate it. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things are infinite to me, so why envy them! Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible and inexhaustible treasures of the creator. My son and I are suitable. " So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, I don't know if the east is white.
translate
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my friends and I took a boat trip in Chibi. The breeze is blowing slowly, and the water on the river is calm. So I raised my glass and invited guests to drink together, reciting the sentences in The Moon is Out. After a while, the moon rises from Dongshan and hovers between Nandou and Altair. White fog hangs over the river, and the moonlight reflected by the river is connected with the sky. We let the reedlike boat float freely on the boundless river, how vast it is, like flying in the air with the wind, I don't know where it will stay; How elegant, as if she had become a fairy, flew away from the world and boarded a fairyland.
Drinking wine like this, I am happy to knock on the boat and sing. The lyrics say: "The oars of osmanthus wood and blue wood are beating the clear river, and the ship is facing the flowing waves." How deep, my feelings, looking up at the person I admire, he is in that distant place. "Friends who play the flute should play the flute according to the tune. The flute sounds like resentment, yearning, crying, pouring out, and the lingering sound is melodious, like a gentle line. Can make the dragon hidden in the abyss dance and the widow in the lonely boat sob.
I couldn't help but be moved. I adjusted my clothes, sat up straight and asked my friend, "Why is this (sad)?" The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is gloomy. Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? He captured Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, went down to the Yangtze River, battled thousands of miles, covered the sky with banners, sprinkled wine on the river to pay homage, and recited poems with guns. Originally, he was a hero. Where is he now? Besides, I am fishing and firewood with you in the middle of the river and on the sandbar, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends, driving a boat and toasting each other here. Like a ephemera, parasitic between heaven and earth, as small as a drop in the ocean, lamenting the shortness of my life and admiring the endless flowing water of the Yangtze River. I am willing to walk with the immortals and live with the bright moon. I know this is impossible to get easily, so I can only pin the sound of the flute on this sad autumn wind. "
I said, "Do you know water and the moon, too? (River water) always flows, but does not flow away; The moon is always round and round, but it doesn't increase or decrease after all. If we look at them from the changing side, then everything between heaven and earth has changed in less than a blink of an eye; If from their unchanging side, everything is as eternal as ours, why envy them? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner. If I don't have everything, I can't even get a little bit. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains become sounds to the ears and scenery to the eyes. No one can ban them and use them endlessly. This is an endless treasure of nature, and I can share it with you. " Hearing this, my friend smiled happily. Wash the glass and refill it. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are lying in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat with pillows, and before they knew it, the east was already bright.
To annotate ...
[1] This article was written by Su Shi when he was relegated to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082). Later, I wrote an essay on the same topic, which was called "Qianchibi Fu". 10 15 wrote "Houchibi Fu". Chibi: It is actually Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Locals also call it Red Cliff because its sound is close. Su Shi knew this and made a mistake, so he used scenery to express his embrace.
[2] Ren Xu: Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, five years old, Ren Xuren.
[3] Looking: After looking at the sun, it is the seventeenth day of the lunar calendar. Look, lunar calendar 15, lunar calendar 16.
[4] Xu: Slowly.
[5] Xing: Get up and do it.
[6] belongs to [zh ǔ]: pour wine, which is extended to persuade wine.
[7] Mingyue Poetry: refers to The Book of Songs, Chen Feng, Moonrise. See the bet.
[8] My Gentle Chapter: The first chapter of the poem "The Moon is Out" is: "The moon is bright, people are beautiful, Shu Yao corrects it, and I am worried." "Gentle correction" and "gentle and graceful" are the same.
[9] Shao Yan: It's been a while.
[10] Bullfighting: the names of the constellations, namely Dou Su (Southern Dou) and Niu Su.
[1 1] White dew: white water vapor. Hengjiang: Gaijiang.
[12] As long as a reed looks like it, the ship will be at a loss: let it float on the wide river. Longitudinal: Whatever. Reed: the metaphor of a boat. The Book of Songs Feng Wei He Guang: "Who is He Guang, a Hang Wei (Sailing)?" Go to. Ling: Over. Wan Qing: It describes that the river is very wide. At a loss, broad-minded.
