The poem "Looking at the Sea Tide" is contrary to Liu Yong's usual style. It uses a wide-open and wide-open, undulating brushwork to describe the prosperity and magnificence of Hangzhou in a rich and colorful way. The following are my carefully recommended poems. The lesson plan design of "Looking at the Sea Tide", I hope it will be helpful to everyone!
One teaching goal:
1. Read it repeatedly, recite it fluently, and understand the description method of this word.
2. Understand Liu Yong’s position in the history of Ci.
3. Master some basic common sense of words.
2. Teaching focus:
1. Liu Yong’s pioneering significance in the long tone of slow Ci.
2. The method of describing scenery in this word.
Three teaching difficulties:
1. The style reflected in the use of quantifiers.
2. Use line drawing and narrative techniques in describing scenery.
Four teaching methods:
Reading method, discussion method, and guidance method
Five reference books:
1. "History of Chinese Literature" "(3), edited by You Guoen and others, People's Literature Publishing House
2. "Lectures on Famous Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties", written by Wang Zhaopeng, Guangxi University Press
3. "Ancient China Poetry Appreciation and Reading Series: Liu Yong", edited by Zhao Changzheng, Wuzhou Communication Publishing House
Six-class schedule:
Two class periods
Seven teaching processes: < /p>
The first link: Oral training
(1) Introduction:
Yan Shu was a representative poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty. He wrote many graceful songs and songs about peace and prosperity. 's lyrics. After entering the court at the age of 14, he successively held important positions and became the prime minister of the Renzong Dynasty. He loved literature and recommended talents throughout his life. Zhang Shunmin, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a notebook called "Hua Yuan Lu". The first volume of the book says that when Liu Yong went to Bianjing for the first time to prepare for the imperial examination, he wandered in Liuxiang, Huajie, and failed to obtain the honor. There is a line in his "Crane Soaring to the Sky" that "a general will endure a false reputation and exchange it for a shallow one." "Yining and singing" offended Emperor Renzong, and the officials refused to allow him to be promoted for a long time. Liu Yong went to Yan Shu, the prime minister of the dynasty who was also a poet, hoping to help him. However, Yan Shu satirized him for writing love poems such as "Colorful threads wandering around with Yi sitting". Like Emperor Renzong at that time who "deeply despised flashy and ostentatious writing", he despised his vulgar and flashy style of writing. Naturally, Refuse to help him. However, this Yan Shu is a very honest person. He can write at the age of seven and is known as a child prodigy. When he was taking the imperial examination at the age of fourteen, Song Zhenzong summoned him and asked him to be interviewed at the court together with the Jinshi. After Yan Shu read the topic in the examination, he reported to the emperor: "I have written this article ten days ago, and the draft is still there. Please ask your Majesty to order another topic." The emperor praised his honesty and publicly awarded Tongshu a Jinshi background. . It was his honesty that gained the emperor's trust and ultimately helped him rise in officialdom. I have finished telling my story, and now I will leave time for the classmates who will speak.
(2) Oral expression:
Topic: Students can take the topic of perseverance and combine it with a book they have read, a famous quote by a celebrity, or a scene from a film or television. Characters and deeds, a person or thing that happened among the classmates will make a keynote speech.
Training: Invite five or six students to the podium, and each person will give a five-minute keynote speech.
Comments: Based on the students’ speeches, make comments with the students on whether the theme is clear, whether the language is fluent, whether the speech is contagious, and the posture of the speech, etc. And it will be graded on the spot as a daily result.
The second link: text teaching
1. Basic knowledge of Ci:
(1) The origin of Ci: Ci originated in the Tang Dynasty and became popular in the Song Dynasty. It was widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty and was originally a "popular song" in the Song Dynasty. Ci is lyrics, which refers to the style of poetry that can be sung with music, that is, Ci is a type of poetry.
Ci has many nicknames, such as "long and short sentences", "poetry", "quci", "quci", "lyrics", etc.
(2) Regarding the word tag and title: the title of the word is a concentrated expression of the content of the word, which summarizes the main content of the word; the word tag is the name of the tone of the word.
