1. What are the genres of writing?
Stylistic knowledge includes common sense in four aspects: narrative, argumentative, expository, and practical.
(1) Narrative is a literary style that uses narration and description as its main expressions, and its main content is to remember people, narratives, scenes, and objects. 1. Classification of narratives (1) Based on content and expression methods: ① Simple narratives ② Complex narratives (2) Based on different writing objects: ① Narratives that focus on describing people ② Narratives that focus on narrative ③ Narratives that focus on describing scenes Narratives: ④ Narratives that focus on objects (2). Expository essays use description as the main expression, and are used to introduce or explain the status, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, and causes, merits and demerits of things. a style of writing.
1. The classification of expository texts is divided into ① explanatory texts about physical things ② explanatory texts about affairs ③ scientific essays according to the way of language expression ① plain expository texts ② literary expository texts 2. Characteristics of expository texts (1) Content It has a high degree of scientific nature (2) It has clear organization in structure (3) It has strict accuracy in language (3) Practical essay Practical essay is a kind of practical essay that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format. Short, concise and practical style. 1. Types of practical writing (1) General letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolence, letters of introduction, open letters, letters of certification, applications, proposals, proposals, letters of appointment), telegrams, remittances ( 2) Note-type diaries and reading notes (3) Official documents such as notices, bulletins, reports (investigation reports, scientific reports), requests for instructions, plans, summaries, meeting minutes (4) Publicity-type advertisements, speeches, blackboards, news, and communications , product instructions (5) notices, posters (6) etiquette invitations, congratulatory messages (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, letters of condolence, (7) deed-type receipts (receipts, IOUs, collars, IOUs, leave requests) , message notes, etc.), contracts (agreements), conventions, (8) biographies, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history) (4) Argumentative essays Argumentative essays use argumentation as the main method and use facts , a common style of writing that directly expresses the author's views and opinions.
(1) Argumentative papers are classified according to content and purpose: ①General political papers ②Comments ③Essays (essays, talks, notes) ④Reflections are divided according to the argument method: ①Thesis ②Refutation thesis 2 , Literary genre (also known as literary style) Literary genre refers to the four major literary styles of poetry, prose, drama, and novels. (1) Poetry is the earliest literary style that appeared in human society (2) Prose refers to a literary genre alongside poetry, drama, and novels (1) Types of prose ① Narrative prose: to record people and narrate Prose mainly based on narrative (mainly narrative and with lyrical elements) ② Lyrical prose: prose mainly expressing the author's feelings ③ Argumentative prose: prose mainly focusing on reasoning (3) Novels Novels center on shaping the character image , a literary genre that reflects social life through complete storylines and specific environmental descriptions.
(4) Other genres (1) Fairy tales: a genre of children’s literature (2) Fables: stories with persuasion or satire (3) Myths (4) Folktales (5) ) Legend (6) Memoir (5), Drama.
2. What are the genres of articles and what are the methods of expression?
Styles are divided into article genres and literary genres.
Among them, the article genres are: narrative, expository, argumentative, practical, and speech. Literary genres: poetry, novels, drama, prose.
As far as the writing methods of articles are concerned, there are mainly the following five expressions: narration, explanation, discussion, description, and lyrical narration. Narration is the most basic and common way of expression in writing. It is the author's The narration and explanation of the character's experience and the development and change process of events, as well as the transformation of scenes and spaces, are widely used in writing articles. It is mainly a way of expressing the character's experience and the development and change process of things. . It is the most basic, common and important way of expression in writing.
For details, please refer to the entry narrative. Descriptive description is a way of expression that depicts the appearance and mood of the description object (including psychological description, language description, action description, expression description, appearance description, detail description, environment description, scene description, etc.) and reproduces it to the reader.
Use vivid and vivid language to describe the specific characteristics of the characters, actions, or the state of the scene. Generally divided into character description or scene description.
It is one of the main modes of expression in narrative, especially in literary creation. In general lyrical, argumentative, and expository writing, it is sometimes used as an auxiliary means.
If the description technique is well used, it can be lifelike and vivid, making readers feel like seeing the person, hearing their voice, and being there, and receive a strong artistic infection from it. Lyricism is to express and express the author's feelings.
