(A) the characteristics of children's language development in different stages
Language is the most important communication tool for human beings, and the communicative function of language is realized by the sound representing a certain meaning. Childhood is the fastest and most critical period in a person's life, and all psychological characteristics of a person exist and show on the basis of speech activities. Therefore, the development of children's oral English must articulate clearly and pronounce correctly, so that the language can be perceived and understood by others.
1. Characteristics of language development of children aged three or four
In pronunciation, children's pronunciation organs are not yet mature, vocal cords are short and thin, auditory analysis ability is poor, and pronunciation accuracy is not perfect. At this time, the auditory representation of children's speech is not consistent with the kinesthetic representation of speech, which needs constant practice and adjustment. During this period, adult voice mode is very important. In terms of vocabulary, children are required to use and understand common words, and at the same time master and use nouns and verbs representing common objects and various activities around them. This is determined by the intuitive role of children's thinking at this age. Because nouns represent specific things and verbs are associated with specific actions, children can easily understand and master them. On adjectives, only teach children to master some words that are easy to understand, can be directly perceived and can explain the specific characteristics of objects. Sentence: A sentence is a language unit that can express a relatively complete meaning and has a specific intonation. It is composed of words or phrases according to certain rules. At this time, children are developing from incomplete sentences to complete sentences. Children begin to develop word order strategies to understand the meaning of words from sentence structure. Word order strategy is strongest at the age of four. The research shows that children form a standard sentence order model before the age of four, that is, the sentence structure model of name-verb-noun, and children use this word order to understand the meaning of sentences. Sometimes I can express my demands and wishes in short language, and I can tell my interests in front of the group.
Characteristics of language development of children aged 2.4-5
Phonetics: Children's phonological organs have matured, and the physiological conditions for correctly pronouncing all syllables have been met, especially the development of phonological awareness, and they have been able to realize the problems existing in their own and others' phonology. Therefore, a few children should correct individual confusion sounds in time. Focus on training children to articulate clearly, adjust the strength of the voice, expressive cadence, and be good at controlling their breathing. Among them, we should pay special attention to the cultivation of children's verbal expression, learn to change the intonation according to the needs of the expression content, and master the most preliminary artistic pronunciation methods. Teachers should constantly put forward new requirements for the quality of children's speech, so that children can gradually speak loudly, clearly and expressively. Children should correct their mistakes in time. In terms of vocabulary, the vocabulary mastered by children should be greatly increased and the quality should be significantly improved. On the basis of mastering the overall understanding and names of objects, children turn to the understanding of all parts of things and master the names of all parts at the same time. Verbs, in addition to correctly using all kinds of verbs that illustrate daily activities, we should also teach them to master some verbs with similar meanings. In adjectives, children should be taught to use a variety of adjectives to describe things. From the perspective of sentence understanding, the influence of word order is gradually decreasing, and the ability to respond according to syntactic information is constantly improving. Five-year-old children can basically understand most simple sentences correctly according to syntax, and can also tell their own experiences completely. The content in the picture will be recited with expressions, and the story will be retelled, so you can express your views boldly and clearly. To sum up, it is lively and active, thinking about specific images, starting to accept tasks and starting to organize their own games.
3. Characteristics of language development of children aged five or six
In terms of language, spoken English has its own characteristics, such as many short sentences, many natural sentences, many ellipsis sentences and flexible tones. The development of children's language should be combined with cognition, and the enrichment of children's vocabulary and the formation of concepts can only be accurate and consolidated by mastering a large number of languages. Children's language development level should be based on pronunciation and enrich vocabulary, but children's vocabulary often lags behind the development of thinking. The transition from negative vocabulary to positive vocabulary cannot be achieved at one time, and it needs to be repeated many times to achieve the effect of vocabulary. In early childhood, unintentional attention is the main thing, supplemented by intentional attention. Seeing things with bright colors, vivid images and pleasant sounds can especially arouse children's interest and attention. Therefore, we should correctly guide and cultivate children's attention. The development of children's consciousness in memory, things that can cause children's strong emotional experience, are easy to leave deep memories. Children's thinking comes from physical and intuitive images, and they often know things from superficial images. Children's thinking can only be gradually developed in specific activities through the inspiration of adults. Children are emotionally unstable, easily excited, changeable and exposed, and are often dominated by the external environment and the emotions of people around them. With the right education,
(B) enrich children's lives and cultivate children's language skills.
Life is the source of language. A rich life makes a rich language. In education, we should create rich living conditions for children, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, deepen their knowledge and understanding of things around them, promote their thinking development and cultivate their oral expression ability.