(3) Classification of words
According to the number of words, they can be divided into Xiaoling (within 58 words), Zhongdiao (59-90 words), and Longdiao (more than 91 words)
According to the number of paragraphs, it can be divided into monotone, double tone, triple, quadruple, etc. (a paragraph of words is called "que" or "piece")
According to the writer's genre style It can be divided into the bold school and the graceful school (the main writers of the bold school include Su Shi, Xin Qiji, etc.; the main writers of the graceful school include Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao, Zhou Bangyan, Jiang Kui, etc.)
2. The author's life and creation:
Liu Yong (987?-after 1055) was originally named Sanbian, with the courtesy name Jingzhuang, and later changed his name to Yong, with the courtesy name Qiqing. Ranked seventh, he is known as "Liu Qi". His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), and he moved to Chong'an (now Fujian). His grandfather, Liu Chong, was named after Confucianism, and his father, Liu Yi, served in the Southern Tang Dynasty as a supervisory censor. After entering the Song Dynasty, he was appointed the magistrate of Fei County in Yizhou and eventually became the minister of the Ministry of Industry.
When he was young, he lingered in Bianjing and feasted as much as he wanted in the Qin Tower and Chu Pavilion. Later, he traveled westward to Chengdu and Jingzhao, and visited Jinghu and Wuyue. In the first year of Jingyou's reign (1034), he ascended the rank of Jinshi and served successively as Muzhou regiment training officer, Yuhangling, Dinghai Xiaofeng salt farm supervisor, Sizhou judge, Taichang doctor, and finally as Tuntian Yuanwailang, known as "Liu Tuntian" in the world. He lived in exile in his later years and died in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He is a dissolute man and will be in trouble all his life. There is no biography in "History of the Song Dynasty", and his deeds are scattered in notes and local chronicles. He was good at poetry and prose, "none of which has been handed down to the world, but only his music to impress people." As the first ci writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who devoted himself to writing lyrics, he not only developed the theme and content of ci words, but also produced a large number of slow ci words, developed narrative techniques, promoted the popularization and colloquialism of ci words, and produced a relatively large number of poems in the history of ci words. Big impact. Liu Yong was the most popular lyricist in the Song Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "anyone who drinks well water can sing Liu Ci", which had an important influence on later generations of poets, operas of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Liu Yong’s collection of lyrics, "Movement Collection", has been circulated in the world, with more than 200 lyrics in existence. These words can be roughly divided into three categories:
One type of words describes the content of travel and military campaigns. Before Liu Yong, it is not that there were no lyrics about the content of the tour, but Liu Yong was the first lyricist to write a large number of poems about the tour. Before he became an official, he traveled for a long time; after becoming an official, he visited many places. According to local chronicles and his poems, the places he visited include Bianjing, Hangzhou, Luoyang, Chang'an... His poems often borrowed what he saw and heard from Deng Linshui to vividly express the sorrow of a down-and-out literati. and sigh. For example, "Ba Sheng Ganzhou" compares with the style of poetry that mostly wrote about boudoir style in the Five Dynasties. This kind of work that expresses unrecognized talents, frustration and pain can be said to open up the realm. It transplants the function of traditional poetry to express ambition and fate into the field of poetry. This This kind of poetry also contains a broader social life, breaking the narrow expression space of the Five Dynasties poetry.
One type writes about the prosperity of the city and the lifestyle of the citizens. During the reign of Song Renzong, it was known as the age of peace and prosperity, and the urban economy was unprecedentedly prosperous. Bianjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, etc. were all prosperous metropolises. Liu Yong is a writer with quite a "citizen consciousness". He loves this prosperous and prosperous urban life. There are many words describing the prosperity of the city in "Collection of Movements". "Looking at the Sea Tide" (Southeast Xingsheng) writes about Hangzhou. This is the earliest long-tempo slow poem created by literati. It vividly depicts the beautiful scenery and prosperity of Qiantang River.
One type describes the love between men and women. Liu Yong wrote many lyrics reflecting the life in Qinlou and Chuguan and the relationship between men and women. There are indulgent joys and gaudy jokes, as well as parting melancholy and true longing. This kind of work is a mixed bag, which has a great negative impact on his reputation. Although most of Liu Yong's poems are looked down upon by the upper class in the literary world, his masterpieces such as "Feng Qiwu" (Leaning on a tall building and the gentle breeze blows) and "Yulin Ling" (The chilling cicadas are so sad) are highly praised by them.