Specifically refers to a type of literary activity that uses formalized discourse organization to symbolically express personal inner emotions. It is opposite to narrative and has the characteristics of subjectivity, personalization and poetry. As a special way of literary reflection, lyricism mainly reflects the spiritual aspect of social life, and achieves freedom of the soul through the aesthetic transformation of reality in consciousness.
Lyricism is the dialectical unity of personality and sociality, as well as the dialectical unity of emotional release, emotional structure, and aesthetic creation. It is the main expression method in lyrical style, and is often used as an important auxiliary expression method in general literary works and narratives.
Discussing means that the author expresses his opinions on a certain object of discussion to express his own opinions and attitudes. Expressing one's own views and opinions on people or things by telling facts, reasoning, etc., usually with a strong subjective color.
Its function is to make the article clear, profound, and have strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative essays, it is the main mode of expression; in general narratives, expository essays or literary works, it is often used as an auxiliary means of expression.
Explanation is an expression that uses concise and concise words to clearly explain the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships, functions, etc. of things. Some of the objects to be explained are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, plants, stationery, buildings, utensils, etc.; some are abstract principles, such as thoughts, consciousness, cultivation, opinions, concepts, principles, techniques, etc. 3. What is the genre of an article?
The genre of an article is called literary style.
It is divided into four categories:
(1) Argumentative essay
< p> (2) Narrative essay(3) Lyrical essay
(4) Practical essay
Types and methods of essays
Argumentative essay
There are two types of argumentative essays:
(1) Argumentative essays
Express your own opinions and criticize others' opinions
See, with the purpose of persuading others.
(2) Explanatory text
Explain things, explain the meaning, and make people understand
A type of matter or phenomenon Article.
How to write narratives
(1)_Use narrative as the main expression.
(2)_Use to record people, events, and scenes, Objects are the main content.
(3)_ Present the central idea by describing characters, events and objects, and describing scenes
(4)_ Mainly narrative method, combined with various other expression methods
including:
Normal narrative
Flashback narrative
Special narrative
Normal narrative
Follow the order of events without reversing the time.
Flashback narrative
First To explain the results and reasons, first talk about the current situation
and then talk about the past.
This kind of narrative allows people to understand it in just one reading
The purpose of.
Special narrative
Specially describe the most exciting part, or the central
part of an event.
The practice of lyric writing
Any style of writing that expresses the emotions felt by the soul through words
A style of writing.
It can be roughly divided into three types :
Feelings are beyond words: I have a lot of feelings in my heart, and I also write ten points in my pen.
It is an ideal lyrical essay.
Feelings are beyond words: I have something in my heart. I feel very much, so I only write 70-80% in my writing.
If there is no suggestion, then the words fail to convey the meaning.
The words are overflowing with emotion: I feel 70-80% in my heart, but my writing does not express it. Write ten points,
There is no real feeling, so you should take warning.
Practice of practical writing
Used for social or all practical articles, such as letters. < /p>
(2) Letters are usually divided into three parts:
Beginning: title, title, and greetings.
Text: the body of the letter.
Ending: Speech, signature, month and day.
Based on the above composition style
Draw a perfect ending to this off-campus teaching
< /p>
One essay:
(1) Customized essay title
(2) No limit on word count
(3) No limit on style 4. What are the types of articles?
Stylistic knowledge includes common sense in four aspects: narrative, argumentative, expository, and practical.
(1) Narrative
It is a literary style that uses narration and description as its main expressions, and its main content is to record people, narratives, scenes, and objects.
1. Classification of narratives
(1) According to content and expression methods:
①Simple narratives
②Complex narratives< /p>
(2) According to the different writing objects:
① Narratives that mainly write about people
②Narratives that focus on narratives
③Narratives mainly describing scenes:
④Narratives mainly focusing on objects
(2) Explanatory writings
Using description as the main mode of expression, A style of writing used to introduce or explain the status, nature, structure, function, production method, development process and events of things
The causes, merits and demerits.
1. Classification of explanatory texts
According to the description object (content)
①Explanatory text of physical things
②Explanatory text of affairs
③Scientific essays
Divided into language expressions
①Plain expository essays
②Literary expository essays
2. Expository essays Characteristics
(1) Highly scientific in content
(2) Clear and organized in structure
(3) Rigorous in language Accuracy
(3) Practical writing
Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, has a certain format, is short, concise and popular.
