1. Expression is an important means for poets to express their thoughts and feelings, which are commonly described as narration, description, lyricism and discussion. Among them, lyricism is particularly prominent. Lyrics can be divided into direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. Direct lyric is also called direct expression.
Indirect lyricism is common, such as on-site lyricism, lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism in scenery, lyricism by holding things, etc. Presence refers to the feeling when encountering the scene or scene in front of you.
As the name implies, lyric by scenery means expressing emotions by scenery.
Feeling in the landscape is to integrate feelings into the depicted landscape.
The difference between expressing meaning with objects and expressing feelings with scenery.
Expressing one's will by supporting things often depends on certain characteristics of things. This "thing" is not a "scene", and chanting things is not writing a scene. The "scenery" of borrowing scenery to express feelings refers to natural scenery, not some object.
The "ambition" to express ambition can refer to feelings, ambitions, sentiments, hobbies, wishes, demands, etc. And the "feeling" of borrowing scenery to express feelings specifically refers to feelings such as love, hate, praise, joy and sadness.
2. Expression technique, also called artistic technique, refers to the composition and skills of poetry.
1 rendering.
Rendering is to describe the environment and scenery in various ways to highlight the image and enhance the artistic effect.
2 aluminum foil.
Used in poetry creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed is obviously prominent. Highlight the main object by depicting other things.
It can be a contrast between people, a combination of static and dynamic, a happy scene with a happy feeling, and a sad scene with a sad feeling.
"Emotion makes you happy, but emotion makes you sad". The beauty of the poet lies in integrating emotions into the scene, conveying his emotions through the scene, and achieving the blending of the scene.
Or happy scenery with sad feelings. Write sorrow with joy, and see more of its sorrow.
3 implicit.
Implicit, as the name implies, not straightforward and unclear, euphemistically expressing subjective feelings.
4 Use allusions.
That is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works.
5 symbols.
Symbol is a way of expressing things and wishes. In some things, it has been generally accepted by people because of long-term use.
6 empathy.
Empathy is to transfer people's emotions to things and let foreign things share joys and sorrows with people.
⑦ Virtual and reality coexist.
8 inhibition.
It means to suppress first and then promote or suppress first and then promote.
Pet-name ruby contrast.
The purpose of comparison is to highlight one aspect of the poet's thoughts and feelings.
3. The use of rhetorical devices.
Rhetorical devices (metaphor, personification, contrast, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, contrast, allusions, rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions)
Use metaphor, analogy, symbol, arousal and other means to make the described things more vivid;
Use exaggerated, biased, contrast, graceful melody, questioning and questioning to highlight the theme of the poem;
The use of synaesthesia, metonymy, pun, overlap, duality and repetition makes the words in the poem more refined.
Second, the classification of poetry content
Farewell poems to friends, lyric poems to borrow scenery, poems to think about women, poems to express feelings about things, and poems to chant epic poems.
Travel poems, frontier poems, situational poems, pastoral poems.
Farewell poems mostly remind and praise each other. Or say goodbye or miss after saying goodbye.
Reciting ancient poems is mostly a tribute to ancient people or things. Or remember the sages, or admire the ancients, or express their desire to make contributions, or complain about their untimely birth, or lament the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present, or use the past to satirize the present.
War poems either show the pride of defending the country and defending the country, or show the heroism of sacrificing one's life to kill the enemy, or show the heroism of soldiers in triumph, or show their disgust at war, expose the suffering brought by war to relatives, hometown and people, and accuse feudal rulers of the sin of waging war.
Frontier poems describe the life of frontier troops, or show the cold living environment of frontier fortress, or show the magnificent frontier fortress scenery.
Poems about homesickness, in my heart forever's poems and poems about traveling and traveling all focus on expressing the thoughts of relatives, or expressing women's tenderness, sadness and sadness. Or show the bitterness of wandering life in a different place and the yearning for relatives in my hometown.
Lyrics about scenery and poems about objects (including pastoral poems and recluse poems) often show the noble qualities of poets who are different from others and unwilling to go with the flow of the world, or express their sadness of serving the country without talent or morality, or express other complicated feelings of joy or sadness or worry, or express the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and their infinite love for the great rivers and mountains. Others use scenery (things) to express their lofty aspirations and noble essence.
Third, terms related to poetry appreciation
1, evaluation subject category
Deepening the artistic conception and theme is profound, beautiful, meaningful and intriguing.
Short and far-reaching: the language is easy to understand and the theme is far-reaching.
Concise and meaningful: the language is concise and rich in content.
Implication: the implication is here, the implication is good, and the taste is outside.
Words with infinite meanings: implication and euphemism
Romance without saying a word: the meaning is implicit, or the expression is not obvious and intriguing.
2. Analytical techniques
Zhang Xianzhi: Point out the main points at the end of the article.
Make the finishing point: point out the main idea with one or two wonderful sentences.
Express your feelings directly.
A symbol of holding something to express one's will: express one's feelings and thoughts by describing and discussing something or an object.
Seeing the big from the small: reflecting major themes from ordinary and subtle things.
Cut to the chase: get to the point at the beginning of the article, don't beat around the bush.
Entrust: express feelings and themes on one thing.
Set off: Set off one thing against another to make the latter stand out.
Rendering: Tracking colors to enhance the effect.
3. Discussion class
Philosophical and incisive
4. Language style category
Flowing clouds and flowing water: the structure and language are naturally smooth.
Both form and spirit: language, structure and other forms and contents are impeccable.
Concise washing (practice): the language is concise and neat.
Simple and clear: no sculpture, no decoration. For example, borrowing scenery to express feelings, expressing feelings, artistic conception, association, chanting things, narration, rhythm, truth, symbol, contrast, foil and rhetoric (metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, pun and duality).
Plain, simple and fresh, elegant and flowery.
Bright: Clear and unobstructed.
Depression and desolation: low, vigorous, soothing, sad, etc.
Magnificent, vigorous and powerful: majestic and vigorous.
5. Writing skills
Virtual and real: virtual refers to the virtual part of the article.
A mixture of water and milk: closely combined.
6. Others
Ingenious, novel and unique, unique, unconventional, unconventional, unconventional, not adopting old formats and practices, quite ingenious, delicate, sincere, vivid, tortuous and distinctive.
Fourth, the expression of poetry appreciation
Flexible use of commonly used terms of appreciation of ancient poetry, accurate and appropriate expression of their own "on poetry" experience.
"What to write": lyrical description of scenery; Recite things and express aspirations (feelings); Nostalgia for history; That is, feelings; Battle of frontier fortress; Landscape pastoral; Image; Artistic conception; Background; Main idea.
"How to write": romanticism; Realism; Poetic eyes; Lyric with scenery; Integrate feelings into the landscape; Say it out loud; Combination of reality and excess; Picturesque and vivid; Dynamic and static combination; Turn static into dynamic; Refine words; Take over and turn over; Fu Bixing; Exaggeration; Use allusions; Implicit; Confrontation; rhyme
"Why write": express the thoughts and feelings of; Reflect social reality; Show interest in; show interest in; Entrust feelings (such as admiration, melancholy, melancholy, depression, etc.). ). Express the pursuit of; Show a tendency to; Give off the feeling of ...; Show one's heart; Create the feeling of.