Walking on the corridor of history, singing about the soul of thousands of years
Wearing the dust of the road, thousands of years of love, watching the green mountains remain the same, singing about the great river eastward. As we step into the threshold of the 21st century, we return home from the treasure house of history and enjoy this spiritual feast with everyone.
For a nation to stand tall in the forest of human civilization, it must have the nourishment of a national culture that flows endlessly and lasts forever. This long river of culture rushes from ancient times to the future, from prehistoric times to civilization, carrying songs of joy along the way, blood and tears, and shouting along the way. It has left many fruits and monuments, and also recorded many bitterness and regrets. By clearing this river and picking out gold from the sand, we picked up an eternal masterpiece that illuminates the past and present.
It is an epic written with artistic pen and ink, unprecedented and unprecedented. It is not only the crystallization of national wisdom, but also the condensation of a long historical scroll. The rugged style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the majestic atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the thumping of the earth and drums, the hunting flags rolling Loulan, the golden thread, the yellow orioles, the peach blossom fan, the willow wind, each article is a meditation on the times, and every word is a gaze on history. .
It is a priceless and rare treasure, so beautiful that it captivates the country. It is like shining, colorful diamonds embedded in the corridor of the times. Kuafu's perseverance, Luo Shen's gracefulness, Qu Yuan's roar to the sky, Li Yu's sorrowful heart, Guan Yunchang's sword-riding horse, Jia Baoyu's love between his children, all have become the incarnation of artistic beauty and will last forever.
It is a link that connects national cultures, with one end holding the ancient times and the other pointing to the future. The vast five thousand years of civilization, swaying, glorious and majestic, have infiltrated and nourished the Chinese nation. Famous articles through the ages, every word is precious and every chapter is beautiful. It is a condensed version and essence of national culture and Chinese civilization. Reading it and appreciating it, we can clearly feel the profoundness and breadth of the sages and philosophers, the ambition of the lofty men and benevolent people to serve the country, the family nostalgia of the business travelers, and the pursuit and cry of the resentful men and women. After seeing the glorious land for thousands of years, I sing long songs about the past and present. Holding these masterpieces in hand, we meet the saints; chanting these masterpieces, we dialogue with history. Tradition is sublimated here and culture is reborn here. We are the inheritors of traditional culture, we are the transmitters of cultural incense, and we are also the envoys sent by contemporary culture.
Pick up a piece of colored stone left by Nuwa to mend the sky, borrow the cold moon that slants on the palace of the Han family, fold a wisp of willow silk in the morning rain in Weicheng, and pick up a small orange lantern lit by the old man Bing Xin. , let us go upstream along the ancient path of history and start a cultural walk in search of timeless masterpieces.
When we pick up a handful of Yangtze River water, have we ever thought of its source? When we linger and stroll along the Chinese Cultural Corridor, we must go to its starting point, which is the mother of Chinese literature. There is the temple of Chinese culture.
In this ancient time and space, everything seems to have become simple and peaceful: Nuwa is surrounded by colorful stones, Kuafu is running under the scorching sun, Jingwei birds are singing in the blue sky; Blue sky and green water, boundless forests and swamps, towering mountains and slow water. The untouched nature has inspired the literary inspiration of mankind, the spirit of all things, and man in turn endows nature with spirituality. So, today we heard Confucius’ lament, Zhuangzi’s singing, and Qu Yuan’s sigh. Go to that place thousands of years ago and look through the historical tablets to appreciate the distance and mystery.
The soldiers marched off the mountain to serve the country, and the love for their daughter lingered in their dreams. The military uniform exudes a burst of heroic spirit. What we see is a heroic young general. What we see in the mirror, smoothing his temples and looking at the eyes, is a charming boudoir girl Hongzhuang. The unity of the two in Hua Mulan conveys this signal to people from generation to generation: the greatness, tenacity and warmth of Chinese women. This is the classic of the Northern Dynasties folk song "Mulan Ci".
Bitter love and longing are the eternal themes of literature. The mountain ghosts in Qu Yuan's masterpiece "Nine Songs" are outstanding. This is an inner monologue of a girl in love, and it is also a bold and fierce declaration of love. It does not focus on depicting the girl's flowery face and graceful figure, but focuses on revealing the girl's inner world and conveying a passionate emotion of pursuing love.
