Historical experience tells us that a nation that is diligent in reading and full of books is prosperous and creative; And a nation that ignores reading and doesn't like reading is stagnant and has a sad future. Chinese reading is an open system, including in-class reading and extracurricular reading. Reading in class is limited, and reading outside class is infinite. Extracurricular reading provides a broad space for the development of people's literacy, especially the cultivation of cultural literacy. Primary school students only read twelve textbooks for six years, and they read the least. The narrow reading range is really disturbing. Only one Chinese class can't learn Chinese well, and even a 45-minute class can't learn Chinese well. Without rich reading accumulation after class, cultivating students' reading ability and humanistic quality will fail.
Teaching should be based on classroom and guided by extracurricular activities. Combine classroom teaching with extracurricular reading closely, enrich teaching content, expand students' reading range, and use the methods learned in classroom reading to form a good habit of reading consciously and independently. As a supplement and extension of classroom teaching and an important part of students' self-education, extracurricular reading plays an important role in cultivating students' own abilities and broadening school education. Therefore, in June 2008, I conducted a questionnaire survey on the extracurricular reading of the third-grade students in Anlianhu Airport Primary School, and called some students to have a discussion, aiming at understanding the extracurricular reading of the primary school students in this area through this window, so as to provide some basis and reference for the work of primary school Chinese teachers to be carried out more effectively.
In this survey, I started with the attitude, interest, time, content, habits and methods of primary school students' extracurricular reading. * * * 98 questionnaires were sent out, including 48 people in five classes in one class for three years, 10, class 2 for three years 10, and class 4 for three years 10. 98 questionnaires were collected, all of which were valid.
First, the optimistic aspects of primary school students' extracurricular reading in the current environment:
According to the survey results, although primary school students have heavy learning tasks and great pressure, they still have correct views on the importance of extracurricular reading, and correct subjective understanding provides feasibility for our educators to carry out extracurricular reading activities. The specific results are as follows:
1, the reading purpose is correct.
Among the primary school students surveyed, 75.5% think reading is very helpful for their growth; 23.5% students choose average; No student thinks that reading is not helpful or has a negative impact on his growth.
Among the students surveyed, 74.5% middle school students think that reading extracurricular books is mainly to broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge and improve their Chinese ability; 1.0% students think that reading extracurricular books has no clear purpose, just to complete the teacher's task and read some books; 9.2% students think that reading extracurricular books is purely for recreation, 15.3% students are completely out of interest.
2. Students are interested in reading.
28.6% students are very interested in extracurricular reading, 60.2% students are interested in extracurricular reading, 1 1.2% students are not interested in extracurricular reading, and students who are not interested in reading extracurricular books at all.
45.9% students read extracurricular books during lunch break and after school. 25.5% students make full use of Saturday and Sunday to study. 2 1.4% students read after class during the long vacation, and 7. 15% students read at any time.
3. Reading is extensive.
According to the survey, there are many kinds of extracurricular reading for primary school students, including Chinese and foreign famous books, novels, science fiction, natural science, fairy tales and fables, cartoons, study guidance materials and so on. Most students love several kinds, which reflects the requirements of primary school students for understanding many aspects of society. Reading these books, paying attention to natural science and understanding the development of science and technology will undoubtedly help them cultivate their wisdom, sentiment and aesthetic taste.
4. Parents' attitude towards extracurricular reading is correct.
Among the students surveyed, 77.6% were supported by their parents. Sometimes for and sometimes against18.4%; Parents don't care, accounting for 3.1%; Only 1.0% people object. Although parents have a correct attitude, there is still a lack of practice on what principles should be followed in extracurricular reading, how to guide students in extracurricular reading and how to ensure the high quality and efficiency of extracurricular reading.
Second, the current problems of primary school students' extracurricular reading environment
1, restore reading.
The reduction of reading volume is mainly manifested in the lack of reading time. After the implementation of quality education and "burden reduction" measures in primary schools, students' leisure time has increased, but the time for reading extracurricular books and periodicals has decreased, which is a relative decrease in reading time. Except for school, homework, housework and rest time, students usually have free leisure time of 1-3 hours (double on Saturday and Sunday), but the proportion of students who often read books and periodicals for more than 1 hour is16.3%; 70.4% students spend half an hour to an hour; 13.3% students can't watch it for half an hour, and 4. 1% students hardly read extracurricular books. * * * Page 6, currently page 1
