The troops of the emergency unit galloped away on horseback. A horse is ten miles, a whip is five miles, and you travel with lightning.
This is the army of the Northwest Military Command. He came to report that the Xiongnu army has surrounded Jiuquan in the western regions of China.
After receiving the military books, I looked to the west, but I saw snow falling and hazy, and there was no smoke on the mountain. The original flame of military ties had been broken.
Translation translation
The anxious army commander galloped with a whip. Holding a horse is ten miles, and a whip is five miles. The long journey flashed by like lightning. This is the military envoy of the northwest capital. He sent an urgent military report, reporting that Xiongnu troops had surrounded Jiuquan, an important town in the western regions of Datang. After receiving the military documents, I looked up to the west and saw the snow flying all over the sky, confused, looking at the foot of the mountain, but no trace of the beacon smoke. The original bonfire connection in the army has been interrupted.
Annotation explanation
West Longxi: The theme of ancient Yuefu, also known as "Walking out of Xiamen", belongs to "harmony songs and tonal songs". Longxi, west of Longshan, east of Longxi County, Gansu Province.
Duhu: official name. In the Han Dynasty, the western regions were established as capitals, and in the Tang Dynasty, six capitals were established to govern the western regions.
Xiongnu: This refers to the ethnic minorities in northern and western China. Jiuquan: county name, in the northeast of Jiuquan city today.
Guanshan: refers to the mountain Yuan Ye in the border area.
Garrison: beacon towers and border camps. In ancient times, the warning of frontier defense was based on the signal of bonfire, with smoke rising as a "whistle" during the day and fire rising as a "bonfire" at night. A book by Garrison, called Fire. Disconnect: Disconnect.
Creation background
This poem was written around the 25th year of Kaiyuan (AD 737). At that time, Wang Wei sent a special envoy to the fortress as a supervisor of the imperial history, and participated in the visit of Cui, the Chinese ambassador to Hexi.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
As far as genre is concerned, this poem belongs to ancient poetry, and as far as theme is concerned, this poem belongs to frontier poetry.
The beginning of the poem was written in an emergency. On the way, the military commander galloped and came with a whip, which immediately attracted the reader's attention. One or two sentences describe the distance between "ten miles" and "five miles" in a flash, and exaggerate the tense atmosphere with exaggerated language, giving people an extremely vivid and flying image. These are two inverted sentences, which are generally written like this: a horse travels ten miles and a whip travels five miles. But writing in this way, in five words, does not conform to the normal rhythm of poetic language, and it is very difficult to read. This kind of "one horse in ten miles, one whip in five miles" is not only catchy, but also highlights the speed of the horse because it emphasizes "ten miles" and "five miles" in advance. The middle two sentences point out the identity of the rider and the reason why the matter is urgent. A word "wai" shows the seriousness of the situation. A word "to" tells us that the military envoy has been speeding through "riding" and "flogging" and finally delivered the military book in time. The last two sentences supplement the influence of climate on bonfire alarm. It stands to reason that we should watch the bonfire first, and then read the art of war. However, now, after receiving the military documents, I look up to the west, only to see snow flying all over the sky, confused, looking down the hill, but no smoke. Is it because the snow is too heavy to light the bonfire, or if it is lit, you can't see it. Anyway, the connection between bonfires is broken. This highlights the urgent need for flying horses to pass books. At this point, the whole poem came to an abrupt end and ended neatly, leaving readers with room for imagination. Although the writing situation is critical and the atmosphere is tense, the emotions expressed in the poem are warm, calm and confident.
This poem, the angle of materials is very distinctive. It reflects the border war, but it does not describe the war positively. The focus of the poet's concern is not how the frontier was besieged before the military book was issued, nor how the reinforcements were dispatched after the military book was issued, but only a fragment and a side of the military emergency. As for the situation before and after, let readers use their imagination to supplement it. This kind of writing is short in rhythm, in one go, concentrated in length, rich in connotation, and unconventional in artistic conception.
Appreciation of Two Original Poems in West Gansu
The Han Lord sealed Dongping, and no one discussed the border soldiers.