Like a lost child, a man full of patriotic passion but unable to serve his country, we can easily understand his frustration, hesitation and even despair, and even be conquered by his turbulent emotions. He is Qu Yuan, an ancient man who has passed away for thousands of years.
In order to express his feelings, Qu Yuan found a very unique way: summoning spirits. Some people say that this is Qu Yuan summoning the soul of King Huai of Chu, some say that Qu Yuan is summoning the soul for himself, and some say that it is Song Yu who is summoning the soul of Qu Yuan. This has nothing to do with the grand purpose. What is important is that history has left us the precious legacy of "The Conjuring". The calls for "return of the soul" are filled with tears, blood, and hatred. They are expressions of noble personality, lashing out against the forces of darkness, and longing for hometown and motherland. We can't help but look at the distant starry sky and give a long shout to this great patriot: The soul is back!
"As graceful as a startled giant, as graceful as a swimming dragon; as bright as autumn chrysanthemums, and as luxuriant as spring pine trees." As soon as the sixteen words "Cao Zhi" came out, the beauty of Luo Shen was immediately transformed into a different realm. The charm and enchantment of Luoshen, the holiness and elegance of Luoshen are just illusionary forms of beauty in the poet's mind.
Humanity's pursuit of beauty is unstoppable. The beauty of Luoshen is reflected through the thousands of years of time and space tunnels through Cao Zhi's expressive pen until today.
The stars and rivers are far apart, and the stars are far apart. The long river of Chinese civilization that rushes from ancient times, with thousands of twists and turns, makes a pearl emerge from the water. Its brilliant light travels through time and space, illuminating the corridor of Chinese literature. It nourishes The literature of the Tang and Song Dynasties has been a part of Chinese national culture for nearly a thousand years and has attracted the attention of the world.
Walking around in this literary treasure house, we are dazzled and we never want to leave. Here, we pass by many celebrities and great masters in the history of Chinese literature: walking towards us are Li Bai, who is smiling proudly in the world of mortals, "when the emperor calls him, but he can't get on the boat", Du Fu, who is crying when he sees "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are here"; On this side is Bai Juyi, who sheds tears in his blue shirt while listening to a pipa song; on the other side is Fan Zhongyan, who is climbing up the stairs to look into the distance, worrying about the world; Su Dongpo drinks wine under the moon and asks questions to the sky; Autumn calls for soldiers; Liu Yong sings and sings "There are three autumn osmanthus trees and ten miles of lotus flowers", while Li Qingzhao is saddened by "There are more phoenix trees and drizzle".
The poetry and songs of the Tang and Song dynasties are a towering monument, which counts the historical heritage of Chinese civilization; the literature of the Tang and Song dynasties is a brilliant crown, studded with rare treasures that condense the wisdom of Chinese literature. Here, you can find the boldness of "The river goes eastward", and the elegance of "people are thinner than yellow flowers"; you can hear the angry cry of "the eternal sword in the chest is worn out", and you can also hear "the willow bank, the dawn wind wanes the moon" There is a soft chant and a low voice; there is an angry aspiration to serve the country, there is also a hometown feeling of the bright moon in front of the window, there is Sauvignon Blanc alone on the west building, there is a dream of Jiangnan where the grass grows and the orioles fly, there is a spring of butterfly love flowers, and there is Dou Shuang Aoxue's plum blossom. Holding this treasure book in hand, we can feel its weight: it writes history, its swords are bloody, it whips the darkness, its words are filled with tears, it reflects on life, its pens are logical, it longs for the light, and its voice is tireless. With Yingzuihua, we can also appreciate its breadth: it is the solidification of history, the reflection of reality, the wonderful pen of a literati, and the meditation of a philosopher; it is the scroll of the splendid country that has been singing for thousands of miles, and it is also the blood of the palace and dynasty. The picture of rain and wind; its solitary smoke in the desert, its horns outside the Great Wall, its new graves and old ghosts, its golden wind and jade dew, all together hold up a Mount Everest in the history of Chinese literature.