2. Sensitization of reading interest-reading interest and taste decline.
Reading interest and taste are evaluation indexes about reading purpose, interest orientation, content, attribute and type of reading materials, which are measured by level. Different reading purposes and interests lead to different choices of reading content, nature and type. The survey results show that the types of books and periodicals that primary school students like to read at present are: cartoons and cartoons; Fairy tales and fables; World famous works; Natural science; Learning guidance materials; Science fiction. Most reading methods are: only 65,438+06.9% people take notes, cards or excerpts while reading; 1 1.0% worried, skimming; 62.3% repeatedly read favorite books or content; Other methods account for 12.5%. Some students think watching TV series is a book. The reading types are mainly caricature, "fast food culture" and popular culture, and the reading purpose is mainly entertainment and leisure. Reading interest is obviously superficial, and science and technology books are ignored. In the process of reading, there is a lack of effective monitoring, with more extensive reading and less intensive reading. One-sided emphasis on "happy reading" of sensory enjoyment leads to students seldom settling down to think and feel, and the reading quality is not high. There are many bestsellers and few classics. Best-sellers like Old Master Q and Mickey Mouse always set off a craze for reading Shang Chao among students. On the contrary, China's four classical novels, foreign masterpieces and so on, if not "forced", students' reading of them is very superficial. Because students find it more interesting to "read" books through movies and TV plays, it is boring and difficult to read famous books carefully.
4. Reading is random and disorderly.
According to the survey, at present, primary school students' extracurricular reading is basically in a state of randomness, disorder and inefficiency. 5 1% chose reading materials according to classmates' recommendations and media advertisements; 30.6% were selected according to the teacher's recommendation and textbook requirements; 18.4% according to parents' requirements. Mainly reflected in:
Track reading popularity. Some students follow the advertisements in the bookstore and talk about what is popular among students and what to see. Reading lacks personality and opinion.
Be keen on leisure reading. Pupils tend to read leisure books with simple and relaxed plots and interesting characters. It is true that reading leisure books is relatively easy, but people who are keen on reading such books can only stay at a superficial and mediocre level forever, and it is impossible to make great gains or make a qualitative leap to reach a new realm.
Don't like to communicate with people. Primary school students don't like talking about famous books together, and 35.9% people share their experiences with their parents in extracurricular reading. No communication or occasional communication accounted for 64.1%; . From this point of view, teachers who can provide students with guidance on reading methods have little effect, and families that are most suitable for cultivating students' reading ability have failed to provide corresponding environment, so students' extracurricular reading must be to grasp which book is which and follow their feelings completely.
It is purely to cope with the immediate learning task. Some students study for a single purpose, that is, when writing or discussing speeches, they quote a few famous sayings and recite a few ancient poems to show their erudition. Such people often pay little attention to the overall context, internal details and spiritual essence of the book. They can only get some fragmentary knowledge, it is impossible to explore the essence of the book, and it is difficult to cultivate their temperament and cultivate their temperament.
Composition, read-only exercises. Some students read extra-curricular books, mainly "Selected Excellent Composition for Primary School Students" and "National Award-winning Composition Collection", and think that reading such books is the most helpful and can directly improve their writing level.
Reading and writing are the three cornerstones for human beings to learn cultural and scientific knowledge, understand the world of characters and symbols, develop wisdom and improve their quality. Since the history of written language, reading has made great contributions to the accumulation, inheritance and sustainable development of human culture and civilization, and to the inheritance, expansion, promotion and development of human moral and wisdom values. Only by reading those high-quality and high-level products can we get rid of the "student accent" and move towards rationality and maturity. However, in the modern society flooded with information, especially in the era when digitalization and networking have become a new way of life for human beings, is it necessary to "retire" or withdraw from the historical stage because of its time-consuming and labor-intensive characteristics? * * * Page 6, current page 2
The answer is no, although the problem of primary school students' extracurricular reading is a cultural phenomenon in the information and digital age, reading is, after all, a basic way for human beings to maintain and develop their own culture and civilization. Reading is to culture what walking is to life. Although modern people have a comfortable and fast way to walk, walking is absolutely indispensable, otherwise life will lose a lot of meaning and freedom. Lack of reading or reduced reading, keen on fashion magazines and comic stories, thus alienating literary classics; Enthusiastic about pop music, Hong Kong and Taiwan movies, but indifferent to books and periodicals. In the long run, the reading channels on which basic cultural quality depends will shrink, which will inevitably lead to the lack of cultural knowledge that provides "nutrition", and then lead to the decline of national basic cultural quality. Students are the masters of the future and the hope of the country. The deterioration of primary school students' reading is not only the reduction of reading time and reading content, but also the neglect of literary masterpieces after class. What is more important is the loss of reading needs, reading interests, reading habits, reading ability and reading aesthetics as the core and essence of learning and cognition! This is the essence of extracurricular reading crisis, the root of the deterioration of national basic cultural quality, and the biggest hidden worry of teenagers' reading deterioration.
