Hong Fei is potential and charming, which sounds far away. Clouds are ashamed of Yunfu, and rivers are deep. It is difficult to enter morality and wisdom, but it is difficult to return to the field. Poor sea, lying empty forest. I was lying on the pillow, ignorant of the season and climate, and I took a temporary peek. Listen to the waves with your ears pricked up, and look at the embedded place with your eyes raised. At the beginning of the scene, the wind direction changed, and the new sun became old and cloudy. Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds. Qiqi hurts the song and feels the sound of Chu. It is easier to live forever than to live alone. Holding exercises is not unique to ancient times, and there is no sign of boredom today.
Xie Lingyun (385-433), a native of Chen County (now Taikang County, Henan Province) in the Southern Dynasties, lived in Huiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) and was the grandson of Xie Xuan, the Prime Minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After Xie Xuan's death, Xie Lingyun, who was only eighteen years old, attacked the Duke of Le Kang. In 420, after Song Wudi replaced the Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun demoted Qi Huangong to Hou, and successively held the posts of Yongjia Taishou and Linchuan Literature and History, but they were not reused, so they were dissatisfied with Liu Song. Yuanjia was killed for treason for ten years.
This poem was written in the early spring of 423. Chishanglou is in Yongjia County (now Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Xie Lingyun was appointed as the prefect of Yongjia from July to August in the third year of Longshan in Song Wudi (422) to July and August in the first year of Emperor Jingping. This poem is about what the poet saw and felt when he went upstairs after a long illness.
This poem has three meanings. The first sentence begins with "lying empty forest", which expresses the frustration of officialdom.
The first four sentences are: a dragon hides in the water and appreciates its graceful posture, but I am ashamed that I can't hide in the abyss like a dragon; The geese fly very high and spread their voices far away, but I am ashamed that I can't fly into the sky like the geese. The poet has been demoted many times, and it is inevitable that there will be resentment and jealousy in his heart. However, they can't transcend the secular world like Qiu and Yan, and the resentment of officialdom frustration will follow. The next four sentences describe their predicament in detail, and the frustration is beyond words: I want to study in Germany and improve my moral cultivation, but my intelligence is too low to achieve it; Abandoning the throne and living in seclusion, the strength is not good; Now I'm an official at this remote seaside, ill in bed, and all I see in winter are dry branches. The poet can't get in, can't get out, can't stop thinking, is restless, and has many inner contradictions, so he is full of complaints.
The second level, from "I don't know the season and climate" to "I feel deeply about Chu Ci", describes the scenery I saw from a distance and its associations. Because the poet has been lying in bed with a pillow for a long time, he doesn't know the change of seasons. When he lifted the curtain, he saw a scene of early spring: he listened to the surge of spring tide and looked up at the mountains rising into the clouds. The sunshine in early spring eliminated the afterglow of the cold wind. The new spring drove away the severe winter. Young grass grows by the pond, and all kinds of birds sing softly on the willows in the garden. The poet is almost like a master painter. He combines water, mountains, sun, wind, grass, willows and birds in his poems, and depicts an early spring scene with spring back to the earth, prosperity and abundant business. These six sentences describing the scenery are paired into three groups, and the sentence patterns of the antithesis are also rich in changes. "Listen to the sound of the waves, lift your eyes and look up at the place" is the working pair of two verb-object phrases in a serial sentence. "First scene" and "Xinyang" sentences are working pairs of subject-predicate sentences; "Pond" and "Garden Willow" are a wide range of subject-predicate sentence pairs. These six sentences describe six scenes and describe them from different angles. Write about water and birds, from the perspective of sound; Write the spring grass in the distant mountains, from the morphological point of view; Write the first act and the mood wind, from the perspective of cold and warm; Write "new yang" and "old yin" from the perspective of seasons. These six sentences are rich and delicate in language; The scenery is clear; The artistic conception is beautiful and profound. As the saying goes, joy begets sorrow and is overjoyed. After describing everything in the early spring, the poet actually hurt the spring: "Qi Qi" and "Yuzhong" are two words. "Qiqi" is too numerous to mention. A "song of prayer" is a poem of prayer. Qin, an ancient name, is located in the west of Diandi County in Shaanxi Province. Here refers to the poem "Spring comes late, flowers are numerous, women are sad, and children are almost at the same time" in The Book of Songs, Wind in July. "lush", lush vegetation. "Songs of the South" refers to "Songs of the South invite hermits", in which there is a poem "Wang Sun wanders away, spring grass grows flowers". Seeing the lush spring grass reminds people of the poem "Picking countless Qi Qi", which is sad because of homesickness; It also reminds people of the poem "Spring grass grows and grows", and it is even more sad because I can't go home. When the poet looked into the distance, the beauty of spring not only did not dispel the frustration and troubles of officialdom, but increased his infinite grief and sadness. It turns out that the real meaning of the poet's description of spring scenery is to write sadness with joy and multiply sadness with sadness.
The third layer is the last four sentences, expressing homesickness. It means: living alone, I feel that the days are too long and the loneliness without friends is unbearable. Can only the ancients adhere to the moral integrity of seclusion? I can live in seclusion today without getting bored. "No annoyance" comes from "Gan Yi Gua", in which there is a saying of "no annoyance in seclusion", which means that a hermit does not seek fame, but avoids the world with all his heart and has nothing to worry about. The poet's allusions here are naturally appropriate, so that people are not aware of their allusions and it is difficult to distinguish them from realism.
This poem writes complex and changeable feelings, just like the waves of the sea, one after another, making the whole article full of waves. Emotional injustice is an important condition of "literary injustice". On the whole, the tone of this poem is gloomy. The first eight sentences are full of complaints about the frustration of the officialdom, giving people a sense of oppression that "the mountains are heavy and the waters are suspicious, and there is no way out, and there is another village." The ninth to eighteenth sentences of writing spring scenery in ink seem to be that the poet is immersed in spring scenery, and it seems to bring people to the wonderful situation of "another bright future village". Poets want to have fun in suffering, add bitterness in suffering, and add sorrow in sorrow; It expresses the feeling of hurting spring and sends the theory of seclusion. The whole poem is full of emotion and change. Such complicated thoughts and feelings can be expressed in a short poem. If you don't write them together, how can you do it!