1. Types of practical writing
(1) Letters
General letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolences, letters of introduction, open letters , letters of certification, applications, proposals, proposals,
letters of appointment), telegrams, remittances
(2) Notes
Diaries, reading notes
(3) Official documents
Notices, briefings, reports (investigation reports, scientific reports), requests for instructions, plans, summaries, meeting minutes
(4) Publicity
Advertisements, speeches, blackboards, news, communications, product manuals
(5) Announcements
Enlightenment, posters
< p> (6) EtiquetteInvitations, greetings (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, letters of condolence,
(7) Deeds
Notes ( Receipt, IOU, collar note, IOU, leave note, message note, etc.), contract (agreement), convention,
(8) Biographies
Biography, local chronicles, Family history (school history, village history)
(4) Argumentative essays
Argumentative essays use argumentation as the main method to directly express the author’s views and opinions through facts and reasoning. A common style of advocacy.
(1) Classification of argumentative papers
According to content purpose:
①General political papers
②Comments
p>③Essays (essays, talks, notes)
④Reflections after reading
According to the argument method:
①Thesis
< p> ②Refutation of thesis2. Literary genre (also known as literary style)
Literary genre refers to the four major literary styles of poetry, prose, drama and novels.
(1) Poetry
is the earliest literary style in human society
(2) Prose
refers to A literary genre alongside poetry, drama, and novels
(1) Types of prose
①Narrative prose: prose that focuses on recording people and narration (with narrative as the main (mainly contains both lyrical elements)
②Lyric prose: prose that mainly expresses the author’s emotions
③Argumentative prose: prose that focuses on reasoning
(3) Novel
Novel is a literary genre that focuses on character creation and reflects social life through complete storylines and specific environmental descriptions.
(4) Other genres
(1) Fairy tale: a genre of children’s literature
(2) Fable: persuasive or satirical Stories
(3) Fairy tales
(4) Folk stories
(5) Legends
(6) Memoirs
p>(5) Drama 5. There are several genres of primary school composition
There are many kinds.
Including: narrative, lyrical, argumentative, explanatory, and practical writing.
(1) Narrative: It is a literary style that uses narration and description as its main expressions, and its main content is to remember people, narratives, scenes, and objects.
1. Classification of narratives
(1) According to content and expression methods:
①Simple narratives
②Complex narratives< /p>
(2) According to the different writing objects:
① Narratives that mainly write about people
②Narratives that focus on narratives
③Narratives mainly describing scenes:
④Narratives mainly focusing on objects
(2) Explanatory text: using description as the main expression, used to introduce or explain things A literary style that describes the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process and causes, merits and demerits of events.
1. Classification of explanatory texts
According to the description object (content)
①Explanatory text of physical things
②Explanatory text of affairs
③Scientific essays
Divided into language expressions
①Plain expository essays
②Literary expository essays
2. Expository essays Characteristics
(1) Highly scientific in content
(2) Clear and organized in structure
(3) Rigorous in language Accuracy
(3) Practical writing
Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, has a certain format, is short, concise and popular.
1. Types of practical writing
(1) Letters
General letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolences, letters of introduction, open letters , letters of certification, applications, proposals, proposals,
Letters of appointment), telegrams, remittances
(2) Notes< /p>
Diary, reading notes
(3) Official documents
Orders, decisions, announcements, notifications, notifications, notifications, proposals, reports, requests for instructions, approvals, opinions , letters, meeting minutes, etc.
(4) Promotional categories
Advertisements, speeches, blackboard newspapers, news, communications, product manuals
( 5) Announcements
Enlightenment, posters
(6) Etiquette
Invitations, congratulatory messages (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, letters of condolence,
(7) Deeds
Receipts (receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs, leave notes, message notes, etc.), contracts (agreement), conventions,
< p> (8) BiographiesBiography, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history)
(4) Argumentative essays
Argumentative essays It is a common style that uses argument as the main method to directly express the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning.
(1) Classification of argumentative papers
According to content purpose:
①General political papers
②Comments
p>③Essays (essays, talks, notes)
④Reflections after reading
According to the argument method:
①Thesis
< p> ②Refutation of thesis 6. What are the genres of articlesArticle genres can be divided into: narrative, expository, argumentative, and practical, and can also be divided into: poetry, prose, novels, and drama.