Sima's green shirt was wet during the song "Pipa Play". These are tears of sympathy, showing the poet's understanding and sympathy for the geisha who are suppressed at the bottom. These are also sad tears, echoing the souls of people who have been reduced to the end of the world. Bai Juyi can't help but think of his own fate of being demoted and exiled. However, the wonder of this masterpiece is that the author's description of his own fate and experience fades in and out of the poem, only letting out his melancholy in the beauty of the pipa music and the sad life experience of the singer. The reason why "Pipa Xing" has been resounding for thousands of years is probably due to this power of tragic beauty.
The green spring scenery, the gentle river current, the half-opened flower buds, the silvery moonlight, the quiet night, nature has designed these beautiful scenery to please the human soul and cultivate the human sentiment. Every scenery among them is enough to make people imagine and feel relaxed and happy. However, at the beginning of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ruoxu, a talented poet, miraculously condensed these five scenery into one poem, which became the sound of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the poem within the poem that resounded throughout the historical corridor.
Even after a thousand years, when we recite this beautiful article today, we still feel the fragrance in our teeth and cheeks. It is clearly a hazy and ethereal ink painting, showing the river flowers on a moonlit night, the spring water under the river flowers, the wanderers by the spring water, and the resentful women in the wanderers' hearts. The poetry, the love of children, and the vicissitudes of history are integrated into each other. It is also clearly a beautiful and euphemistic piece of Jiangnan silk and bamboo. It sings in a sad but not sad tone, praising nature, singing about love, and lamenting about life.
"Life is endless from generation to generation, but the river and the moon are only similar every year." I hope that there will always be such a bright moonlight on our beautiful life journey. Getting together and separation is a major theme in life, and it is also a cocktail mixed with sour, sweet, bitter and spicy. With this glass of wine, we take care of our friends, and with this glass of wine, we send our relatives on a long journey. Parting, longing, and waiting are the three steps that people who gather less and leave more cannot escape. Li Shangyin wrote the word "Farewell" so shockingly that it made people cry. It not only shocked the inner world of husbands and wives all over the world, but also "spring silkworms will die" and "wax torches will turn to ashes" have also become people's feelings and careers until they die. Chongqing, the vow to pursue diligently.
Who can explain in one word the inseparable attachment and hatred between lovers in the world? Take a look at "Yulin Ling" by Liu Yong, a master of poetry.
The chilling cicadas, the setting sun, the vast mist, the tearful eyes against the teary eyes, the speechless against the speechless, what a sad and euphemistic picture of weeping with knots in the heart.
A piece of broken willow, a crescent moon, a small boat, a sentimental traveler, a lonely foreigner, what a silk and bamboo tune of deep affection and long-lasting separation and hatred.
Things have changed, time has passed, and the world has changed, but we must always cherish this most beautiful human emotion in our hearts.
The scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River have fascinated people since ancient times. The tide of Qiantang and the beautiful scenery of West Lake are even more enchanting. And once inspired by Liu Yong's "Wang Hai Tide", even foreign countries thousands of miles away began to "throw a whip to cross the river" and take over the south of the Yangtze River.
Expand "Looking at the Sea Tide" and you will see a peaceful scene of prosperous businesses. Ancient Hangzhou, where merchants gathered, had smoked willows on painted bridges and windy green curtains, and was immersed in the peaceful atmosphere of singing and dancing with "singing every night, orchestral music every house".
However, Hangzhou, known as a paradise, has even more beautiful scenery: Qiantang and West Lake in August. The spring tide of Qiantang is the clear sky clearing the waves, and the roaring waves roll up the frost and snow; the beautiful scenery of the West Lake is the silk and bamboo orchestra of "three autumn osmanthus, ten miles of lotus".
Beautiful scenery, beautiful pictures, beautiful writing style, beautiful charm, beautiful melody, Liu Yong tells us here what true beauty, refined beauty is.
Without Su Shi, China's literary world would have lost its luster, as "Nian Nujiao Goes Eastward" can attest.
This eternal song, with its overwhelming momentum and profound sense of history, has impressed countless patriots and poets, and it still lingers today.
