Liu
The moonlight is deeper than half a house, and the big dipper is withered south.
Tonight, through the green screen window, I know that spring is warm and the sound of insects is fresh.
The first two sentences of this poem are very artistic. Midnight is deeper, and the hazy oblique moon reflects every household. Half of the yard is immersed in moonlight, while the other half is shrouded in the shadow of night. This contrast between light and dark highlights the silence of the moonlit night and the silence of the empty court. In the sky, the Big Dipper and the South Big Dipper are oblique. This not only further points out the "deeper" visually, but also leads the reader's vision from "others" to the vast sky, making people feel that the blue sky is also shrouded in the silence of the night, and only a crooked moon and a horizontal big dipper are silently suggesting the passage of time.
These two sentences successfully describe the silence of the moonlit night, but only show the general characteristics of the moonlit night. If the poet's pen only stays at this point, then the artistic conception and technique of this poem may not be much new. The beauty of poetry lies in the author's finding a new way to show a unique and rarely written realm in three or four sentences.
"It's warm in spring tonight, and the sound of insects is separated from the green screen window." Midnight is deeper, which is the lowest temperature in a day. However, just when the night was cold and all was silent, there was a crisp and cheerful insect sound. The insects in early spring may be sparse and faint at first, but the poet not only noticed it sensitively, but also heard the information of spring from it. On a quiet moonlit night, the sound of insects is particularly eye-catching. It marks the germination of life and the revival of all things, so it causes a beautiful association of spring back to the earth in the hearts of sensitive poets.
Three or four sentences are naturally the corner of a moonlit night, but what it actually contains is the spring in Yamashita. This idea is novel and unconventional. Spring is a symbol of life. It is always full of colorful colors, noisy sounds and vitality of life. If "Spring is coming" is the theme, people always choose things that show vitality in the bright sun, but the poet abandons all the familiar signs of spring, such as singing birds and flowers, melting ice and melting snow, and chooses a quiet and cold moonlit night as the background to write the germination and joy of life from the silence, the warmth of spring from the cold night and a unique song of rejuvenation. This not only shows the poet's artistic originality, but also shows his keen and delicate feeling ability.
Who "knows" that it is warm in spring tonight? It seems that bugs are trying to sing new sounds. Although the night is chilly, sensitive insects first feel the information of spring in the night air, so they can't help singing. However, the poet feels the coming of spring in the "Insect Sound" in the New Green Screen Window. The former is actually written, while the latter is outside the fable. Both of them are bound by the word "partial knowledge", which makes it difficult for readers to distinguish what is the joy of life and what is the joy of discovering life. The words "the sound of insects separates the green screen window" and "new" not only contain the freshness and joy of people who have been looking forward to the cold and spring for a long time when they hear the news of the first spring, but also closely echo the words "tonight" and "a little knowledge" in the previous sentence. The word "green" further highlights the warmth of spring and makes people feel the breath of spring from the "green" color associated with life. In these places, the subtlety of the poet's pen can be seen.
2\ Be good and go early.
Wen tingjun
I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.
When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.
Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image. Shangshan, also known as Chushan, is located in the southeast of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the last years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and passed through here.
The first sentence shows a typical "leave early" scene, which is very general. When I got up in the morning, the hotel was jingling inside and outside, and the bells of horses and chariots had already rung. Many activities, such as riding and driving, have been suggested. The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while. In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, poor human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "Traveling and Thinking of Hometown" can arouse readers' emotions.
Three or four sentences have always been popular. Li Dongyang analyzed in Poems of Huailutang: "A rooster sounds like a crow in a thatched shop, but people are not familiar with it. I don't know that it is rare to mention the words "find a good job" in two sentences without one or two idle words, but the rhyme is sonorous and the image is full. If you pile it up hard, regardless of its clear words and harmonious phonology, I can write the scenery, how can I! " "sonorous rhyme" and "full image" are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as the subordinate conditions of "not using one or two idle words, only mentioning words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems. The so-called "function words" refer to various words other than nouns; The so-called "mentioning words" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost. Although the words such as "chicken's voice", "Maodian", "traveled by people" and "Banqiao" in the poem are all combined into the radical phrase of "attribute plus head word", because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns is still preserved. For example, can the word "chicken sound" and the combination of "chicken" and "sound" not cause an eye-catching visual image? Maodian, Travel and Banqiao are similar to this.
In ancient times, for the sake of safety, tourists usually stayed indoors early, and the rooster crowed early to see the sky. Since the poet wrote about going early, the cock crow and the moon are characteristic scenery. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. In "The Chicken Crows on the Moon in Maodian", travelers in Maodian get up to look at the sky when they hear the chicken crow, pack their bags when they see the moon in the sky, get up and go on the road, and many other things are vividly shown.
Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which was also an "early trip"; However, it is already a "cold slab bridge frost", which is really "Mo Daojun left early and there were many pedestrians early"!
These two poems composed of pure nouns describe the scene of early death, which is really a good sentence with "sufficient images"
The sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, Zhihua famous post wall" is written about the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. The word "Ming" was used because the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was conspicuous before dawn. It can be seen that the poet is obsessed with the word "leave early".
The scenery of the first trip reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: "The geese return to the pond." Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; And myself, I am far away, resting in Maodian and running on the mountain road! "Du Mengling" and Maodian's homesickness at night bring out the best in each other, taking care of "going home" from beginning to end, bringing out the best in each other; The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip. What I see in my eyes is "mistletoe falling down the mountain", and what I think in my heart is "wild geese returning to the pond" The scene of "leaving early" and the feeling of "leaving early" are perfectly expressed.
3\ Operator? Plum blossom ode
Lu you
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what.
Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain.
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care.
Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual.
Lu You once praised plum blossom "The more awe-inspiring the snow, the stronger the integrity in the flower" ("Falling Plum"). Plum blossoms are so beautiful and unique that they stand out from many flowers, but now they are open outside the post office in the countryside. The dilapidated "broken bridge" is naturally inaccessible, lonely and cold, and plum blossoms have always been neglected. From this sentence, we can know that it is neither a plum in the government nor a plum in a famous garden, but a "wild plum" growing in a remote suburb. It can't get the care it deserves, let alone be appreciated. With the metabolism of the four seasons, it opens silently and withers silently. It's all one person, and I'm at a loss-who's in charge? This is a plum without a master. In the sentence "Loneliness without a master", the poet poured his feelings into the objective scenery. The first sentence is situational language, which is already the language of love.
Sunset dusk, twilight hazy, this lonely plum blossom, how to bear this desolation? It is only "sadness"-and it is "loneliness", which echoes the "loneliness" in the previous sentence. The broken bridge, twilight and dusk outside the post station are already lonely and desolate, but they add cold wind and rain, which makes them feel more lonely. The word "more" is very powerful. The first three sentences seem to describe the predicament of plum blossom, but the second sentence, "the rain of the tiller", breaks the previous "limit" like a heavy hammer. This kind of sadness seems unbearable. So far, emotional rendering has reached its climax, but despite the cold environment, it is still "open"! It, "all trees are cold and colorless, and the south branch is alone" (Daoyuan); It, "Xiang Xuehai dares to make thousands of flowers, and it is unique and leads the world in spring" (Yang Weizhen). The last four sentences only say that Meihua is in a bad situation, which is just an "open" word for Meihua, but its stubbornness and tenacity are self-evident
Shang Kun concentrated on the difficult situation of Meihua, and it did have "troubles". From an artistic point of view, when describing sadness, the author does not use the metaphors used by poets and poets, but uses environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast sadness. Kuang Zhouyi said: "Words take God from a distance and only describe the scenery, while God speaks for himself. This is a master." That is to say, poets describe so many "landscapes" in order to get the "spirit" of plum blossoms: "People who are deeper than love are good at writing landscapes" (Comrade Tian's xipu Ci Shuo). The four sentences of Shangque can be said to be "double paintings of scenes". Let readers feel the author's mood in a specific environment in a series of scenes-trouble! It also allows readers to gradually step into the author's state of mind. This is really great!
There's a message from Temple. Plum blossom, it blooms the earliest. "Thousands of trees are frozen and ready to break, and the solitary roots are warm and return alone" (Miracle): "I don't know if it started in recent days, but it is suspected that it will not disappear after the winter snow" (Zhang Wei). It is it that ushered in spring. But it "has no intention of fighting for spring." In spring, hundreds of flowers are in full bloom, competing for novelty and beauty, while plum blossoms do not "compete for spring". Han Ling starts first, only the sincerity to welcome the spring. People who are "bitter" are desperate, desperate and try their best. Satire the square group from the side. Plum blossoms are not meant to compete with each other. Even if Fang Qun is jealous, it is their own business. Let's be jealous for a while. Here, writing and writing are completely intertwined. It is a natural phenomenon that plants and trees are ruthless and flowers bloom and fall. However, it implies that the author's unfortunate experience exposes the shameless behavior of those who steal peace. Saying "striving for spring" is a metaphor for personnel: "jealousy" is out of reach. These two sentences show Lu You's aloof and arrogant character, his character of never interacting with people who compete for favor, invite favor and flatter, and his indomitable and unswerving self-defense. Proud.
