He chuanyue
Citation is a common expression in ancient poetry, and the author often uses allusions to express his thoughts and feelings. Therefore, an accurate understanding of allusions is helpful for us to correctly understand and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings. According to the source of allusions, allusions in ancient poetry have the following forms.
I. Quoting from previous statements
Quote the sentences used by predecessors intact or slightly changed, and integrate into the new artistic conception. For example, in Preface to Wang Teng-ting, "Please sprinkle Panjiang, and pour clouds on all sides" is quoted from Zhong Rong's poem "I taste Shandong cuisine like the sea, and dish dishes like the river". The author quoted this sentence and praised the guests and friends who attended the banquet of Tengwang Pavilion through Pan Yue and Lu Ji. Another example is "when you are here, your friend's prince?" In Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Mountain, it is quoted from the Songs of Chu, "Wang Gui can't stay in the mountains for a long time." Wang Wei used it to express his dislike of dirty officialdom and his nostalgia for the life of "seclusion in the mountains", revealing his seclusion thought.
Second, touch the poem in front.
It is more vivid and meaningful to use the sentences of predecessors and then write them in your own words. For example, the sentence "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky" in Preface to Wang Tengting is adapted from Yu Xin's poem "Chicago is covered with Qi Fei, and the willow is the same color as the green flag". Wang Bo changed the object image, and depicted a bright and three-dimensional Qiu Jingtu in the south of the Yangtze River by combining static and dynamic and integrating time and space. Another example is Wang Changling's "Ice in the Jade Pot" in "Lotus Inn and Newly-built Parting", which is adapted from Bao Zhao's "Singing for the White Head". The original poetry is that there are many peaks standing in the ice and snow, but Wang's poem has innovated this sentence, using a crystal-clear jade pot to compare his innocent and noble character.
Third, the evolution of myths and legends.
Myths and legends express strange artistic realm, which can enhance the artistic expression of poetry. For example, in the preface to Wang Teng-ting, "Zidian is the armory of General Wang", it is said that Wu Quan has six swords, and the second one is Zidian; Emperor gaozu cut the white snake sword, and the blade was often frosty and snowy. The use of legends lies in praising the courage and strategy of General Wang. Another example is Li Shangyin's Jinse and Natural History, "Mermaids shed tears and shed tears in the green sea next month": "There is Jiao Ren outside the South China Sea, and the water is like fish, and its eyes are weeping." The poet used the folklore of shark tears to create the image of Jiao Ren crying into beads, aiming to show that all he got after his dreams and feelings were shattered was tears, expressing the poet's inner disappointment and sadness.
Fourth, borrow historical stories.
It is the most common way to express the same or opposite aspirations of poets in ancient poems with stories of historical figures. The allusions in Preface to Wang Tengting mostly borrow historical stories, such as Xu Ru, Chen Fan, Feng Tang, Li Guang, Jia Yi, Meng Chang and Ruan Ji. Another example is "Self-confidence" in Lu You's "Book Wrath", which borrows the story of the historical figure Tan Daoji. In the biography of Heather Tan Daoji, Song Wendi tried to kill the famous Tan Daoji, and Tan Daoji was furious: "It broke the Great Wall of Wan Li!" "Climbing the Great Wall" refers to a general who can defend the frontier for the country. The poet expressed his sincere loyalty to the country with this ambition, while the "empty check" expressed the pain of not being used.
Some people say that "allusions are a double-edged sword", which not only enhances the meaning of works, but also brings obstacles to reading. When reading ancient poems, we should be able to identify the connotation of allusions, and then understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author through the original intention.
(This article is selected from Bao Wengao 1st edition 75 1).