Generally speaking, people divide the genre of articles into four categories: narrative, argumentative, lyrical, and practical. Now they are explained as follows:
(1) Narrative: Narrative is the collective name of narrative and narrative. Narrative writing, also called narrative writing, is an article that describes what a person saw, heard, or imagined, as well as the shape, color, state, scene, nature, utility, and method of people, places, or things. Narrative writing, also called narrative writing, is an article that describes the actions and changes of characters or things to let people know the facts.
(2) Argumentative essay: Argumentative essay includes expository essay and argumentative essay.
An expository essay is an article that explains things, clarifies things, analyzes cause and effect, and explains meaning, so that people can know things, things, or cause-and-effect knowledge; an argumentative essay is an article that expresses one's own opinions, criticizes other people's opinions, and lists reasons and examples to establish one's own opinions and make them Articles with the purpose of convincing others.
(3) Lyrical writing: Any writing that expresses personal emotions, such as joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, evil, desire, and subtle emotions, such as sadness, depression, tranquility, excitement, etc. The article is called a lyrical article.
(4) Practical writing: All texts and documents written by people in order to deal with public and private matters in their daily lives are practical writings. Common practical texts include: letters, diaries, notes, official documents, contracts, invitations, notices, couplets, etc. 7. What are the types of essay genres?
The three elements of argumentative essays: arguments, arguments and demonstrations (clear arguments, solid arguments, rigorous demonstrations) 1. Characteristics of arguments: ① correct ② clear Methods of summarizing arguments: 1. Title 2. Beginning of the article 3. End 4. Middle: ① Infer the argument by summarizing the most common points of the arguments ② Summarizing words embody the sentence of the central argument (for example: From this we can see that I Think; in short...) ③ First find the topic of the article, then find similar decisive words that appear repeatedly in the article based on the topic, merge similar items, and finally summarize.
Note: The sentence of the inductive argument must be a complete and clear affirmative sentence. 2. Arguments Factual arguments (such as real events, historical facts, statistical materials, specific figures, etc.) Theoretical arguments: (including generally accepted principles, formulas, definitions, rules, laws, famous sayings, etc.)
The main points of the inductive argument: ** people + how to do it (aspects closely related to the argument) + results Note: There may be some quotations that are not famous quotes, but specific facts, which are factual arguments. 3. Argumentation methods and their functions: Example argumentation (case argumentation), quotation argumentation (principal argumentation), metaphorical argumentation, contrastive argumentation (positive and negative contrastive argumentation).
1. Illustration method (presenting facts): specific and typical to fully prove a certain argument. 2. Quotation method (reasoning): What is quoted to prove a certain argument and make the argument persuasive.
3. Metaphorical evidence (reasoning): vividly illustrate a certain argument, making the reasoning more understandable. 4. Contrast method (reasoning): Through comparison, a certain argument is highlighted to make the reasoning more clear.
4. Analyze the expression method of argumentative essays 1. Narratives in argumentative essays are often very general, and their function is to use facts to prove a certain point of view or proposition. 2. There are sometimes vivid descriptions in argumentative essays, whose function is to prove a certain point of view more vividly and vividly.
3. The lyricism in the discussion will make the discussion more contagious and more popular. 5. Language characteristics of argumentative essays: rigorous and accurate 6. Argumentation methods: establishing arguments and refutations 7. Argumentation structure: raising questions (introduction) - analyzing the problem (thesis) - solving the problem (conclusion).
Narrative 1. Common narrative clues 1. Character clues: the characters’ experiences, experiences or deeds 2. Object clues: an item with special significance. 3. Emotional clues: the changes in thoughts and feelings of the author or the main characters in the work.
4. Event clues: central event 5. Time clues 6. Location change clues. Find clues: ①The title of the article ②Things that appear repeatedly in each paragraph ③The lyrical sentences in the article ④The author's thoughts and feelings (changes) ) ⑤ The role of a certain character’s knowledge and experience: the content of the article is put together in an orderly manner, the character’s thoughts and character, and the ins and outs of things. 2. Narrative order 1. Sequential narration: that is, write in the order of the occurrence, development and ending of things (chronologically).