Reading this classic that can be read through the back of the paper, we saw Su Dongpo drinking wine in the wind and heard his sighs traveling through time and space. On one side is the flowing reality: rocks piercing the sky, stormy waves crashing on the shore, rivers roaring, and thousands of walls standing tall; on the other side is the past history: beacon smoke billowing, war flags hunting, Cao Cao, Zhou Yu, and Zhuge Liang, all flashing past our eyes one by one. Every word and sound is a tribute to the beautiful rivers and mountains, an admiration for the historical heroes and an expression of the ambition to serve the country.
This passionate and powerful heroic symphony stirred the hearts of our predecessors and ignited the enthusiasm of today's people to love and serve their country. This is a fire that should be preserved forever. Stand alone on a tall building, slap the railings all over, and look up to the sky and scream. General Yue's song "The River is Red" explains the true meaning of patriotism. When reading this magnificent article that swallows mountains and rivers, a heroic spirit of blood and determination comes to the face. The mountains and rivers were broken, and the people were in ruins, which made Yue Fei angrily accuse the Huns and barbarians; cleaning up the Jin Ou and focusing on supporting the country also made Yue Fei suddenly have the ambition to conquer the clouds. Patriotism, every word here is eloquent: being angry is patriotic, shouting to the sky is patriotic, drinking the blood of Xiongnu is patriotic, and eating Hun meat is patriotic. This sacred and solemn flag makes the entire text full of emotion, every word is radiant, and a tone of loyalty and indignation spurts out. Reading "Man Jiang Hong", General Siyue, it is our duty to inherit this precious spiritual legacy of Everbright.
When it comes to separation, loneliness, and the sadness of autumn, Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice" should be ranked first. Loneliness and longing are one of the basic human emotions. Thinking about people when seeing things and being emotional when touching scenes are human instinctive thinking associations. Being able to convey this kind of psychological feeling thoroughly and clearly, and arouse the spirits of others, is naturally a master of writing. Here, Li Qingzhao can be called everyone. A fallen leaf, the cry of a wild goose, a drop of autumn rain, a green lantern, Li Qingzhao can turn stone into gold, giving it a rich appeal. Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice" uses a clear language style and scattered and harmonious rhythms to create an atmosphere of loneliness and loss that cannot be resolved or dispelled. Reading it, we seem to hear the raindrops in front of the steps, the lonely geese in the sky, and see the fallen leaves of the sycamore trees and the dim lanterns. Undoubtedly, this is a kind of poignant beauty.
The song "Broken Array" brings a sense of heroism. Xin Qiji used his striking brushstrokes to briefly and vigorously outline a sketch of a hero roaring. Determined to serve the country but unable to fulfill his ambition, this is the biggest conflict in the poet's inner world. A sharp sword with cold light, looked at again and again under the lamp; the drum horn urging the army, the neighing war horse, entering the heroic dream that is difficult to realize every night. The decadent dynasty ruthlessly crushed his heroic imagination, leaving only the poet's pale cry of "earning his fame during his lifetime and after his death" in the empty corridors of history.
"Red hands, yellow vine wine, the city is full of spring willows on the palace walls", what gorgeous colors, what a fresh picture, but what it interprets to us is a sad and sad love tragedy.
Feudal ethics destroyed Lu You's innocent love, but it could not stop Lu You from yearning for and singing about love. Faced with the harsh reality, he had no choice but to vent his sorrow and anger into useless words. The song "The Hairpin Phoenix" cannot save Lu You's love world, but it has become an eternal song. By chanting it, can't we clearly hear the cry for freedom of love?
Articles are passed down by people, and people are passed down by articles. A piece of "Yueyang Tower" immortalized Fan Zhongyan. Since ancient times, it has been difficult to write notes about towers, but "Yueyang Tower Notes" is like a spring breeze blowing in the face. A short essay of 400 words, narrative, scene description, and theory are integrated into one, complementing each other without leaving any trace. The narrative is concise and clear; the description of the scenery is unpredictable; the reasoning is to warn the world. The ups and downs of Yueyang Tower and the ups and downs of Dongting Lake are very similar to the replacement of dynasties, the ups and downs of officialdom and the journey of life in the human world. Although Fan Zhongyan was in adversity, he still cared about the world. He climbed to the towering Yueyang Tower, looked across the eight hundred miles of Dongting, and expressed his heartfelt voice that shocked the past and the present: "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness"!