Feng Xu defended the wind: he traveled in the air by wind. Feng: Pass "multiply", multiply. Virtual: space. Y: Drive.
[14] worldly independence: leaving the world and being detached and independent.
[15] feathering: Taoism calls immortals "feathering", which means they can soar after becoming immortals. Dengxian: Dengxian Wonderland.
[16] Buckling: Slap the ship's side to indicate the beat.
[17] Guiqiu (Zhao Zhao) Blue Paddle: Paddle made of orchids and Gui Xiang wood.
[18] Empty and bright: the moon reflects the water and the color is clear. Upstream: same as "upstream", upstream. Streamer: the moonlight shining on the water waves.
Powerful: a distant look.
[20] Beauty: a metaphor for a saint who longs for beauty.
[2 1] Depending on the song: according to the tone and beat of the song.
[22] resentment: sadness. Mu: Attachment.
[23] Aftersound: End. Curl: describes the long and soft sound.
[24] wisp: filament.
[25] Gully: a deep valley, which refers to the abyss here. The dragon hidden in the abyss dances for it.
[26] Divorced women: women living alone. Bai Juyi wrote a poem "The Lonely Merchant's Wife Cloud" in Pipa: "She is guarding an empty boat at the estuary, and the moon is cold around the cabin. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. " His poems are used here.
[27] Yan (Joe) Ran: Worry becomes discolored.
[28] Sitting in danger: Tidy up your skirt and sit down carefully.
[29] What is it? Why is the song so sad?
[30] The quotation is a poem in Cao Cao's Short Songs.
[3 1] Xiakou: The old city is now Wuchang, Hubei.
[32] Wuchang: Sun Yicheng County, Hubei Province today.
[33] Miao: children's "dazzling" (liáo Liao), surrounded.
[34] Depression: A lush appearance.
[35] Meng De's dilemma: It refers to the 13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (208), when Wu defeated Cao Cao's so-called 800,000 troops in Battle of Red Cliffs. Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu became a corps commander at the age of 24, and Wuzhong was called Zhou Lang.
[36] The above three sentences refer to Liu Cong's surrender to Cao Cao in the 13th year of Jian 'an, and Cao Jun's occupation of Jingzhou and Jiangling without fighting. Fang: When? Jingzhou: It governs eight counties including Nanyang, Jiangxia and Changsha, and is now around Hunan and Hubei. Jiangling: The capital of Jingzhou at that time, now the name of Hubei County.
[37] zhú lú Zhulu: The warships are connected in front and back. This refers to warships.
[38] Qi (shρ) wine: pour the wine.
[39] Shu said: Hold the spear horizontally.
[40] Partner: partner, used as a verb here. Elk: A kind of deer.
[4 1] flat boat (piān): small boat.
[42] Baozun: a wine vessel made of gourd. Well, gourd. Respect, through "respect", glass.
[43] Send: entrust. Mayfly: an insect, born near the water at the turn of summer and autumn, has a short life span of only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the brevity of life.
[44] Miao: small. The sea: the sea. This sentence means that human beings are extremely small between heaven and earth.
[45] For a while, the time is very short.
[46] Zhong Chang: As for forever.
[47] Sudden: Sudden.
[48] Aftersound: Aftersound refers to the sound of the flute. Very Thai: Autumn wind.
[49] The deceased is like this: "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han": "Zi Yue Chuan:' The deceased is like this, and he doesn't give up day and night. ""death: go. This means water.
[50] The lack of surplus means that the moon is round and short.
[5 1] pawn: finally. Fluctuation: increase or decrease.
[52] Zeng: modal adverb. Blink: The blink of an eye.
[53] Yes, it is. Creator: heaven and earth are natural. Tibetan burial: endless treasure.
[54] Eat: enjoy.
[55] Be more cautious: drink again.
[56] Vegetable core: meat dishes and fruits. It's already started.
[57] Messy: Messy.
[58] Sleep on each other's pillows.
[59] White: It is already white (referring to dawn).
