The antithesis of poetry?

Duality and duality are two very similar language forms. The so-called "similarity" means that they are more similar and less different, so it is more difficult to distinguish them. Even some reference books have vague explanations of these two concepts. For example, under the "antithesis" chapter of Ci Hai, the annotation says: "It refers to the duality of poetry and words." China Self-study Dictionary of Ancient Literature by Shaanxi Education Publishing House interprets antithesis as "a rhetorical method, ... which is called antithesis in poetry." This explanation of "duality" with "antithesis" and "antithesis" with "antithesis" leads to the confusion of concepts, and as a result, people mistakenly think that "duality" and "antithesis" are the same thing and two titles of the same concept.

So, what is "duality"? What is "duality"? What's the difference between them?

Duality is a metaphor. The two sentences used in pairs are "the number of words is equal, the structure and part of speech are roughly the same, and the meaning is related". This symmetrical way of language has formed a neat and harmonious expression and set off each other in content, which has a unique artistic effect.

Duality refers to a special form of expression and means used in poetry creation and couplet writing. It requires poetry conjunctions to be based on duality, and words with the same structural position in the upper and lower sentences must be "of the same part of speech and flat", so as to avoid the repetition of words with the same structural position in the upper and lower sentences. The antithesis of metrical poems makes the language sound and rhyme harmonious, enhances the sense of rhythm and musical beauty, and achieves a high degree of perfection in expression. Therefore, metrical poetry is very strict with antithesis, and the couplet that conforms to the above principles is antithesis; Otherwise, it is not confrontation or unstable confrontation, which is not allowed in poetry creation.

Knowing the characteristics of duality and duality, we can generally distinguish what is duality and what is duality. take for example

Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower")

These two sentences meet the requirements of duality in all aspects, but they are not suitable for antithesis because of their hierarchy and symmetry, lack of harmony in melody and repeated use of the words "Xia Tian", "Zhi" and "Er" in the same structural position. Look at the following example:

On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower. (Liu Yuxi, "Return to Bai Letian")

This set of couplets is the neck couplet in the original poem, and it is the most typical antithetical couplet. No matter what, it completely conforms to the antithetical principle and is extremely stable.

Duality and duality are so different, mainly used in different styles. Because different styles have different requirements for their own expression, they also have different requirements for expression forms. As the antithesis of rhetorical methods, it is often widely used in various styles, especially in ancient Chinese prose and poems. It promotes the language, and the two even sentences complement each other and set off each other, making the language beautiful in form and expressive. Contradiction is a unique creative technique in metrical poetry. The metrical poems, which rose in Sui and Tang Dynasties, strictly require that couplets and necklaces in metrical poems must be opposed. At the same time, this method is also adopted by song creation. Later it was used to write couplets. Because the creation of rhymes and songs itself has high artistic requirements for the use of language, it pays attention to the choice of words and sentences, and confrontation can greatly improve the expression skills and aesthetic taste of poetry to a certain extent, with high artistry and expressiveness. These special functions of duality are obviously beyond the reach of duality. It can be said that "antithesis" is one of the important criteria for the creation and appreciation of metrical poetry, and naturally it has become a term exclusively for poetry. Because of this, although antithesis in metrical poems also meets the standard requirements of antithesis, in view of its own characteristics and in order to distinguish it from antithesis in general style, we usually call it antithesis instead of antithesis.