1. Master children's language learning rules and develop children's oral expression ability.
Children's language learning should be closely related to people, events, nature and social phenomena around them. They can directly perceive through various senses. Listening, watching, touching and tasting are all knowledge around you, and then develop children's language. Without language, children can't understand the world, and language is not an empty voice, but is closely related to actions, environments and things in objects. The development of language improves children's cognitive ability, and the expansion of cognitive scope and the deepening of content enrich children's language. Pay attention to the development of language communication ability and knowledge ability in combination with children's characteristics. According to the characteristics of children's intuitive perception, create conditions for children, enrich life content, understand the world in practice and develop children's language. For example, in spring, teachers can take children to plant and let them practice by themselves, from which they can get rich impressions: take children to loosen the soil, select seeds and plant ... When doing every activity, they should talk while doing it, so that children can know what this kind of labor is called and enrich their vocabulary accordingly. The teacher selects "morning glory" and "jasmine" from a variety of flowers and plants, so that children can systematically observe and compare their similarities and differences. The child said, "The seeds of jasmine are like a small mine, and the seeds of morning glory are like orange petals." When the seedlings appear, the children observe more carefully and are more interested. Teachers are often asked questions that they care about or don't understand, such as: Why do some flowers planted that day germinate and grow four pairs of leaves, but jasmine hasn't germinated yet? Why do leaves look different? Morning glory leaves have a thin layer of Mao Mao. Flowers bloom, yellow and white jasmine flowers and purple morning glory are like a small trumpet. The children say happily, "Dadada, Dadada, it seems that children are welcome to school!" " "After long-term careful observation, the children have developed deep feelings for these flowers. Planting and caring for flowers and plants not only enriches knowledge, but also cultivates sentiment, so that children can fully feel the beauty and changes of nature. Children's life is rich in content and open-minded. Let them use their hands, brains and mouths. In children's direct perception, they not only enrich their knowledge, but also develop their oral expression ability.
2. Develop children's thinking ability in language education activities.
Language and thinking are closely related. The main function of language in thinking activities is to participate in the formation of thinking. Without language, thinking cannot be carried out, and the result of thinking activities must be expressed in language. The development of children's thinking ability and language ability is synchronous, and the process of children mastering language is also the process of thinking development; The development of thinking promotes the development of language conception ability and logical language expression ability.
The traditional mode of language teaching in kindergartens is injection, because the way children learn languages depends on "listening" and imitating "speaking" after listening. Children recite some children's songs, poems, fairy tales and other literary works, but how to use these teaching materials to develop children's creative thinking is not considered much in kindergarten Chinese education. At present, in implementing the Regulations and educational reform, various forms should be taken to develop children's abilities of observation, memory, imagination and thinking. When cultivating children's basic ability to use language communication, we should not only let children have the ability to imitate language, but also learn to draw inferences from others. They will fill in the original language examples, express new meanings, and have oral expression ability. For example, after telling the story of "Little Tadpole Looking for Mother", the teacher asked the children to make a group of story characters out of mud and various natural objects: frogs, tadpoles, goldfish and so on. After doing a good job, let the children demonstrate while talking, which deepened their memory and understanding of the story and mobilized their enthusiasm, creativity and imagination. In language teaching, let children learn to be active and lively, thus developing their creative thinking.
3. In language teaching, let children see, listen, talk and practice more.
In language teaching, teachers purposefully enrich children's life content, increase children's knowledge, broaden children's horizons, cultivate children's various interests, let children know that there are still many unclear and unknown things in the vast nature, and stimulate children's thirst for knowledge. Guide children to observe carefully, analyze and think carefully, expand and deepen their knowledge and understanding of things around them, and develop their oral expression ability in rich real life.
(c) Training children to use their hands and brains in teaching.
1. Provide children with sufficient observation opportunities.
Observation is the basic way to acquire knowledge, and it is also an important way for children to know the world. On the one hand, teachers pay attention to guiding children to observe in daily life and often go to nature and society. If you know "trains and cars", you can go and have a look for yourself and observe and understand them from their appearance and color characteristics, which is much better than taking a toy or a photo. In addition to talking after observation, you can also do it yourself and use your hands and brains, which is better.
2. Use objects for comparison in teaching.
"Comparative teaching method can help children correctly understand what they have learned, leave a deep impression on them and remember them for a long time." Let children learn to compare methods in the process of making their own. For example, in calculation teaching, compare the length and thickness, and let children operate and learn step by step. So you can compare with yourself, with children, with objects and so on. This can not only gain a lot, but also save time.