Function: Make the article clear, beginning and end, giving people a clear impression. 2. Flashback: Write what happened later in the front, and then narrate it in order.
Function: Avoid straightforward narration, enhance the vividness of the article, and make the article fascinating. 3. Narration: During the narrative process, due to the needs of the content, the original plot narrative is interrupted, relevant plots or events are inserted, and then the original narrative is continued.
(For example: recalling past events) Function: to supplement and highlight the central content of the article (characters or events), enrich the plot, and deepen the theme. 3. Character description methods 1. Portrait (appearance) description [including demeanor description] (describing the character’s appearance, clothing, expression, posture, etc.): explaining the character’s identity, status, situation, experience and *Mental state, **thought and personality, etc.
2. Language (dialogue) description 3. Action (action) description: The image vividly expresses the character’s psychological (mood) and reflects the character’s personality characteristics or spiritual quality. . Sometimes it also promotes the development of the plot.
4. Psychological description: The image vividly reflects the character's thoughts and reveals the character's character or quality. 4. Environment description: description of the natural environment and social environment. Describe the natural environment (describe natural landscapes such as weather, seasons, mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, etc.): render the atmosphere of the environment, highlight the emotions of the characters, and foreshadow the emotions of the characters. Destiny drives the development of the storyline.
Social environment (describing social conditions or scenes of character activities and the surrounding (indoor) layout and furnishings): explaining the background of the era in which the story takes place, and rendering the atmosphere of the environment. 5. Analysis of the meaning of words or sentences in the narrative 1. Analyze the meaning of the words in combination with the specific context (that is, specific sentences, paragraphs, articles, contexts).
2. Pay attention to the emotion of the word (praise, derogation, neutrality), and understand the original meaning, extended meaning, metaphorical meaning, polysemy, etc. of the word. 3. Pay attention to the tone or intonation.
4. Focus on the matching of words and sentences. 5. Focus on the size and severity of word meaning range.
6. Pay attention to the implication (for example: explore the ontology or the symbolic meaning of things in the metaphorical sentence, and express it in plain language). 6. The function of the opening sentence of the narrative: 1. To introduce the topic at the beginning; 2. To summarize the whole text; 3. To trigger the following and pave the way for the following.
4. Set up suspense and arouse readers’ interest or thinking. 5. Paving the way for the following** 7. The function of the middle sentences in the narrative 1. The transitional role of connecting the previous and the following; 2. The end of the paragraph serves as a summary; (summarizing the above; leading to the following) 3. Paving the way for the following** 4. Pave the way for the following plot 5. Promote the development of the plot 8. The role of the closing sentence of the narrative 1. Point the ** topic at the end of the chapter; 2. Summarize the full text and deepen the ** center; 3. Echo the beginning and the end; 4. Point out* *Center, sublimation theme; 5. It is thought-provoking, enlightening and endlessly memorable.
6. Topics 7. Echoes before and after 8. Echoes from beginning to end 9. The role of sentences in conveying expressions 1. Exaggerating the atmosphere 2. Highlighting the character’s personality (emotions) 3. Pointing out the center (Reveal the main idea) 4. Highlight the theme (deepen the center) 10. Summarize the central meaning of the narrative 1. Find the title of the article; the lyrical argumentative sentences at the beginning and end of the paragraph. 2. Connect and summarize the main ideas of the main paragraphs of the article, and then point out the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, etc. expressed by the author.
(Especially in lyrical prose) 3. We can also analyze it from the background of the times. 4. Judge from the author’s attitude towards characters or things.
11. Summarize the meaning of the paragraph (1) Syntax excerpt: Find the central sentence in the text as the meaning of the paragraph (sometimes it must be in the middle. 8. What are the literary genres
Literary genres are roughly divided into There are four categories: novels, poems, prose, and dramas
1; Novels can use words to shape, depict and describe characters, events and plots in detail.
2; Poetry is also a genre that uses words to express emotions, but it has format and rhyme requirements. It can be recited, chanted, and sung.
The main feature of prose is that thoughts can be reined in. Gallop freely, but it is required to be scattered but not dispersed, and the central idea is not scattered or wandering.
4. The characteristics of drama are mainly based on the actors' singing, speaking, acting, fighting, expressions and body language. Methods to depict and express characters, events, and plots
The above are just for reference.