Laozi was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang, an ancient county in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chu (now east of Luoyi County, Henan Province). His surname is Li Ming, and his word is Bo Yang, also known as Lao Dan. He once worked as a Tibetan guard in the Zhou Dynasty, equivalent to the curator of today's national library and archives. The founder of Taoism wrote the Taoist classic Laozi, which is divided into two parts.
The first sentence of the last article:
"Tao can be Tao, very Tao."
The first sentence of the next article:
"Virtue is not virtue, it is virtue."
Therefore, later generations took the word "Tao" in the first part and the word "De" in the second part, and called Laozi "the classic of Tao Te Ching". The 5,000-word Tao Te Ching shook the ancient and modern times, making Laozi one of the ancient saints in China and a world cultural celebrity. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, also had to cling to his relatives and friends, saying that he was a descendant of Laozi.
Tao Te Ching was played by Zhuangzi and copied by legalists and Confucianists to varying degrees, which had a profound and significant impact on China's philosophy, literature, art, politics, military and other fields. Tao Te Ching has traveled across the ocean and is also very popular.
Laozi first put forward the concept of "Tao"
What is Tao?
Tao is the only absolute substance in the universe, which will not disappear with the change of things, nor will it change because of the action of force.
"Tao" is the source and mother of all things, and "Tao gives birth to one, two, two, three and three lives". "Tao" exists after the birth of everything and nourishes everything.
"Tao" is the driving force for the change and development of things. Although "Tao" is in a trance, it is a unity of opposites and complements each other, with the regularity of "constant" length.
"Whether there is a mutual relationship, it is difficult to complement each other, the length is in phase, the height is oblique, and the sound is consistent."
"Tao" is characterized by natural inaction, non-interference in all things, so that all things conform to nature, rather than restraint and coercion.
"Tao" is independent, eternal, changing and moving, and "Tao" does not change due to external factors.
"Independent and unchanged, Zhou Xing is not in danger."
"Tao" leads to emptiness and weakness. Therefore, Taoism secludes itself in the mountains and rivers, stays away from the disputes in the world, returns to an empty and quiet state, and maintains inner peace.
Finally, emphasize one point.
Tao is invisible and intangible.
Therefore, "Tao" may not be clear. The concise Tao Te Ching is indeed mysterious, with a slightly deeper meaning but great wisdom. Therefore, Tao Te Ching will form metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, promote local Taoism and be worshipped by mysterious culture for thousands of years.
Is Tao negative? I do not think this is necessarily the case. The development and prosperity of the early Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty are proof of this.
After reading Tao Te Ching, Shuijing recommended Chen Guying's Commentary on Lao Zi's Translation, which was published by Zhonghua Book Company.
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