Giving human character and emotion to a non-human thing can best reveal a person’s mood and style. The "On Love of Lotus" written by Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, has won constant admiration from the world for its extraordinary and refined character.
The author admires the lotus because of its ability to emerge from the mud and remain unstained. This kind of praise for the gentleman among the flowers is exactly the pursuit and yearning for the human spiritual realm. In the noble spiritual kingdom, glory, wealth, fame and wealth are just passing smoke. Even if they are as gorgeous as a peony, they will eventually return to mediocrity. The perfection and enrichment of personality, integrity, and spirit are the highest pursuit of self-cultivation.
A piece of "Ode to Afang Palace" tore apart the extravagance and decadence of the feudal dynasty for generations to see.
In fact, Du Mu just revealed the most basic fact in "A Fang Gong Fu": the carved beams and painted buildings that stretch for three hundred miles are the bones of the toiling people; the lingering sound of the Chaoge and night strings are exactly the A variation of the poor people crying about hunger and cold; the magnificent Epang Palace is the grave dug by Emperor Qin himself. The lessons learned from the past are left to future generations. "Afanggong" is both an elegy and a warning.
Living in a shabby house and worrying about the world has been a noble and upright thing respected by people with lofty ideals since ancient times. Liu Yuxi issued his resounding life declaration with the hand-to-hand work "Inscription on the Humble Room". In this short article of only 81 words, we can clearly interpret such an optimistic and philosophical attitude towards life: poverty in life will never hinder the wealth of spirit. Having noble sentiments and broad mind, you will have Once you have entered the rich and colorful spiritual square, the poor material world will suddenly bloom with strange colors for you. A piece of moss, a touch of grass, a wisp of breeze, and a croak of frogs all have a somewhat holy meaning. Having reached this level, we can calmly ask: "What is so bad about a person who has escaped from low-level tastes"?
Late autumn, the setting sun, the lonely sail, and the old land can best arouse a feeling of melancholy. Worry about your loved ones, worry about your future, worry about money, worry about your country, worry about the world. The different worries will reveal your realm. Wang Anshi climbed high in the scenic spot of Jinling and looked far into the distance. The gains and losses of the ages, as well as the ups and downs of current affairs, all came to the bottom of his heart. Listening to the roaring river, the sound of "Flowers in the Back Garden", the voice of the country's subjugation, is still in my ears; looking at the ruins of the ancient capital, the warning words of "Korea captures the tiger outside the door, Zhang Lihua above the building" is as vivid as ever.
Appreciating the autumn colors, feeling sad about the late scenery, sighing at the changing times, and expressing your feelings, what a unique song "Cinnamon Stick Fragrance"!
"Magpie Bridge Immortal" Heaven and earth, earth and heaven, Qin Guan leads us to a holy and beautiful land of tenderness by enlightening the beautiful legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
Looking up at the brilliant stars and patrolling the endless sky, people are endlessly searching for spiritual sustenance and pursuit of love. People tell the myth of meeting on Chinese Valentine's Day over and over again, pursuing again and again, failing again and again, and struggling again and again. After thousands of years of suffering in the world of mortals, people have learned to taste joy in the tragedy of failure, and to seek eternity in the comedy of joy. Qin Shaoyou's sentence "If the love lasts for a long time, how can we stay together day and night" expresses the true meaning of this.
What does it mean to be free and happy? What is lofty sentiments? Read Li Bai's "Journey into Wine"! Throughout the ages, countless poems have been written about wine, but none seems to be as soul-stirring and hearty to read as "About to Enter the Wine". Meeting friends over wine is one of the great pleasures in life. Originally, Li Bai and his friend Yuan Danqiu were invited to attend this banquet as guests, but Li Bai became the guests instead and became very arrogant at the banquet, chatting and bossing around. The banquet became a touching moment of life. pulpit. This shocking work uses the momentum of riding the wind and carrying thunder and lightning to express the sentimentality of a giant. There is no need to misinterpret "Life must be full of joy" as Li Bai's sinking. The cry of "I am born with talents, and I will come back after all the money I have spent" shows Li Bai's declaration of life values.
