Zhao Shixiu is an outstanding poet in "Yongjia Four Spirits". Poetics Yao He, Jia Dao respected Yao and Jia as "two wonderful". Yao's 12 1 poem and Jia's 8 1 poem were selected in Ermiao Collection. Most of them are five-character poems. He also compiled "Imitation Collection", excluding Du Fu from 76 schools of Jin Shen's "Flattery * * *" and choosing as many as 23 poems by Liu Changqing. The purpose of compilation is similar to that of Ermiao Collection, which is a supplement to Ermiao Collection. Poetry is still a simple description, which is opposite to the "book poetry" of Jiangxi Poetry School. However, in his own poetry creation practice, he often copied Yao and Jia's poems and poems with similar styles to Yao and Jia's, or applied their syntax. For example, Yao He's "Send a message to the ancestors" "There are many water in the postal road, and the city is half in the clouds." Zhao Shi's "Shi Xue Gualu" has "the wild water is not limited to the ground, and the spring mountain is half cloudy." This is an example ("Poet Jade Scrap" Volume 19, quoting yellow N language). He is good at five laws, and there are two couplets describing scenery in the middle, with occasional epigrams, such as "Tongbaiguan", "Waterfalls are wet in the spring breeze, and pine trees are sunny and sunny". However, there are not many complete people. Claiming that "a lucky article has only forty words, add one more word." What should I do? " (Liu Kezhuang's Introduction to Wild Valley Collection) I can see that it is dry and embarrassing. The four-line "Guest" wrote: "In Huangmei season, it rains at home, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. If you don't come at midnight, knock off the chess pieces and die. " Clear and natural, it is selected by many anthologies.
Zhao Shixiu Collection consists of two volumes, and the other volume Tianletang Collection is 1, which has been lost. His collection of books in Qingyuanzhai 1 volume, including The Sages of Southern Song Dynasty and Poems of Yongjia Poets' Ancestral Temple.
Delegate guest
Mei Huang Shi, every family was flooded by rain, and the pond was covered with green grass and frogs.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp.
sky
The autumn wind bullied the sick man for several days, blowing away all the yellow leaves and being admitted to the hospital.
The forest is far from the mountain, but it is half covered by clouds.
Anxi
Counting Lian Xi Road, the east wind blows harder. The cold leaves of rice are thin, and the old flowers are loose and late.
Take a nap without company, and there are poems in the past. The new fluorescence is still small, and the empty pool is not dark.
Rock monk
The door is open on the stone floor, and few people board it every day. A bird flew over the cold forest, and several flowers shook the rattan.
Tea is fried with ice, and the headlights are fragrant. I am also avoiding fame. Why do I look like this monk?
Yongjia Four Spirits "Yongjia Four Spirits" is a school of poetry and literature in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Because their native place is Yongjia, Zhejiang (now Wenzhou), their characters or numbers all have the word "Ling". Zhao Shixiu's name is Ling Xiu, Weng Juan's word is Ling Shu, Ji Xu's word is Ling Yuan, and Zhao Xu's word is Hui Ling. Their poetic styles and life experiences are similar, so they are linked together and named as "Yongjia Siling". They are all middle and lower-class literati, some have been small officials, some have not been officials, and they are full of grievances. Therefore, in terms of poetry, they clearly take Jia Dao and Yao He, who are closest to their own life experiences and interests, as models, and take the Five Laws as the main writing carrier, and painstakingly sharpen their own words and expressions to show a sad and indifferent state of mind and a sense of natural indifference. Zhao Shixiu ranks fourth among the "Yongjia Four Spirits", but his position is the most prominent in terms of influence. This is not only because he is the "best" in his creation (He Shang's Poems in the Wine Garden), but also because he summarized the artistic opinions of his peers by compiling two episodes of Er Miao and Zhong Miao, publicly played the banner of patriarchal clan system in the late Tang Dynasty and called for "Yao Jia's poetic method", which directly influenced a large number of Jianghu poets and broke the rule that "books are poems". Liu Kezhuang's poems. If there are words in the world, there will be no poems. " Although the language is not without exaggeration, it reflects Zhao Shixiu's position as the leader of the poetic world in the eyes of most Jianghu poets.
