What are the characteristics of the questions in the classical Chinese reading section of the high school entrance examination?
1. Increased the weight of the examination of ancient poetry and prose. In 2001, many regions, such as Xiamen, Guangxi and other places, have increased the number of classical Chinese reading paragraphs from the traditional one paragraph to two paragraphs. The proportion of tests on reciting or dictating paragraphs, articles, famous quotes, police names, etc. that have this requirement has risen to a new level. Although many new question types have appeared, traditional explanations and translations still account for a large proportion.
2. Most of the reading materials are selected from the basic categories of classical Chinese, but there is a tendency to be gradually replaced by extracurricular materials. For example, in Jilin, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Wuhan, Hunan, Changsha, Hangzhou and other places, extracurricular classical Chinese is tested. Because the examination of extracurricular essays avoids the phenomenon of guessing and answering questions, the propositions can better test students' reading ability and level and improve the validity of evaluation.
3. Pay attention to the basic knowledge and basic abilities necessary for reading classical Chinese. Including understanding the meaning of common classical Chinese words, understanding the general meaning of classical Chinese sentences, understanding the main content and basic writing methods of classical Chinese, etc. The examination of the overall perception, understanding and comprehension of the article has become a new focus. The proportion of objective questions is greatly reduced, subjective questions including open-ended questions will gradually increase, and comparative reading of classical Chinese will also become a highlight of the examination.
4． There were some open-ended test questions that were combined inside and outside the classroom, which opened up new ideas for propositions in classical Chinese. For example, the test questions in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province require the names of King Fu Chai of Wu - Wu Zixu, Duke Huan of Cai - Bian Que, King Huai of Chu - Qu Yuan, Duke Zhuang of Lu - Cao GUI, King Wei of Qi - Zou Ji, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty - Wei Zheng, etc. Human examples are written in an argumentative text.
5． Pay attention to the test of creative reading ability. For example, the Putian City test question in Fujian requires that after reading "Horse", write a famous aphorism about talents from the selected text.
In view of the above characteristics and development trends, the review methods and coping strategies are:
1. Comprehensive review combined with key review. This third year of junior high school has its own special features. The new syllabus has just been promulgated, so everyone should conduct a comprehensive review and sorting out the basic contents of ancient poetry and prose stipulated in the previous syllabus. In many regions, in addition to paying attention to "quantity", the reading questions also pay attention to the "face" issue. For example, Suqian, Jiangsu Province in 2002 selected "Mencius Chapter 2", but the design question involved "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountains" "The Family of Chen She", "Inscriptions on the Humble Room", "The Drunkard's Pavilion", etc. There are also some places where the examination of classical Chinese texts does not use the form of central paragraphs, but the style of scattered flowers, which reminds us that a comprehensive review is indispensable.
On the basis of comprehensive review, the key points must also be highlighted. Review points: first, ancient Chinese prose, and second, ancient poetry. Generally speaking, the ancient Chinese texts in volumes four, five, and six are the focus of review. Looking at the high school entrance examination questions from various places in the past two years, "The Master's Guide", "Mencius Chapter Two" and "The Story of the Nuclear Boat" are all the most frequently tested texts, "The Story of Horses", "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", "The Chen She Family", "The Story of the Yueyang Tower", "The Story of the Yueyang Tower" Texts such as "The Drunkard's Pavilion" are also tested more frequently. Other texts such as "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", "The Story of Love Lotus" and "Inscriptions on the Humble House" are also covered in different regions every year. These texts are the focus of review. Before the high school entrance examination, we can even determine the most important texts, that is, these key texts minus the literary passages that have appeared in the local high school entrance examination in the past three years. Generally speaking, passages or passages that have been tested in recent years have a very low chance of appearing again this year. But please note that this is not absolute. We must review and organize the key texts word for word.