3. Cultivate the habit of children's hands-on operation
Hands-on operation is the highest interest of children, which will produce positive emotions and show a certain thirst for knowledge and creative consciousness. For example, when teaching common sense about air, we used to have only teachers to operate experiments and children to watch. Instead, let children experiment and operate by themselves, so that children can gradually learn to discuss, think and analyze problems with discovery. What is important is that children can express their views and learn knowledge easily and happily in such a relaxed and interesting game, and then experience the fun and enjoyment of learning.
(D) Use games to cultivate children's language development ability.
1. Develop children's oral ability in games.
Children like to play games without any restrictions, and their mental state is balanced and relaxed. In the game, children can express their hobbies at will, and express their happiness, anger, sadness and joy. In this harmonious, happy and free psychological environment, the communication between children is more natural, the initiative of communication is enhanced, and the communication ability is fully displayed. In such an environment full of mutual love, mutual assistance, good mood and atmosphere, it is helpful to cultivate children's positive and healthy mood and education will receive good results.
2. Substitute things for things to develop children's imagination.
When children encounter problems in the game, the teacher does not directly participate, but encourages children to learn to overcome their own difficulties and learn to substitute things for things while creating good materials for them. For example, the kindergarten uses plasticine to make dough, slices of small flowers as cauliflower, and slices of small sticks as kebabs, all of which are vivid, so that children can learn to substitute things for things and solve problems encountered in the game by themselves. In the choice of substituting things for things, children are always in a positive thinking state.
3. Give full play to children's creativity in the game.
Many games have been published for several years, and children are not interested in them, but teachers can still inspire and guide children to create and make them interested. For example, the teacher can change the game "We are all wooden heads" to "We are all robots." "We are all Autobots" and "We are all shapeshifters" rekindled children's interest, promoted their language development ability and cultivated their creativity and imagination.
(5) Use various activities to consciously cultivate children's language development.
No matter what children learn, they need to go through repeated practical learning in order to better understand and master it. Therefore, children's songs, recitations and story meetings should be organized frequently to create conditions and opportunities for children to practice oral English. Sometimes children raise their hands to recite and tell, sometimes in groups, sometimes in the form of delivering packages. Let every child get as many opportunities for practice and exercise as possible. In these activities, some children recite stories and nursery rhymes told by teachers, while others recite what their parents, relatives and friends have taught them. You talk about this and he talks about that, which is rich in content, not only enriching children's knowledge, but also practicing oral English and exercising children's courage. Children like to imitate, and their imitation ability is particularly strong. The teacher is the object of imitation. In order to develop children's oral English, teachers are required to pronounce Mandarin accurately and enrich their vocabulary, and pay attention to the accuracy of words and sentences when speaking at ordinary times, so as to constantly enrich children's language and make it vivid and attractive to children.
I have discovered my views on children and education from the development of language teaching in recent years. I gradually feel that preschool education is the basic project in the systematic project of cultivating talents, not the stage of cultivating specific professionals, so it is based on all-round development. The child is a complete, independent and kind individual, and the education process is complete and comprehensive. They should be integrated into various activities, analyzed from a holistic perspective, considered the coordination of all aspects, faced to all children, and played with the interaction of various educational means. The development of language makes teachers and students feel more harmonious. The development of language teaching is conducive to promoting the all-round development of children; The development of Chinese teaching is conducive to the all-round development of children's body, intelligence, morality and beauty; The development of language teaching can promote children's observation, memory, thinking, imagination and creativity. The development of language teaching can stimulate children's enthusiasm and initiative in learning; The development of language teaching conforms to the characteristics of children's cognitive development and is conducive to cultivating children's ability to live independently; The development of Chinese teaching can enable children to acquire knowledge in happy activities; The development of language teaching is conducive to the improvement of teachers' quality.
Children's learning of language, pronunciation, vocabulary and sentences is the result of learning imitation from teachers and people around them. We must provide children with good language examples and cultivate children's pure, clear and rich language. Teachers should correct their views on children and education, and love preschool education and children. Therefore, teachers should demand their own language norms. When talking to children, try to be clear, concise, civilized, polite and gentle. And consciously strengthen their language cultivation, improve their speaking ability, so that children can understand, like to listen, learn, and become an example for children to learn. Let's be soul mates, do our best in different posts, be good gardeners, cultivate the flowers of the motherland, make all the love and delicate buds today become the fragrance of peaches and plums tomorrow, and let children become the pillars of society and people who are beneficial to the people.