Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were famous writers in the Tang Dynasty in China. They have created a large number of essays and made remarkable achievements. Both of them advocated the movement of ancient Chinese prose and the integration of literature and Taoism, and called it "Liu Han".
The Main Achievements of Liu Han
Han Yu is the leader of the ancient prose movement. The ancient prose movement is not only a modern prose against the stale style (46 Tang Dynasty), but more importantly, it is an attempt to revive the extremely declining Confucianism and overthrow Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, Han Yu's ancient prose is full of fighting spirit, and he is worthy of being a great writer and thinker. The Song Dynasty poet said that "Han takes poetry as poetry and Du uses poetry as literature, so it is not possible." Korean poetry, like ancient prose, is vast, showing the extreme of vigorous brushwork and rich thoughts. Korean poetry absorbed the essence of Li Bai and Du Fu and formed its own unique style. It can be said that Du Wen is not diligent, but it cannot be said that Korean poetry is not diligent. In the poem Diao Zhang Ji, Han Yu pointed out his experience in learning from Du Li. He said, "I would like to have two wings to catch and expel the eight famines. Sincere and sudden flow, all kinds of strange things enter my intestines. The stinger pulled out the whale's teeth and lifted the spoon to taste the syrup. I'm sweating. I don't want to be a weaver girl. Grain Rain is a friend on the ground and his business is not too busy. " The phrase "sincerity suddenly leads to flow, and strange things come into my intestines" shows that the spirit of Chinese poetry and poetry is integrated, and management is not too busy, but it is naturally suitable. The dramatic change in North Korean poetry is mainly due to Li Bai's harsh statutes. Du Fu criticized Du Li's theory of merits and demerits (represented by Yuan Zhen) in his poem Tiao Zhang Ji, saying, "I don't know all fools, and it's useless to slander. Mayflies shake trees, which is ridiculous. " If you don't learn and don't understand, it's easy to be partial to Li.
Han Yu was a master of hard poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty, just as Bai Juyi was a master of popular poetry. There are many famous poets in the school of Korean poetry, and the most authors are Zhang Ji, Meng Jiao, Jia Dao, Fan Zongshi, Lutong, Li Ao, Li He and others. When Zhang Ji was in Tang Dezong, he became a scholar, which attracted Han Yu's attention. Han Yu's "Drunken Poems Written by Secretary Zhang" says, "Zhang Ji learns from the past, but he avoids chickens." Zhang Jishi said, "I beg you to fly to eat and drink, and be arrogant with me". Han Yu admitted that Zhang Jishi studied under Du Li and had the same achievements as himself, so he could go to Qi Fei. The so-called "learning from the past" means that Zhang Shi is good at Yuefu and takes ancient Yuefu as the topic. Among them, "light" means clear words, which need no carving. Zhang Jihe Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen sang together. Poetry is popular, but it is different from Bai Yuan's poems, so there is a saying of "publicizing peace and avoiding chickens". Such as "Wild Old Songs": "The old peasants live in the deep mountains and cultivate three or four acres of farmland. Miao and Shu taxes can't be eaten, and the official warehouse is turned into soil. At the end of the year, hoe the plow and close the empty room, shouting to climb the mountain and collect acorns. Xijiang Jiake bamboo is full of flowers, and the dogs on board eat meat. " This artistic conception is also derived from learning. Han Yu spoke highly of his poems. The poem "Give Zhang Eighteen Diseases" said: "Long Wen has a hundred ding, but the pen can bear it alone." Zhang's poems are often lost when he talks too much, so we should refer to this in his writing style.
In literature, Liu Zongyuan is as famous as Han Yu, the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and is one of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties".
His works are rich and can be divided into five categories: prose, fable, biography, landscape and poetry, each with its own characteristics.
The main achievements are in prose, including Three Commandments and Biography of the Slug.
Liu Zongyuan attaches great importance to the content of the article, and advocates that the text should be used and the Tao should benefit the country and the people, which is practical. He attaches importance to the social function of literature and emphasizes that literature should be beneficial to the world. He advocates the perfect combination of ideological content and artistic form, points out that writing must be serious and emphasizes the importance of writers' moral cultivation. He admired the articles of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and proposed to learn from Confucian classics, Zhuangzi, Laozi, Li Sao and Historical Records. And learn from it, thinking that it can be used by me, but don't give up eating because of choking. In terms of poetic theory, he inherited the tradition that Liu Xie advocated Bi Xing and Chen Ziang advocated Ji Xing. It is consistent with Bai Juyi's proposition about satirical poems in the Yuan zaju Jiushu. His poetry theory represented the progressive tendency of the literary movement at that time.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, which have not broken away from the habits of parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, but there are also masterpieces like Yunsuiyang Temple Monument in Antarctica. Ancient prose can be roughly divided into five categories.