Let us go upstream along the riverbed of time and go back to 1,200 years ago. On the bank of the beautiful Huanhua River in Chengdu, there is the simplest and most ordinary thatched hut. However, in this thatched cottage, a heart of thinking about the people, thinking about the common people, and worrying about the world is beating tenaciously. Du Fu, who was revered as China's "Poetic Saint" by later generations, lived here, relying on this hut to protect him from wind and rain. But God refused to give him even this bit of mercy. The autumn wind howled and the heavy rain swept away the roof of the thatched cottage. Faced with the scattering of thatch and the snatching by the crowd of children, the skinny poet, with his lips burnt and his mouth dry, leaning on his stick and sighing, extended the idea from "my house is broken alone" to "the poor people in the world", and with his broad patriotism and love for the people, he issued It has been said forever that "there are tens of thousands of vast buildings, and the great shelter of the poor people all over the world makes them happy". The poet was full of passion and wrote this song "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" that will last forever.
Throughout the ages and from generation to generation, people have never stopped singing about love. Love is always the leading theme in poetry. However, is there any other song about love that echoes so far away and is so touching as Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow"? "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is undoubtedly a miracle in the gallery of Chinese love classics. The strange thing is that the protagonist of the love story is actually an emperor. This positioning determines the legendary nature of this love, and the protagonist of this love tragedy is precisely the creator of the tragedy. Its magic lies in the fact that it blends political tragedy and love tragedy without leaving a trace, weaving it into a sad, touching, and pathos human myth. What Bai Juyi tells us in his unique voice is both a human story and a fairy tale, a ruthless lashing of the feudal dynasty and a heartfelt praise of pure love. Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang Guifei have long since disappeared, but Bai Juyi's ode to love has been charming and lasting for generations.
Li Bai, the most brilliant statue in the Chinese poetry world. His romantic feelings always shine with strange aura in his colorful landscape poems. In the immortal masterpiece "The Road to Shu is Difficult", he interpreted the highest level of "romance" and "realm" to the world with his unbridled imagination and otherworldly writing.
In this large splash-ink freehand painting depicting the ancient road of Shu, Li Bai used his unpredictable brushwork to not only describe the majesty, twists and turns, precipitousness and majesty of the Shu road, but also the miraculous and magical effects of nature. It shocks people's soul and expresses their feelings about landscapes and objects, blending imagination, exaggeration, myth and reality without leaving any trace. From Wu Ding's opening of the mountain to the six dragons' return to the sun, from the yellow crane's difficulty in flying to the sorrowful crossing of the ape, he also uses the molar teeth of a tiger and a snake to suck blood and kill people like hemp, alluding to the so-called peaceful and prosperous age of the Tang Dynasty in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. of numerous social crises. What we see now is the chant of the ancients thousands of years ago facing nature.
Relatives and friends gather together to talk about mulberry and hemp over wine, about heroes over wine, and about the world over wine, which are all different realms of life. Xin Qiji's "Talking about Wine in a Changting Pavilion" is a great scene of worrying about the world.
It was originally a drink with friends, but the glass of wine that Xin Qiji picked up was not only filled with feelings of farewell and slight resentment about not being able to make an appointment, but was more concerned about the perilous current situation, Broken mountains and rivers. He used the bleak winter scenery in front of him of magpies trampling on pine branches, snow falling on broken hats, sparse plum blossoms and solitary wild geese, and remaining mountains and rivers to lament the sorrow and indignation that the situation was about to end and that there was no way to serve the country.
The distinctive characteristics of Xin's Ci are fully demonstrated in "The Story of Wine at a Changting Pavilion". Accompanied by the rumble of the chariots and the neighing of the war horses, it has been rolled over for centuries and will forever be frozen in the gallery of history. Du Fu used his magical pen to depict a long scroll of life and death in the war-torn era. Unfolding this scroll, tragic and tragic scenes come to mind: bursts of chest-beating and crying, a series of sad instructions, pairs of hands tightly grasping the lapels of relatives, groups of dust raised by speeding military vehicles, and that The border fortress is full of blood and bones, the homes are in ruins, and the people are in dire straits. Anger and sorrow all spurt out from the poet's writing, penetrating directly into the militaristic dark dynasty. The song "Army Chariots" is a bloody accusation and a torture of history.
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