Zong Rao won Linhusai, and the land of Sang Ma was barren.
Tang Jun men and women fought the Huns to the death, and 5,000 troops in robes were killed in Chen Hu.
Poor bones by the river, I am still a dream girl.
Dragon Tree is the third garrison to watch the grass, and the building is troublesome to protect Qiang soldiers.
The deceased who came with him left sadly and cried for the old camp all night.
There is no end to catching a prisoner. Montenegro knows dragons and snakes.
Since your grandfather married his wife, half of Hu Feng has been like a Han family.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
West Longxi Westbound is an old title of Yue Fu's Tune of Xianghe Pavilion, which is about the frontier war. Longxi, west of Longshan in Ningxia, Gansu. The Journey to the West's poem reflects the sufferings and disasters brought to the people by the long-term border war in the Tang Dynasty. Reality is relative, just like a montage in a movie, with good intentions. Poetry is sad, singing tears. The poet * * * wrote four poems to the west of Gansu, and here we enjoy the second one.
The first two sentences describe a generous and tragic battle scene in refined and summarized language. Tang Jun fought to the death, and all five thousand soldiers were killed. Swear Sweep and Disregard show the loyal and brave spirit and dedication of Tang Junbing. Yulin army in Han dynasty wore brocade, mink and fur, which means elite troops here. The troops were so excellent that 5 thousand people died, which shows the fierce fighting and heavy casualties.
Then, with a turn of the pen, he forced out the correct meaning: "Poor white bones by the river are still living in a dream." There is no direct description of the tragic scene brought by the war, nor does it exaggerate the sadness of family members. Instead, it is ingenious, linking "Chunjiang Bone" with "Spring Boudoir Dream", writing that the wife in the boudoir does not know how to recruit people to die, but still wants to see her husband who has become a bone in her dream, which makes the whole poem have tragic power to shock the soul. Of course, it will be sad to know the death of a loved one, but it is a comfort to know the whereabouts of a loved one. Here, I haven't heard from him for many years. The recruiter has already become a skeleton by the Wuding River, while his wife is still waiting for his early return and reunion in her dream. Disaster and misfortune arrival, not only unaware, but full of eager and beautiful hope, this is the real tragedy.
According to Yang Shen's Poems of Mingdeng Temple, this poeticization means that "the father died in the front, the son was injured in the back, the woman died in the pavilion, and the lonely name was in the Tao, and the mother and widowed wife cried in the lane, setting up a virtual sacrifice in the distance and wanting to be thousands of miles away", which is called "getting better, really changing the bones." Wen Jia made great efforts to render the sad atmosphere of orphans and widows praying to heaven and crying in the road, which was painful and affectionate. What is written in the article is the family members' "offering sacrifices" and "losing their souls", which shows that people were recruited to die. The young woman in Chen Tao's poems is convinced that her husband is still alive, but there is no doubt that she is dead, and she has met several times in her dream. Poetry is deeper and the scene is worse, so it can make people shed tears of sympathy.
The ups and downs of this poem are all in three or four sentences. The "poor" sentence follows the previous sentence and is the meaning in the title; The sentence "Jude is" opened a new world. "Boundless Riverside Bones" and "Dream in Spring" are both reality and dreams. One side is a sad skeleton, and the other side is a handsome young soldier. Reality is relative, and glory is different, which has a strong artistic effect. A "pity" and a "Jude" contain deep feelings, which embodies the poet's infinite sympathy for the war victims and their families.
In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen praised the last two sentences of this poem as "ingenious in conception", but accused the first two sentences of being "skinny", and the last two sentences were boring. In fact, the first sentence of Tang Junbing risking his life to "swear to sweep the Huns" left a deep impression on people. It is really deplorable that 5,000 good soldier people were suddenly killed by "Chen Hu". The tragic death of a conscript makes the fate of a young woman even more sympathetic. Therefore, these descriptions are only for the last two sentences to show that young women miss Zhang Ben. It can be said that if the first two sentences are not clearly described, it is difficult to see the "ingenuity" of the last two sentences.