Under the green mulberry trees, Pingchuan was reflected, and Tian Shen shouted with a smile.
Outside the forest, pigeons rest in the spring rain, and the apricot blossoms are numerous on the first day of the house.
Translation and annotation
1, green mulberry height: describes the scattered height of mulberry.
2, laughter: noisy-noisy, lively.
3. Roof: the edge of the house, in front of the house.
4. The first day: The sun just came out after the rain.
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One, three and four sentences of this little poem are about scenery, and two sentences are about farmers. Through the description of the scenery, a beautiful pastoral picture is painted. The vast Pingchuan is the background of the picture. The red sun reflected green mulberry trees and white apricot flowers, making the picture colorful. The singing of pigeons makes the picture full of vitality, and the just-stopped spring rain makes everything look particularly clean and fresh. A few sparse strokes convey the unique beauty of the countryside under the bright sunshine after the spring rain. Sebatian Shen Xiao Xiao Xuan is a farmer's mental state, full of optimism and joy. It goes without saying that he is satisfied with his life and full of confidence in a bright future, which complements the beautiful countryside.
The poems about farmers mainly recorded the living conditions of farmers at that time. Most poems about agriculture are mainly used to describe farmers' hard work, suffering and exploitation. Especially in the middle Tang dynasty, there was a climax of chanting agricultural poems. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and various contradictions intensified, and the voice for literature to reflect farmers' sufferings and expose social reality was constantly rising. It was Du Fu who first opened a new chapter for agricultural poetry. His works, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Qiang Village, truly reflect the profound disasters brought to farmers and the serious damage to the rural economy by the Anshi Rebellion.
Yongtianjia
Sell new silk in February and cut new grain in May.
Cured the sore in front of me, but dug out my heart.
I hope the king's heart will turn into a bright candle.
Not according to the resumption of the front banquet, but according to the escape room.
translate
In February, as soon as the silkworm was born, it sold new silk one year ahead of schedule.
In May, Miao was still in the field and sold to Xingu one year ahead of schedule.
All you care about at the moment is treating the sore and gouging out the meat from your heart.
I hope the king's heart can become a bright candle.
Don't light up the rich family banquet in satin,
But only to look after the huts of runaway farmers who have no food or clothes.
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Yong Tian Jia is Nie's masterpiece, and it is also an artistic masterpiece in poetry creation in the late Tang Dynasty. In the poem, vivid metaphors and sharp contrasts are used to angrily accuse farmers of all kinds of usury, expressing the poet's deep sympathy for farmers in the late Tang Dynasty. After this poem came out, it was highly valued by the late Tang Dynasty. According to Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips, Feng Dao, the prime minister at that time, read this poem in the court when he told Li Siyuan, the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty, about the sufferings of peasants.
The first four sentences of the poem are the first layer, which mainly describes the cruel usury exploitation and the pain of gouging out the heart and cutting the meat. "New silk is sold in February and new grain is harvested in May", which describes the tragic situation that farmers are forced to borrow money because of the lack of green crops. Silkworms were not started in February, and rice was still in its infancy in May. The poor farmers are forced to make a living and need help badly, so they have to use the future Xinsi Hegu as collateral and borrow usury. February and May are very early, which shows that the peasants are at the end of their tether. The forms of "selling" and "smashing" only make it impossible to get out, which profoundly reflects the bitterness, blood and tears and incomparable pain of farmers. The sentence "Cure the sore in front of your eyes, but gouge out your heart" vividly reveals the cruel exploitation essence of usury in a metaphorical way. It is a last resort to gouge out the life-threatening "heart meat" to treat the immediate toxic sore, and the consequences are even more unimaginable. Old wounds have not healed, and poverty is accompanied by death, which is a high generalization and vivid portrayal of the despair of farmers at that time.
The last four sentences of the poem are the second layer, which mainly express the mind, express the poet's hopes and ideas for solving the growing social contradictions, and send out a deep sneer at the "monarch". The poet pinned the hope of resolving contradictions on "Wang", which reflected the limitations of the author's era and class, and also profoundly revealed the personal interests represented by the supreme ruler "Wang" in feudal society from another side. The "candle" in The King only illuminates the landlords, gentry and powerful officials, but its light can't reach the fleeing farmers, implicitly and sharply ridiculing the ruthlessness of The King to Li Shu, so that readers can think about the real culprit of intensifying social contradictions through the dark social reality.
The reason why this poem is recited by people is not only that it reproduces the dark reality of feudal society with a high degree of generality, reflects the painful life of farmers, and is highly ideological, but also because of its superb performance skills.
First of all, the metaphor of image and high generalization make the capacity of poetry broader. The poet did not understand that farmers were forced to borrow usury and its more painful consequences, but compared it to "gouging out their hearts" and "curing the immediate sore" It will only create a more serious new situation if it does not fundamentally cure the poison. In this way, it is vivid and highly generalized to use usury to compare farmers and help them solve their urgent needs. This metaphor, on the one hand, makes the image of poetry reasonable, on the other hand, it also profoundly reveals the essence of the problem, so that the limited form accommodates infinitely broad and profound social content.
Secondly, it vividly depicts the difference between the rich and the poor in feudal society by using sharp contrast. "Don't press the front banquet, but press the secret room to escape" is the hope for the "king", but it contains the meaning of double contrast. From the perspective of "Wang", kindness is uneven, caring only for the rich and not for the poor. This contrast clearly shows the class status of "king" to readers; From the social reality, on the one hand, rich and powerful people wear gorgeous clothes and feast, on the other hand, they are naked, hungry, poor and bankrupt, and fleeing abroad. This contrast highlights the serious consequences of landlords and rich families exploiting farmers with usury. This image contrast also gives the author a vivid contrast between love and hate.
In addition, the language of this poem is quite simple and popular, and the feelings are sincere and touching, which fully shows Nie Zhongyi's skill in controlling language and feelings.
Tianjiayuan Day
Meng Haoran Tian Jia Yuan Ri
Bucket handle of the Big Dipper turned to the east last night and got up again this morning.
I am forty years old. Although I have no official position, I am worried about farming.
A farmer working in a field full of mulberry trees is carrying a hoe and working with a shepherd boy.
Tian said that this year's climate is abundant.
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Shi Qiang: It means forty. Worried about agriculture: working only for agriculture.
Hoe hoe sentence: plow when you are in the wild again. Twelve pastoral chores in spring _ Mulberry spring vegetables are green.
Twelve times into Da Chun pastoral miscellaneous songs _ Mulberry full of green beds.
Spring vegetables under mulberry trees are covered with green seedbeds.
Green mustard with tender heart and thick moss.
Shampoo washing shop sells,
At dusk, salt-wrapped wine is sold.
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Four Seasons' Pastoral Fun is a group of large-scale pastoral poems written by Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, after he retired to his hometown. It is divided into five parts: spring, late spring, summer, autumn and winter, with 60 songs in each part 12. Poetry describes the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflects the exploitation and suffering suffered by farmers.