Appreciation of the work "Guests" It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp.
(1) Guest:
Invite guests to meet. ② Huangmei Season: During April and May of the lunar calendar, plums in the south of the Yangtze River are yellow and ripe, which is often called "Plum Rain Season" when it rains repeatedly, so the rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River is called "Huangmei Season". Plums in the south of the Yangtze River are ripe, which means early summer. (3) It rains at home: every family catches up with the rain. It is raining everywhere. Frogs everywhere: frogs everywhere. 5 dating: inviting friends. ⑥ Falling into snuff: In the old society, the oil lamp was used for lighting, and the wick burned out, falling like a shining little flower. Fall: To cause to fall. Snuff: The wick burns out to form flowers. The invitees are selected from Qingyuan Zhai Ji (Sages of Southern Song Dynasty). Mei Huangshi, it's raining everywhere. On the edge of the grassy pond, there are frogs. It's past midnight and the invited guests haven't come yet. I knocked on the desktop alone and knocked down the snuff. This is Zhao Shixiu's masterpiece. This poem is about a poet traveling alone on a stormy summer night. Poetry expresses the poet's complex thoughts and feelings by writing scenery and expressing emotion. It is an exquisite poem, with a blend of scenes, fresh and meaningful, and thought-provoking. make an appointment
The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery and give us a picture of summer rain in the south of the Yangtze River. In the rainy season, the rain is continuous, the pond is rising, the frogs are constantly screaming, and the rural scenery is so fresh, quiet, harmonious and wonderful. However, "all scenery words are sentimental words", and the poet here is not writing scenery for the sake of writing scenery, but has entrusted his complicated thoughts and feelings of being alone in the scenery. Rain in Every Family not only depicts the ubiquity and sudden intensity of plum rains in summer, but also shows the freshness and tranquility of rural scenery, and implies the objective reasons why guests can't keep appointments as scheduled, revealing the poet's helplessness in the rainy weather of plum rains. Frogs Everywhere not only describes the bursts of frogs in the pond, but also sets off the silence with sound, which sets off the quiet and harmonious atmosphere in the countryside during the rainy night and reflects the poet's lonely and uneasy mood. These two poems vividly and truly show the poet's unique psychological feeling that the guests never appear when he is alone waiting for them in the dead of night. Throughout the country, continuous showers, one after another, and endless frogs and drums were originally very harmonious and wonderful, but what is annoying is that this continuous rain prevented friends from keeping their promises, like frogs and drums, which disturbed the poet's mood. At this moment, how the poet hopes that his friends can come as scheduled, rain or shine, play chess with him and eliminate their worries!
The last two sentences of the poem are lyrical in narration, expressing the poet's complex feelings of loneliness, boredom, restlessness and loss. The rain outside the window is dense, the frogs in the pond are noisy, and the lights on the table are swaying. For the sake of the previous agreement, commitment and friendship, although the night is deep, people are quiet, and the snuff on the wick rings again and again, the poet never gives up and still insists on waiting for the arrival of the "guest", but the scheduled guest has never appeared. Faced with this situation, the poet's heart can be described as "a different taste", and that kind of anxiety and helplessness is "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic." The third sentence "I have an appointment not to come over at midnight" is the combination of this feeling and the scenery. As a transition from scenery to emotion, although this sentence is about a friend's failure to keep an appointment, this poem contains many expectations and anxieties, many disappointments and regrets. The word "knock" is used skillfully, and then it is decorated with the word "idle". This detail makes people really read out how much boredom and helplessness, how much irritability and anxiety, how much loss and loss, how much loneliness and boredom the poet has in his heart. Through this sentence, we seem to see the lonely poet, sitting at his desk in a rainy night, in a lonely hut, playing with chess pieces helplessly in the flickering light. The image of a lonely and melancholy person who values emotion and righteousness stands out in front of readers. These two sentences are false in reality, and they are written about a friend's failure to keep an appointment, while the poet's faithfulness and trustworthiness show the poet's complex thoughts and feelings and faint blame for his friends. It is only because the first two sentences exaggerate the fresh, quiet, harmonious and wonderful pastoral scenery that readers feel that the poet's heart is so calm and calm, and the blame for his friends is so understated.