Liu Yong spent his whole life singing intimately in the fireworks and willow alleys. Most of his lyrics were born amidst the singing, dancing and brocade embroidered quilts. The voice of the singing girls at that time was: "I don’t want the king to call me, but I want to I don’t want a thousand gold coins, but I want Liu Qiming’s heart; I don’t want to see gods, but I want to know Liu Qiming.” Liu Yong was poor and dejected in his later years, and died penniless. It was his singing prostitute sisters who raised funds for his burial. There are no relatives to pay homage after his death. Every year during the Qingming Festival, singing and dancing girls make an appointment to pay homage to his grave. This has become a custom and is called "Diaoliu Qi" or "Diaoliu Hui".
3. Background introduction
In the two Song dynasties, there is a very interesting phenomenon: most famous works often have skills, and skills include the story of the creation process and the story of the dissemination process. Luo Dajing of the Song Dynasty recorded in "Helin Jade Dew" that the poem "Looking at the Sea Tide" spread to the state of Jin. After hearing it, Wanyan Liang, the owner of the gold medal, was delighted to see "three autumns of osmanthus and ten miles of lotus flowers" and "then started to whip across the river." Ambition" inspired his determination to occupy the Southern Song Dynasty. The legend that a poem actually triggered a war may not be reliable, but it at least shows how widely spread and influential the poem was.
What I just talked about is the story of the spread of this poem. In fact, the creation of this poem also contains Liu Yong’s personal purpose. The inspiration for this poem is that Liu Yong was frustrated and wandered around, looking for ways to be promoted, hoping that someone would promote him. After Liu Yong arrived in Hangzhou, his old friend Sun He was serving as the governor of Hangzhou, but Sun He's access control was very strict. Liu Yong was a commoner and could not see Sun He. Liu Yong had no choice but to write the lyrics and invite a famous local singer, and told her that if Sun He invited her to sing at the banquet, she would not sing anything else but this song "Looking at the Sea Tide". Later, the singer repeatedly sang the lyrics at Sun He's banquet. Sun He asked the author of the lyrics. The singer said it was written by your old friend Liu Sanbian. Liu Yong had not changed his name at that time. Sun He invited Liu Yong to a meal and sent him away. He did not promote him much afterwards. Judging from this story, this poem is a dry poem, the purpose of which is to ask the other party to recommend oneself.
IV. Overall perception:
(1) Gain an overall perception of the word through teacher’s model reading, students’ joint reading and free reading.
(2) Combine the annotations of the text and the teacher’s explanation to understand the general meaning of the words.
(3) Discuss with classmates, give guidance from the teacher, and appreciate the points:
1. Teacher: What did Shangque write?
Clearly: describe the nature of Hangzhou The scenery and the prosperity of the city
"The beauty of the southeast is the city of Sanwu, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times." "The beauty of the southeast" is written from the geographical and natural conditions. Hangzhou is located in the southeast, with an important geographical location and beautiful scenery, so it is said: "Shape wins". "Three Wu Cities" was written based on social conditions. It is an important city in the Sanwu area, where people gather and goods gather, so it is called "the city". "Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times", this sentence is a summary of the previous two sentences. Because Hangzhou has these special conditions, it has been "prosperous since ancient times". Next, we will elaborate on "form victory", "city" and "prosperity since ancient times".
"Smoky willow painted bridges, wind curtains and green curtains, and hundreds of thousands of homes" is an expanded description of the "Three Wu Cities". "Clouds and trees surround the embankment and sand. Raging waves roll up frost and snow, and the sky is boundless." This is an expanded description of the "splendid scenery in the southeast". Here we have chosen two scenery, Qiantang River Bank and Jiang Chao, to write about. "The city is lined with pearls, the households are full of luxury, and the rich and luxurious compete with each other" is an unfolding description of "Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times". Two aspects are described: first, the commercial and trade situation - "Market with Jewels", the market is filled with precious commodities such as jewelry, and the treasures in the market represent the richness and prosperity of commerce; second, the clothing situation - - "House full of silk and silk", every household is covered with silk and satin. "Jing Luxury" also sums up all kinds of prosperous scenes in Hangzhou. Of course, Hangzhou's wealth is not limited to these two aspects, but both of them are decorative items commonly used by women, implying the prosperity of the city.