Third, the implementation strategy of primary school students' extracurricular reading
1. Create a good extracurricular reading atmosphere at home and at school.
It is wrong to prohibit students' extracurricular reading, but it is obviously not enough or even dangerous to let nature take its course or rely on the natural influence of the environment to read whatever you want. The school is a fixed special place for educating teenagers, and students should read after class under the close attention of Chinese teachers. Parents are the first teachers of the children. Because of blood relationship and ethical relationship, parents are authoritative in educating their children. Therefore, parents should maintain harmony with the school when dealing with children's extracurricular reading.
(1) hold a parent-teacher meeting, and invite parents who are good at guiding their children to read to talk about their own educational methods and change the thinking of "score first". Through the communication between parents, parents can fully realize the far-reaching influence of extracurricular reading on children, thus supporting children's extracurricular reading, creating reading conditions for children, arranging family reading space, purchasing extracurricular books and creating a reading atmosphere.
(2) Set up a book corner, run blackboard newspapers and handwritten newspapers about reading, and create a reading atmosphere in the class. The class committee will formulate corresponding book borrowing system and book management measures, which will be managed by small librarians and carry out book borrowing activities every day. Reading time is from noon to school every day, and The monitor on duty is responsible for supervision every day.
It is believed that schools and families should cooperate closely to form a strong educational force, actively care for, guide and guide students to read extracurricular books, and create a good extracurricular reading atmosphere for students, which will be conducive to the all-round and healthy development of students.
(3) communicate and set an example.
Romain rolland once said: If you want to spread sunshine to others, you must have sunshine in your heart. The art of teaching lies in inspiring, awakening and inspiring. On the one hand, it is emotional inspiration. Teachers' personality charm and literary accomplishment are a great wealth. The role of role models is endless, and the role of teachers can shock students from the depths of their hearts, so that students have a strong internal motivation to improve themselves and improve themselves. Therefore, a teacher should first be a reading enthusiast and become a peer of students' extracurricular reading. Teachers should not only read educational monographs to improve the level of education and teaching, but also read literary masterpieces to improve their literary quality. More importantly, they should read children's literary works close to children's lives. On the other hand, teachers should work hard on extracurricular reading evaluation and give more affirmation and praise to some students with wide knowledge. This not only inspired their confidence in their efforts, but also set an example for their classmates and improved their interest in reading extracurricular books. * * * Page 6, now Page 3
2. Recommend a good extracurricular reading bibliography.
The objectives and tasks of reading teaching, including extracurricular reading guidance, are: to cultivate students' reading ability and skills to meet the actual needs; Introduce the vast amount of Chinese and foreign literature to students, and develop their artistic cognitive ability and aesthetic ability; Cultivate students' correct world outlook, outlook on life and moral beliefs through reading. Extracurricular reading makes up for the limitations of classroom reading teaching in enriching knowledge, improving self-cultivation and cultivating interest. Having made this clear, let's discuss the criteria for choosing extracurricular books. It should include the values of knowledge education, literature education, ideological education and aesthetic education. Therefore, under the guidance of teaching objectives and tasks, we should pay attention to the richness of the genre and content of extracurricular books. Genre should include stories, legends, fairy tales, fables, biographies, diaries, travel notes, science fiction, etc., and the content should involve literature, science, history, geography, politics and other fields. Primary school reading should be based on "reading", reading widely and learning from others. "Bo" refers not only to the quantity of reading, but also to the wide range and variety of reading. Intensive reading based on college "Bo".
From this survey, it is found that students' interest in reading varies with age, years of study, gender, personality and psychological characteristics. Generally speaking, students in lower and middle grades mainly focus on fairy tales, myths, fables and folk stories. Girls generally like to read books with storylines, while boys are interested in history, geography, sports and science. Therefore, teachers should hold a good book recommendation meeting, and works with strong stories can introduce interesting beginnings; Works with beautiful language can recite wonderful fragments; Knowledge-rich works can simply talk about some unknown knowledge suspense of students, thus stimulating students' reading interest.
In the recommendation of extracurricular reading materials, Chinese teachers should grasp the problem of reading quantity. Students have a heavy learning burden. If the amount of extracurricular reading is too large, it will become a burden for students, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of primary school students. If you don't read enough, you won't achieve the expected effect. Mr. Lv Shuxiang thinks that students should read at least 3,000-5,000 words every day to form basic reading ability.
