Distant Altair
Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan girl.
Skillful hands, make a loom.
There is no chapter all day, and tears are pouring down.
What's the difference between a clear river and a shallow one?
Between water and water, there are no words.
Comment and analysis
Morning glory and Weaver Girl are the names of two stars. Altair, or "Hegu II", is located in the east of the Milky Way. Vega, also known as "Tiansun", is located in the west of the Milky Way, opposite the morning glory. In China, the folk stories of Petunia Guantian and Weaver Girl originated very early. Xiaoya Dadong wrote a poem about Penny and the Weaver Girl, but it only wrote two stars. "Spring and Autumn Yuanmingbao" and "Huainan Zizhen" began to say that the weaver girl is a goddess. In Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing, Cao Zhi's Luo Shen Fu and Jiu Yong, Petunia and Zhinv became husband and wife. Cao Zhi's "Nine Songs" said: "The cow is the husband and the weaver is the woman." The star of Weaver Penny is everywhere near the river drum, and it will be some time before July 7. "This is the clearest record at that time. This poem "Far Morning Altar" in Nineteen Ancient Poems describes the separation of the morning glory and the weaver girl. Its era was in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, slightly earlier than that of Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Comparing this poem with the works of Cao Shi brothers, we can see that the story of Petunia and Weaver Girl was finalized from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty.
This poem is about a couple holding a cow and a weaver girl in the sky, but the point of view is on the ground, which is to observe the parting pain of their husband and wife with the eyes of a third party. Exchange two sentences from two places, saying that "Jumping" stands for cow and "Jiao Jiao" stands for Weaver Girl. Titiao and Jiao Jiao have different views on each other, so we can't be persistent. Morning glory is not bright, Weaver Girl is not far away. They are all so far away and so bright. However, it is easy to think of a wanderer far away from home with a petunia belonging to a distant relative, and it is also easy to think of the beauty of a woman with a weaver girl belonging to a distant relative. In this case, it seems that they can no longer be interchanged. If it is intertextual, its interest will be reduced by half if it is replaced by "Jiao Jiao Altair, a distant river girl". The subtlety of poetic language can be seen here. The purpose of calling the Weaver Girl "Hehan Girl" is to make up three syllables, and at the same time avoid using "Weaver Girl" in three words. The former sentence uses "Altair" and the latter sentence uses "Vega", which is neither rhyming nor monotonous. River Girl is much more vivid. "Hehan woman" refers to a woman on the edge of the Milky Way, who is more likely to be associated with a real woman, ignoring that she is a star. I don't know if the author took such pains when writing poems. Anyway, different writing methods have different artistic effects. In a word, the arrangement of the ten words "Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Girl" can be said to be the most ingenious arrangement and the most muddy effect.
The following four sentences are devoted to the Weaver Girl, saying that although she knits sweaters all day, she can't knit a horse because her heart is full of sadness. "Fine jade hand" means fine jade hand. In order to compete with the next sentence "Zhazha plays on the loom", the sentence structure has been changed. The word "Zhuo" refers to painting and painting, which is close to reaching out. "Zhazha" is the sound of the loom. Raft is the shuttle on the loom. The poet used the word "get" here. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Four Dry": "Women are born with tiles on their backs (spinning)." This word means to play, to play. Although the weaver girl stretched out her plain hand, she was not interested in knitting. She just fondled the loom and burst into tears. In the sense of The Book of Songs Dadong, "nothing can be done all day": Weaver Girl, seven times a day. Even if the weaver girl is busy, she can't knit a stripe well. "
The last four sentences are the poet's lament: "He Han is pure and shallow, how much is the difference?" "There is more water, and the pulse is speechless." The milky way between Petunia and Weaver Girl is clear and shallow, and Petunia and Weaver Girl are not far apart. Although only separated by water, they can't talk to each other. "Yingying" may be interpreted as describing the shallowness of water, which may not be accurate. "Yingying" does not describe water, and the word "pulse" in the next sentence describes the weaver girl. Notes of six ministers in Selected Works: "Yingying is beautiful." This is accurate. Many people think that "Yingying" must describe water before "Yishui". But the original intention of surplus is overflow. If we describe water, we should also describe its fullness, not its shallowness. Yingying is interpreted as shallow because of the influence of "the river is clear and shallow" above, not Yingying's original intention. "Yingying" appeared in Selected Works. In addition to this poem, there is also "Yingying is a girl upstairs with eyes as bright as a window". See also nineteen ancient poems. Shan Li's note: "Guangya said:' Win it, endure it.' Surplus and victory are the same, and the old saying goes. "This is to describe the beauty of women's manners, so the notes of ENT are extended to" Li Duan ". In addition, Shang Mo of Ran Ran Yuefu sang: "Ying Ying is a husband, and Zhong Chao is a husband. "It also describes people's behavior. Because the Weaver Girl is called the Hehan Girl, her beauty is also reflected among the Hehan people, which means "a room full of water". Pulse Diagnosis, Shan Li's Note: Erya says,' Pulse diagnosis, look at each other. Guo Pu said,' Pulse means we can look at each other. "The pulse is unspeakable" means that although Hehan is shallow, Weaver Girl and Petunia can only look at each other with the pulse but can't speak.