2. Combining in-class review with extra-curricular learning. In view of the requirements of the high school entrance examination trend, when we review in-class classical Chinese texts, we should also learn some extra-curricular classical Chinese texts that are similar in content and features to the texts or have a similar level of difficulty. For example: when reviewing "The Story of the Snake Catcher", you can study "A Harsh Rule Is More Fierce than a Tiger" in the "Book of Rites" and compare the two articles to better understand the thoughts and feelings of the work. In 2001 and 2002, many areas have used extracurricular materials for classical Chinese reading in the high school entrance examination. This trend should be noted and more accumulation should be done in daily life.
3. Comprehensive training combined with specialized exercises. Reviewing classical Chinese and comprehensive training requires facing an overwhelming amount of training materials. When time is tight, students can not only make up their own exercises according to the situation, but also choose some that pay attention to the latest trends in teaching, grasp the latest pulse of middle school teaching and research, and pay attention to practical results. Magazine materials are provided for training. You can also choose high school entrance examination questions in recent years to strengthen practice, so as to feel the test situation and content of classical Chinese reading, and to discover and make up for your own shortcomings in daily learning. In addition to comprehensive exercises, special exercises are also very important, such as review according to some characteristics and rules of classical Chinese knowledge. To read classical Chinese, you must master some characteristics of classical Chinese content words, classical Chinese function words, and classical Chinese sentence patterns, so as to eliminate reading obstacles. For example, in classical Chinese, you need to understand monosyllabic words, ancient and modern synonyms, polysemy words, pseudonymous words, and conjugation of parts of speech, etc. Each knowledge point must be explained with examples to help grasp its regularity.
4． Strengthen reading and recitation of classical Chinese. To read classical Chinese texts smoothly, you must correctly handle pauses in classical Chinese sentences after understanding the meaning of words and sentences. If pauses are handled properly, reading will be natural and smooth, and recitation will be much easier.
Especially for some long sentences and sentences that are prone to ambiguity, it is necessary to connect the context and carefully analyze the structural level of the sentence to avoid misunderstandings. Reading aloud and reciting are very effective for accumulating perceptual materials of classical Chinese and gradually deepening the understanding of the text. Particular attention should be paid to recitation, because recitation-related dictation questions are the most common. It is necessary to check recitation through dictation, and the scoring is strict. Three points should be paid attention to when reciting: first, the content is correct, and no random addition or deletion of words or transpositions is allowed; second, the writing is correct and no typos are written; third, the memorized content can be flexibly reproduced and relevant texts can be extracted to answer questions.
5． The classical Chinese test in the high school entrance examination mostly appears in the form of paragraphs. The selected passage may be one in-class passage, one extra-curricular passage, or two extra-curricular passages. The purpose of testing the Chinese language passages in the selected courses is to test the students’ mastery of the knowledge of classical Chinese in the class. This requires students to have a solid grasp of in-class knowledge. The purpose of selecting extracurricular Chinese language passages is to test students' transfer ability of classical Chinese knowledge in class, to test whether students can transform knowledge into abilities and to judge the meaning according to the specific context. Even extracurricular language segments often involve knowledge of in-class language segments. For example, in the multiple-choice questions, the content of in-class language segments may appear. Therefore, students must base themselves on classical Chinese in class, review it solidly, and use it flexibly to combine in-class and extra-curricular knowledge.
In addition, there is another issue that needs attention in the selection of articles, and that is the "Implementation Outline for Citizens' Moral Construction" promulgated by the state, which clearly points out the importance of citizen moral construction and proposes that socialist moral construction is An important part of the development of advanced culture; it proposes basic moral standards for citizens: patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and integrity, unity and friendliness, diligence, thrift and self-reliance, and dedication. In the context of this large social topic selection, the selection of classical Chinese reading articles may be based on patriotism, integrity, unity and friendliness, respecting the elderly and caring for the young, etc.
Pay attention to the adjustment of text selection. From the new textbooks used in the fall of 2000, since the proportion of classical Chinese texts accounts for 30%, many of them are newly added. These new texts will definitely become the key text selections for the high school entrance examination questions. Therefore, these texts must be Special attention.