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Classical Chinese knowledge induction
Function word induction
( 1)
What does reed do (auxiliary word, no real meaning) at a loss (auxiliary word, marker word after attribute)
Song (syllable auxiliary word) is based on Song (pronoun, not "Song").
The moment of mourning for my life (auxiliary word, independence) is not mine (auxiliary word, truth)
⑵ Yu
Perilla and guests are boating under the red cliff (preposition, now) and the moon rises in Dongshan (preposition, from)
This is not the trap of Meng De, but the legacy (preposition, quilt) resounds in the hate platform (preposition, give).
(3) Its
I don't know where it ends (pronoun, which means "a reed"), but its voice is full of wailing (pronoun, that).
What is it naturally (pronoun, meaning flute) that breaks Jingzhou (pronoun, meaning)
(4) and
I have been a great man for a long time, but now I am peaceful (conjunction, table turning point) and I am a friend of elk (conjunction, table juxtaposition)
What you hear is a sound (conjunction, meaning inheritance), flowing downstream to the east (conjunction, meaning modification)
Special sentence patterns
Ling Wanqing was at a loss.
What is this? (prepositional object)
Are you safe now? (prepositional object)
Sending (for example) a ephemera to the ground is a drop in the ocean. (Predicate ellipsis, ellipsis sentence)
Why envy! (prepositional object)
Is the creator's endless concealment (sentence)
The guest has oral sex.
Is it because Mende is trapped in Zhou Lang? -attributive postposition
What you know can't happen suddenly-reversal.
Flexible use of parts of speech
A gentle and graceful chapter (noun as verb, singing)
Strike the sky and trace the streamer (adjectives as nouns, clear waves in the moonlight)
Xiajiangling (noun used as verb to capture)
Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east.
Dance in the valley (the causative use of verbs makes ... dance)
Make friends with fish and shrimp, and make friends with elk.
There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
A drop in the ocean (adjective conative usage, take ... as a drop in the ocean)
Go east along the current (noun used as verb to go east)
My son and I are firewood in Zhu Jiang (noun as verb, fishing and chopping wood).
Common words
(1) because wine is a guest.
(2) The vast wind is empty-Feng Cheng.
(3) Mountains and rivers-dazzling
(4) For baa bottles, it is-informed.
polysemy
Hope: 1 July (fifteenth day of the first lunar month, noun)
Look west at the gorge (from afar, verb)
Length: 1 Holding the bright moon to the end (forever, adverb)
And so is death (growth, verb).
Ran: 1, its voice is purring (onomatopoeia suffix, indicating state)
What is it (therefore, a pronoun)
Yu: 1 perilla and the guest boating under the red cliff (middle, pronoun).
February rises above Dongshan (from, preposition)
This is not Meng Zhizhi trapped in (quilt, preposition)
So he drank the wine happily (therefore, this means that the latter thing follows the former thing, conjunction)
White: 1 Bailu Hengjiang (white, adjective)
I don't know the oriental white (bright, adjective).
Song: 1 Song My Fair Chapter (singing, verb)
2 Song Yue (lyrics, nouns)
Summarize (the tone or beat of a song, noun) by leaning on the song.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1 Wandering between bullfights (wandering: ancient meaning-the bright moon can't stay)
Modern meaning-people walking back and forth in one place)
(beauty: ancient meaning-people who admire in their hearts, which the ancients often used as a symbol of sages or a beautiful ideal.
Modern meaning-beautiful people)
3 Qing's blank (Ling: ancient meaning-crossing
This meaning-bullying)
My son Yu Qiao and I are above Zhu Jiang (son: ancient meaning-honorific terms for people, mostly men).
Imako)
conversion of part of speech
1 feather becomes immortal (feather: noun as adverbial)
2 Dancing Tibetan dumplings in the Valley (dance: verb-driven)
3. Cry for a lonely woman
4 Sitting in danger (masculine: adjective moving)
Black magpie flies south (south: noun as adverbial)
Looking west at Xiakou (west: noun as adverbial)
7 Xiajiangling (below: nouns as verbs)
Fishing and firewood are on the river (firewood: noun as verb)
9 Husband and wife fish and shrimp and friends elk (husband and wife, friends: noun conation)