Gift (zèng) Liu (liú) Jing (jǐng) Wen (wén)
Song (sòng) Su (sū) Shi (shì)
Lotus (hé) finish (jìn) already (yǐ) without (wú) hold (qíng) rain (yǔ) cover (gài),
Chrysanthemum (jú) residual (cán) still (yóu) have (yǒu) ) Ao (ào) frost (shuāng) branch (zhī).
One (yī) year (nián) good (hǎo) scene (jǐng) jun (jūn) must (xū) remember (jì),
most (zuì) is (shì) ) orange (chéng) yellow (huáng) orange (jú) green (lǜ) time (shí).
1. Translation
The lotus has withered and even the lotus leaves that hold up the rain have withered. Only the flower branches of the chrysanthemums that have failed are still proud of the cold and frost.
You must remember the best scenery of the year, that is in late autumn and early winter when oranges are golden and green.
2. Notes
⑴Liu Jingwen: Liu Jisun, courtesy name Jingwen, Gong Shi, was the Supervisor of the Military and Horse Command of Zhejiang and Zhejiang at that time and was stationed in Hangzhou. Su Shi regarded him as a national scholar, recommended him to the public, and rewarded his contacts with poems.
⑵The lotus is exhausted: the lotus has withered, withered and withered. Qing: Lift, lift up. Rain cover: formerly known as umbrella, the poem refers to the way a lotus leaf stretches.
⑶Chrysanthemum residue: chrysanthemums wither. Judah: Still. Aoshuang: Not afraid of frost and cold, strong and unyielding.
⑷jun: originally refers to the ancient king, and later generally refers to the honorific title for men, you. Things to remember: Must remember.
⑸Exactly: a work that is "the most". Orange-yellow-orange-green time: refers to the time when oranges turn yellow, and when oranges turn yellow and are still green, it refers to the end of autumn and the beginning of winter in the lunar calendar.
3. Creation background
This poem was written in the early winter of 1090 (the fifth year of Yuanyou). At that time, Su Shi was working in Hangzhou, and Liu Jisun, who was the military supervisor of the two Zhejiang provinces, was also there. The two had a close relationship and a deep deal. On the one hand, the poet regarded Liu Jingwen as a national scholar and recommended him with the "Liu Jisun Zhuang for Begging for Promotion"; on the other hand, he gave this poem to encourage him. (Liu Jisun was already 58 years old when Su Shi presented this poem, so he inevitably felt twilight.)
4. Appreciation
This poem was written in early winter. The first sentence is written with dry lotus. The lotus emerged from the mud without being stained, which was originally a symbol of noble quality. However, by the end of autumn, only the remaining stems of the lotus in the pond were left, and not even the dead leaves were left. It was indeed a lonely place. In the past, Li Jing wrote "Shanhuazi", the first line of which goes: "The fragrance of lotus leaves sells for the remaining green leaves." Wang Guowei said, "There is a feeling of 'Congfang is filthy' and 'Beauty is late'." The first line of this poem by Su Shi , almost worse than that. The husband left a withered lotus, but he could still listen to the rain, but when he got closer, there were no dead leaves on it, and it was extremely rusty. However, the author sighs and laments in only this sentence. The second sentence stirs up the pen and turns to "the chrysanthemums are still with proud frost branches." Although the dying chrysanthemum and the withered lotus are both in decaying scenes, the three characters "Aoshuangzhi" are used to describe Qiu Ju's aloofness and chastity. It seems to be intertextual with the first sentence of the antithesis. , echoing each other; the fact is that the focus is on the word "arrogance". The "cover" in "Qingyu" is literal, but the lotus leaves like the umbrella canopy are all gone; while the "Ao" in the "branch" of "Aoshuang" uses empathy to express the meaning of the chrysanthemum. The inner spirit shows people an indomitable spirit. This is deeper and improved than the first sentence. The third sentence is simply ridiculous. Everyone suffers from the bleak autumn wind and the cold winter, but the author praises it as "a good year" and earnestly instructs "you must remember". This is really a plain and ordinary language. People feel unexpectedly; as for the ending of the sentence, if there is no way to save it, the whole poem will end in an anticlimax. The author writes from flowers to branches, from branches and leaves to fruits. The so-called "it is the time when the oranges and oranges are green" refers to the season when golden autumn has passed and everything is harvested. "Oranges, oranges and greens" present a bustling scene again. In the dull and desolate background of the first two sentences, a dazzling and emotional color suddenly appeared, which really made people suspect that it was a stroke of genius. However, apart from using a few plant names and a few simple and bright colors, the author has no other words about branches and vines, which gives the author a sense of solidity, calmness and beauty. The ancients said: "Love changes with circumstances." The wonderful thing about Dongpo is that it can use the scenery to empathize with people and transform the waning early winter into a golden and emerald green. Although the brushwork is elegant and gentle, it is full of endless vitality. Writing about winter scenery can turn the withered and scattered into plump and rich. It cannot be achieved without a virtuous person like Dongpo Cheng.
However, this poem was written by Dongpo as a gift to Liu Jingwen. Liu Gu, a son of a noble family, lived in poverty all his life. He was nearly sixty years old and his life was still in jeopardy. The author went to Hangzhou to serve as an official for the second time and fell in love with Liu at first sight. I sympathize with his sorrow, but also hope that he will cheer up and not continue to be depressed due to old age, illness and poverty. As far as the first sentence of this poem is concerned, the lotus is likened to a gentleman; and it is the end of the year, and the lotus has withered leaves, which is a metaphor for a gentleman who is not born at the right time, and will inevitably lose his way. There is no deficiency in his old age, and he still has the appearance of Ling Shuang and proud snow. But in old age, coupled with a lifetime of frustration, people can't help but think more about depression and decadence; but for scholars, especially those with ideals and ambitions, there is also a side of harvesting mulberry leaves and getting a good harvest. Therefore, the poet encouraged and supported Liu Xu with three or four sentences, making Liu realize that there is still a lot to do in the future.
"Orange, orange and green" is the most mature period of life, which makes Liu not only see the side of the lotus withered leaves, but also the side of Aoshuangxue resisting the severe cold and harvesting fruits. I hope he can cheer up and persevere. Go down. It's just that the poet purely used metaphorical techniques and did not express his original intention directly.
Dongpo was fifty-five years old when he wrote this poem. Of course, he could not predict that he would be exiled to Hainan in the near future. However, he has always been open-minded and optimistic, advocating that we should adapt to changes in the external environment in many aspects and not become depressed due to old age. However, this poem can also be regarded as a portrayal of the poet's own life. Gai Sushi's life was full of ups and downs, but he was never intimidated by adversity, which dampened his aspirations. However, this poem is indeed the master's own way. The "orange-yellow-orange-green" after his death means that people less than a thousand years old can still share the sweet fruits of his art, which is considered extremely beautiful. Therefore, I feel that appreciating this poem solely based on the beauty of scenery and language would be superficial.