3. Cultivate students' good reading habits.
What kind of thoughts, what kind of behavior; What kind of behavior and habits; What kind of habits, what kind of personality; What kind of personality, what kind of fate. In western education, it is very important to cultivate students' habits. It is believed that forming good habits is an important factor for the success of talents and even the fate of life. So what are the good reading habits?
(1) Develop the habit of reading after school.
Mr. Ye Shengtao introduced to you how people in developed countries loved reading 55 years ago. He said: "In some countries with developed cultures, it goes without saying that scholars, even shop assistants and factory workers regard books as their life, and it is a habit to study whenever they have time." According to the data listed on American professional fast reading websites, we make an estimate: you can read 10000 words in an hour, 5000 words in an hour even if you work hard, and you can read a book with 10 words in an hour every day, which can be finished in 20 days, and you can read at least 10 books a year. Plus two holidays, if you read three hours a day for eight weeks, you can read 30 books in three years. So as long as you persist, your achievements are considerable.
(2) Develop a good habit of concentration and honest study.
Reading should not covet the name of erudition, but should be voluntary and regarded as a need. Ye Shengtao said: "When studying, if you need to search, you can search;" Need reference, you can refer to it; If it should be analyzed in detail, it can be analyzed in detail; You should look at the general idea, you can look at the general idea; The intention between the lines can be distinguished; If there is any omission in righteousness, it can be pointed out; At this point, the habit of reading is almost the same. A person has such a habit that he can learn all his life and benefit all his life. * * * * Page 6, current page 4
(3) Develop a planned and selective reading habit
It is very important to develop a planned and selective reading habit, because in the face of the situation that publications are mixed, we must carefully choose books with high taste and good quality in order to obtain useful knowledge, nutrition and spiritual food. Moreover, students' extracurricular reading time is really limited, and they are really not allowed to spend it at will. Therefore, teachers should guide students to choose the best reading materials in a planned way. Reading scientific works should be the latest, reading literary works should be masterpieces, and reading philosophical works should be handed down from generation to generation. Mr. Ye Shengtao pointed out: First, we should be "timely" and second, we should be "selective". Choosing the best reading materials is like "choose carefully when you run into the warehouse, and take away the most useful ones", and don't take away "moldy, rotten and unsuitable". When talking about extracurricular reading, Teacher Ye also specially provided us with four kinds of books to read. They are: reference books for various subjects, self-cultivation books such as biographies of great men, words and deeds of scholars, appreciation books, novels, scripts, anthologies and poems, and books in need. For example, read some books about swimming before preparing to practice swimming; When something happens in society, read some books about it. Of course, we also "don't set a ban on' don't read this, don't read that'", but "shift our thoughts and efforts to ban books and newspapers and cultivate students' discrimination. "Facts tell us that students like extracurricular reading very much, and it is very important to guide students to develop the habit of selective reading.
(4) Develop the habit of writing reading notes.
Reading notes are what you write down when you are reading, and write it down at any time. When you think about it carefully, it is often chaotic and superficial; Write it down, it must be organized and practical. So reading notes is a good way to urge yourself to study hard. According to the nature of the books read, reading notes can be in the form of lists or miscellaneous notes. Throughout the ages, most successful people have the habit of taking reading notes. For example, when Marx was studying, he often drew lines or took reading notes. Every once in a while, he must read his notes and the places marked in the book to consolidate his very powerful and accurate memory. Many people "hate books when they are used", the main reason is that they are lazy to take notes, which is a very bad reading habit. As the saying goes, "a good memory is worse than writing." Only taking notes while reading can help to combine hand and brain activities with thinking, seeing and remembering, and achieve the purpose of efficient reading. In addition to the "list" and "miscellaneous notes" mentioned by Mr. Ye Shengtao, you can also extract notes from famous sayings and idioms, outlines, brief comments and even experiences. In addition, the author's name, book title or article title, publication time and place need to be clearly recorded for future reference.
4. Guide students to form correct reading methods.
Guiding reading methods and ensuring extracurricular reading time are important conditions for improving the quality of extracurricular reading. Students need knowledge and are eager to have enough time for extensive reading, but many students have no fixed reading time every day. To this end, I arrange a morning meeting class focusing on extracurricular reading every week to ensure that more than half an hour is spent on extracurricular reading every day.
(1) Pay attention to the integration of reading after class. The improvement of students' reading ability is often "learning in class and benefiting after class". Therefore, in Chinese teaching, we should teach students some learning methods: let students handle the relationship between intensive reading and rough reading, and pay equal attention to the depth and breadth of reading; We should not only promote reading by writing, but also promote reading by writing. When reading after class, teachers should talk less and read more, leaving more time and space for students to read and think, and strive to make them read more and accumulate more.