"Heaven" autumn wind deceives the sick man for several days, blowing yellow leaves to the court.
The forest is far from the mountain, but it is half covered by clouds.
The style of this poem is quite sincere. Writing autumn wind is not bleak and cold, poetic and lively. Qu Yuan's Autumn Wind Curls, Leaves Down in Dongting Wave (Nine Songs, Sweet Lady) describes the autumn wind gently, Du Fu's Leaves Fall Like Waterfalls (Climbing Up) is magnificent, and Song Yu's Sad Autumn is Angry, Bleak and Bleak (Nine Debates) is caused by a stalk in his heart. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Yan liked Yang Wanli best in his poetry criticism. Regarding this poem, he said: "It seems to be a sincere fasting." (The Essence of Song Poetry, Volume 4)
The first characteristic of this quatrain is to pay attention to refining words, which shows the author's skill. There are two words that are beautifully refined. One is the word "deceit", which not only endows autumn wind with human spirituality, but also is full of humor. Autumn wind bullied the sick poet. This kind of poem written in a self-deprecating style is very humorous and humorous. The second is the word "square", "leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall", which makes people feel very sad and sad. Besides, there are deserted courtyards everywhere, but the poet has seen the other side. The leaves are sparse and the mountains are looming, which makes people wonder. Lin seems like a person. It seems that a curtain made of leaves has been opened to "release" the distant mountains, which is both poetic and picturesque.
The second feature of this quatrain is the beauty of painting composition, which refers to the layout and choice of scenery. The poet took the overall situation into consideration, drew the whole picture of the landscape, and highlighted its continuous trend and endless breadth, thus showing the overall layout of the distant mountains to readers and making them feel that they are enjoying a huge painting. The choice of "clouds cover half the picture" is actually to dye the painting with clouds, which more prominently reflects the beauty of composition in this poem with the painter's vision and brushwork.
"Appointment" It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp.
The first two sentences explain the environment and season at that time. Huangmei, the sound of rain, the pond and the sound of frogs describe the summer night scene in the rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River: the sound of rain and the sound of frogs are endless. Reading makes people feel immersive, as if it is drizzling around and frogs are barking around. This seemingly lively environment, in fact, the poet wants to reflect its silence.
The last two issues show people and things. The master waited patiently and anxiously, doing nothing, "knocking" the chess pieces and quietly looking at the sparkling snuff. The third sentence, "I have an appointment and won't come after midnight", points out that the poet invited guests to visit. After midnight shows a long waiting time. I was expecting the guest's knock on the door, but I only heard a burst of rain and frogs, which showed the author's anxious mood. The fourth sentence, "Knocking on chess pieces", is a detailed description. The poet can't wait long for the invitation, and the wick is very long. When the poet is bored, he subconsciously knocks the black and white pieces on the chessboard and knocks down the snuff with the sound of chess. This gesture seems leisurely, but it actually reflects the poet's inner anxiety.
The whole poem not only describes the poet's scene of waiting for a guest to visit on a rainy night, but also writes the feeling of disappointment that the guest has not arrived, which can be described as both form and spirit. The whole poem has a strong flavor of life and gets rid of the habit of carving, so it is beautiful and can be recited.
"It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond." It is a famous sentence in this poem, which vividly reflects the continuous rain and the restless frog atmosphere in the rainy season.
It's worth a taste.