The last few words take the "unique style" of plum blossom a step further: "Scattered into mud, ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged". The previous sentence inherited Shang Kun's miserable situation of loneliness, no ownership, sunset at dusk and wind and rain. These seven words have been frustrated four times: "fallen flowers", which can't stand the devastation of wind and rain, and plum blossoms have fallen. This is the first floor. It's the second floor. Mud and water are mixed. There is no argument about which is the flower and which is the mud. Judging from the word "run", it shows the ruthlessness of the destroyer and the tragic situation of the victim, which is the third layer. As a result, the plum blossom was destroyed and trampled to ashes. This is the fourth floor. You see, the fate of Meihua is so tragic that it is unimaginable. At this point, the reader has been integrated into the emotions revealed between the lines. But the author's purpose is not just to write about the tragic experience of plum blossoms and arouse people's sympathy; In terms of writing techniques, it is still paving the way, ready to go, in order to push the meaning of the next sentence to the highest peak. Although the plum blossom has withered, been trampled into dirt and crushed into dust, please see, "only the fragrance will remain unchanged", but its "unique flavor" fragrance will never change. It will not succumb to the threat of loneliness and wind and rain, but will do its best and remain unchanged. Even if it withers into "dust", it should be "as fragrant as ever"
The last sentence has the power to carry the tripod, which awakens the whole article and puts the unfortunate situation of plum blossom being attacked by wind and rain, withered and scattered, desolate and desolate in front. It is "the last sentence depends on strength" (Zhuo Renyue's Ci Tong). The reason why this "vigorous festival" can be "imagined" is precisely because the word plum blossom and its natural metabolism have been successfully used to describe itself. At this point, plum blossom has been personalized. As an expression of one's thoughts and feelings, "Yongmei" left a deep impression on us and became Yongmei's masterpiece.
4\ Corrupted array
Yan Shu
Swallow came to the news agency, after the Qingming Festival in pear flower falls.
At three or four o'clock on the pond, there are one or two orioles at the bottom of the leaves, and the days are long and the flocs are light.
Laughing at the female companion in the eastern suburbs, Sang Daoying.
Strangely, the spring dream last night was not bad. It turned out that today's grass fight won, and laughter came from two faces.
Appreciation of Yan Shu's Ci
This word reflects the youthful vitality of a young girl through a life segment in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is full of joyful atmosphere. The whole poem is pure line drawing, with lively style, simple style and vivid image, which shows the new soul of the girl.
Twenty-four solar terms, spring equinox and Qingming, is the most unforgettable season in spring. Spring is already in the middle, and new swallows are coming. At this time, social day will also come. The ancients called swallows gregarious swallows, thinking that they often came from Chunshe to Qiushe. The poet's "new society" refers to the society in spring. At that time, there were two social days in spring and autumn every year, especially spring clubs, neighborhood gatherings, food and wine sharing, and games were full of joy. The girls in the boudoir have also "let go" of "fake". As the saying goes, "Please stop sewing in society", even sewing can be put down and sisters can be called to play outside. At the beginning of the poem, the spirit is here
According to the national "Flower Calendar" records, Hua Xinfeng 24, from Xiaohan to Grain Rain, spends a letter every five days, with three letters and three incense in each section; According to the three letters of the vernal equinox, they are begonia, pear and magnolia. Pear blossoms are backward, and Qingming is forward. The poet writes about the scenery of the age and is meticulous. In this season, the breath is fragrant and moist, the moss in Chi Pan is fresh and green, and the forest is buzzing. Spring has passed, it's getting late, and the expression is more subtle. Where should I put the Qingming Flower Letter? That's tung flower, wheat flower and willow flower. So the poet went on to write, "The day grows longer and the sheep grow lighter." There is a poem in ancient times: "Begonia all fall, birds all fly, and the weather is getting longer and longer." We can watch it together. Literary critics must say here: write about scenery; Things! I don't know the timing, but it touches people's hearts.
On this auspicious occasion, two young girls appeared in the poet's pen: they happened to meet on the road of picking mulberry; As soon as they met, the daughter in the west asked the daughter in the east, "Why are you so happy today? What good dreams did you have at night? Let's hear it! " The east neighbor smiled and said, "Don't talk nonsense! They just mowed grass with them and won the lottery! " It's hard to find a better sentence to write a girl's smile, instead of the word "laughter comes from both sides". What is two sides? Cover your face from your eyes, not the "mouth" referred to by later generations. Therefore, the words and beautiful scenery are bright and beautiful, beautiful but incoherent, and there is no miracle to be found; From the last sentence to the last sentence, the whole article is collected, and the great gods have tried their best. Weather, personnel and material mentality all belong to this.