There are sixteen sentences in this poem, six of which use reduplicated words, namely "Tiaotiao", "Jiao Jiao", "Xianxian", "Ying Ying" and "Maimai". These overlapping words make this poem concise, beautiful and interesting. Especially the last two sentences, if the image of a young woman full of sadness appears on paper, it is a rare meaningful and muddy sentence.
Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's drinking
● Original text
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
● Background introduction
Tao Yuanming (365 ~ 427) was born in Chaisang, Xunyang. Shi Tao played down Qingyuan's pen and wrote about rural life and street scenery, which opened up a new realm for poetry.
There are twenty-two poems in Drinking, and this is the third poem. There was a small preface before, indicating that all the works were drunk, not written at the moment, and there was no internal connection. They are prosperous and independent. This song mainly shows the interest of seclusion. After work, drunk as a fiddler, under the background of sunset glow, under the cover of Shan Lan, under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, overlooking Nanshan, how profound it is at this time! One of the characteristics of Tao poetry is simplicity, and emotion and meaning are integrated and inseparable. He often uses words such as "forgetting words" and "forgetting" to block the exploration and revelation of rational laws, which may be a manifestation of poetry returning to nature.
▲ Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature is very prominent. His 120 poem can be said to be very good. We can say that poems with many themes before the Tang Dynasty reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty. For example, frontier poems, landscape poems and farewell poems, but there is a very special phenomenon, that is, landscape pastoral poems were initiated by Tao Yuanming and pushed to the peak by Tao Yuanming. We said that there were many pastoral poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, and there were also some pastoral poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. There are so many pastoral poets in Tang and Song Dynasties that their pastoral poems are all in the shadow of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, which can be said to be no more than Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are very valuable wealth in the history of China literature.
He was born in 365 AD and died in 427 AD. Life can be divided into three periods: before the age of 29, reading is the main thing; From the age of 29 to 4 1 year, going out to be an official for a period of time and then retiring is a period of repeated official retirement. When he was a county magistrate in Pengze, the superior came to inspect the work, and the junior scribes said, you should put on your clothes and hat quickly, and then go to see him. He sighed and said, "I can't bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice." So he hung up his hat and left. This spirit of not bending over for a bucket of rice is the pride of our intellectuals in China, which has influenced generations of intellectuals. Like Li Bai, he said, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" This spirit is very valuable. Later, he retired to the countryside, where he spent his old age. He has a good relationship with the villagers. When he has wine, let the old man next door drink it together. When he doesn't have wine, he knocks on people's doors and says that if you have wine at home, so this is very straightforward. Moreover, he also personally participated in manual labor. He wrote a poem, "Shannan grows beans and the grass is full of bean sprouts." Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes; The clothes are not covered, but the wish is not violated. " This "wish" is generally understood as a wish to return to nature, but I think there is another explanation besides this, that is, this wish is a harvest wish. I think it doesn't matter if the clothes are wet as long as there is a bumper harvest. This understanding may be closer to ordinary people, which will not affect the greatness of Tao Yuanming's image. Tao Yuanming's personality is very straightforward. He himself said, "Little is not suitable for common luck, and naturally loves Qiushan." He likes natural frankness very much, and there is a typical example. He can't play the piano, but there is always a piano with strings at home, the kind without strings. When he is happy, he plays the piano with it. Without strings, there must be no sound. If there is no sound, don't make such a sound. "But if you have fun on the piano, why bother to play the strings?" In other words, as long as you are interested in playing the piano, you don't need the sound of strings, which is very interesting. One of his favorite things in life is wine and the other is chrysanthemum, both of which are outstanding, and these two points are vividly reflected in the fifth part of Drinking.
★ This poem is very good. At first, he said, "Building a house is on earth, but there is no noise of horses and chariots." He built his house on earth, but he couldn't hear the sound of horses and chariots, so there must be the sound of horses and chariots on earth. Why is there no noise of horses and chariots? He asked himself, "I asked you why not", that is, I asked you what brought you to this point. Then he replied, "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This is Tao Yuanming's very famous chrysanthemum poem. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" is a prone position, and "leisurely seeing Nanshan" is a prone position. Under the "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence", he inadvertently looked up to see Nanshan, the beautiful Nanshan is Lushan Mountain, and Lushan Mountain in his hometown suddenly jumped into his eyes. So the word "see" is well used. Su Dongpo once said: If you change this "looking" Nanshan to "looking" Nanshan, it will be boring. Then he said, "The weather in the mountains is getting better every day, and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant", which means that the natural landscape in the mountains is good in the morning and evening. At night, the birds call their friends and return together. It is in this natural atmosphere that nature returns to the nest. So from such a very natural and frank artistic conception, Tao Yuanming felt a certain situation in life. But such a delicate situation is difficult to express in words, so it can only be expressed in words, so "I want to argue and forget to say it."
This poem is a very good poem, and its beauty lies in the truth of feelings and the naturalness of everything. In particular, "Ask the monarch what he can, and his heart is far from being biased" and "His heart is far from being biased" are also enlightening to us today, that is, we live in such a very modern and noisy society today, and we can't live in seclusion in the mountains as we did in Tao Yuanming's time. In this very lively reality, as long as each of us stays away from some fame and fortune, some material pursuits and some secular officialdom, then the place where we live will become remote and our mood will become quiet. We will also overcome some impetuous emotions and make ourselves very quiet, which is very beneficial to our self-cultivation of life and social peace.