(2) Handle the relationship between homework and reading. Teachers should assign homework according to the actual situation of students, and don't engage in sea tactics. At the same time, teachers should realize that extensive reading helps to improve students' comprehensive quality, thus improving their academic performance. In addition, teachers should also do a good job of parents and change their ideas. Parents can understand the sociality of language learning through parent-teacher conferences and home visits, and realize that the improvement of children's language ability depends on the establishment of extensive knowledge background and the accumulation of rich extracurricular reading, thus gaining strong support from parents. * * * Page 6, current page 5
(3) Reduce the utilitarian purpose of extracurricular reading. In fact, people are born to love reading, but we have increased the utilitarian purpose too much, making reading a "chore". In the early stage of reading, we should focus on cultivating students' interest in reading and let children feel successful and satisfied. Don't emphasize how much to extract and how many reading notes to write. We can hold a "reading club" so that children can exchange reading experiences, learn about all works through teachers' reading excerpts, and stimulate children's reading desire through teachers' telling stories.
(4) Teaching scientific reading methods. Scientific reading method is the basic guarantee to carry out extracurricular reading activities. One is the diversification of reading methods, such as silent reading, reading aloud,
Used for intensive reading, intensive reading, skimming, etc. Choose the reading method according to the content of the article; The second is to think while reading, sketch and annotate, and develop the habit of "not reading without moving pen and ink"; Third, cooperative reading, exchange and discuss with others after reading; Fourth, read selectively and consciously resist those vulgar and vulgar books that are not good for physical and mental health; Fifth, practice reading, and apply the knowledge learned from extracurricular reading to study life, such as writing, class blackboard newspaper, cultural activities, etc. And constantly improve the quality of reading.
5. Cooperate with extracurricular reading activities and pay close attention to implementation.
In order to stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading and improve their level of extracurricular reading, teachers can guide the activities after reading. Use the five-minute lecture in class to urge students to read excellent articles intensively after class. The specific method is: in the class for about 5 minutes, let the students recommend and introduce the famous works they have read recently and feel valuable to their classmates in the form of speeches. The introduction includes: the author's brief introduction, the value of the work, the summary of the content or the basic point of view, the wonderful fragments in reading and some feelings. Each class takes turns according to the seat, at least once a semester. After each speech, the teacher should make some comments concisely. Comments are rich, diverse and individual, which is a kind of daily reading and an equal exchange of ideas. Every lecture requires students to study repeatedly, collect information extensively and write papers. You can have an outline when giving a speech to encourage "talk shows". Individuals with low academic qualifications are allowed to "read this book". After class, help students revise, enrich and improve the manuscript, and then circulate it in the whole class, so that students can experience a profound spiritual growth process and all-round training of Chinese ability in one speech. I am not satisfied with reading as a skill, but use it to light up students' lives, give them a sense of satisfaction, liberation and promotion, release endless spiritual energy, and promote students' self-improvement and spiritual growth in reading. This activity promotes the combination of students' reading skills and knowledge, and also poses new challenges to teachers, forcing them to read extensively and think deeply. In addition, you can hold poetry reading meetings, story meetings, and reports on your reading experience, mobilize students to run their own tabloids, write their own books (fairy tales, fables, poems, short stories created by students), write reading notes, and write book reviews; You can also carry out storytelling competitions, speech contests, handwritten newspapers, handwritten book reviews, comments on "My Reading Bibliography", reading notes, composition comments, etc. In addition, each class can also set up its own book corner and newspaper reading column. Mobilize students to subscribe to newspapers collectively, and mobilize parents and all sectors of society to donate books for students. In this way, it is not difficult to form a good atmosphere for students to love books, read books and buy books (with the pocket money saved).
Pay close attention to the time to implement the unified guidance of extracurricular reading, and ensure that the weekly extracurricular reading guidance class is dedicated; Students' free reading time should be implemented, reducing homework and increasing reading time; Check the implementation, regularly check, supervise, communicate and evaluate the progress of students' extracurricular reading, and regularly count the titles and words of students' reading, so that students can form a habit; And praise the advanced in time to expand the influence.
Suhomlinski said in "Suggestions for Teachers": "If you want teachers' labor to bring fun to teachers, so that attending classes every day will not become a boring obligation, then you should guide every teacher to the road of happiness in research. "Research drives teaching, and teaching promotes research. They complement each other and are inseparable. Research-oriented teachers are the needs of studying primary school students' extracurricular reading and the needs of the times. Only the efforts of the whole society can open a new situation for primary school students to read, and can effectively guide students to build their own spiritual home and improve their spirit through reading.