2. Teacher: What is missing?
Clearly: write about the peaceful and quiet life of the people in Hangzhou
"The lakes overlap Qingjia. There are three autumns. "Guizi, Ten Miles of Lotus" describes the beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou. This is not only a further description of the "southeast beauty", but also a background for Hangzhou people to enjoy. "Chonghu" refers to the lake itself, and the West Lake has an inner lake and an outer lake; "Dieqiang" refers to the lake shore, with overlapping peaks. The water of the West Lake is green and the mountains are green, and it is extremely beautiful, so it is called "Qingjia". "Sanqiu Guizi" corresponds to the word "Dieqi" and writes about the sweet-scented osmanthus in the mountains. "Ten Miles of Lotus" corresponds to "Chonghu" and describes the lotus in the water. Red flowers, green leaves, and the fragrance of lotus seeds are also scenery that embodies the characteristics of West Lake. Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty said: "After all, the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons. The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red" ("Walking off to Lin Zifang at Dawn from Jingci Temple") "Three Autumn", from the perspective of time "Ten miles", from the perspective of space. Osmanthus blooms in autumn and lotus blooms in summer, describing the beauty of West Lake in different seasons.
The West Lake is beautiful in any season and at any time, so there are tourists going there. Next, I wrote "Qiang Guan clears the sky, and Ling's song fills the night, and they play and fish for old lotus babies." "Qiang Guan clears the sky" describes people's melodious flute sounds during the day, and "Ling's song fills the night" writes people's night. The happy and joyful singing, "Playing and fishing for the lotus" is a summary of the previous two sentences, so this sentence describes the recreation of the people of Hangzhou. "Thousands of Horses and High Teeth. Riding Drunk to Listen to Drums and Singing to Appreciate the Smoke" is about the recreation of officials in Hangzhou. It is written in two aspects. One is about the joy of feasting while "riding drunk to listen to drums and chanting to appreciate the haze". "Smoke" the joy of landscape. It is a compliment to local officials, implying that these officials enjoy themselves with the people. "The future promises good times, go back to Fengchi to praise him" is a direct compliment to Sun He, and it also explains the purpose of dedication at the end of the poem.
3. How does this word describe and praise the prosperity and charm of Hangzhou?
Clearly: From the conception of the word, "shape wins" and "prosperity" are the words. "Shape" refers to the beauty of the natural environment; "prosperity" refers to the prosperity and development of the economy. "Smoke and willows paint the bridge, wind curtains and green curtains." "Clouds and trees surround the embankment and sand, raging waves roll up frost and snow, and the sky is boundless." All express the beautiful natural landscape of Hangzhou. "The city is lined with pearls, the households are full of luxury, and the rich and luxurious are competing." The "hundreds of thousands of households" reflect the prosperity of Hangzhou's economy.
4. What are the characteristics of the use of quantifiers in this word?
Clearly: The use of numerals in the word is particularly ingenious, such as "three Wu cities", "one hundred thousand households", "Sanqiu osmanthus", "Ten miles of lotus", "the front rider has tall teeth", etc., may be written in real words, or in fictitious words, or exaggerated, creating a noble and bold momentum. The broad and heroic style shown in the whole poem, It is close to the bold style of poetry created by Su Shi.
5. As a dedicated work, does this poem show a lowly and servile attitude?
Clearly: No. In works that sing about peace and prosperity and beautiful lake scenery, This word has a noble character.
5. Homework
1. Write a poem about a scenic spot by imitating the original poem.
2. Recite "Looking at the Tide" (Southeast Formation).
The third link: Introduction to related articles
In Chinese poetry creation, the sadness of autumn is a very common creative theme. There are also a lot of sad autumn works in Liu Yong's lyrics. In addition to "Yulin Ling" which we learned in middle school, this textbook also selected his other very famous work "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou".
In addition, Du Fu's "Eight Poems of Autumn" (Part 1), Fan Zhongyan's "The Fisherman's Proud" (The scenery is different in autumn under the fortress), Yan Shu's "Butterflies in Love with Flowers" (Chrysanthemums are sad about smoke and orchids are weeping with dew), and Ma Zhiyuan's "Double Tune Whistle" "The Return of the Great Ancestor" and so on are all related to autumn. The genres of these works are different, and the styles of the works are also different. Students can do comparative reading to see if there are any similarities in the images they choose, and to see if their artistic conceptions are the same. Writers usually use the autumn season to express their emotions. What an emotion.