We have studied a lot of classical Chinese in high school. I believe you are still familiar with the article "Chibi Fu". "Chibi Fu" is a poem written by the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi. "Chibi Fu" There are many knowledge points that everyone needs to learn. The following is the original text and translation annotations of "Chibi Fu" that I compiled for everyone. It is for reference only. Let's take a look.
Text of "Ode to Red Cliff"
In the autumn of Renxu, in the seventh month, Su Zi and his guests went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is like Feng Xu riding the wind without knowing where it stops; the flutteringness is like leaving the world to be independent, becoming immortal and ascending to immortality.
So they drank and enjoyed themselves very much, and sang along to the boat. The song goes: "The osmanthus sticks are covered with orchid oars, hitting the sky is bright and tracing the stream of light. It is dim and vague, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings along with it. Its voice is whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping and complaining; the lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.
Su Zi was stunned, sitting upright, and asked the guest: "Why is it so?" The guest said: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou, looking east at Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green. Is this not what Meng De was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and followed the river to the east. The boats were thousands of miles away, and the flags covered the sky. Drinking wine by the river, writing poems across the river, you have been a hero for a lifetime, and how are you now? Kuangwu and his son fished and cut wood on the river, accompanied fish and shrimps, and made friends with elk. I send the mayflies to the sky, a drop in the vast sea. I feel sorry for my life, and I admire the infiniteness of the Yangtze River. /p>
Su Zi said: "You also know that the water is like the moon? Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet gone; those who are full and empty are like that, but the dead are not waxing and waning. Look at the changes in the general and the general. , then the heaven and earth could not last for a moment; looking at it from the perspective of being unchanging, then things and I are endless, and how to envy it! Between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, even if it is not my property, even a tiny bit of it is Don’t take it. Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and formed by the sight of the eyes. They can be taken without restraint and used inexhaustibly. This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and I and my son have it. "The most suitable thing." (The most suitable work: ***food)
The guests smiled happily and drank more after washing their cups. The core of the food is gone, and the cups and plates are in a mess. The couple and their pillows were spread out in the boat, unaware of the whiteness of the east.
[Word annotation]
Renxu (rén xū): In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Renxu was born next year. In ancient times, the year was recorded using the stems and branches, and that year was the year of Renxu.
Ji Wang: The sixteenth day of each month in the lunar calendar. The 15th day of each month in the lunar calendar is "Wangri", and the 16th day is "Jiwang".
Xu: Slowly.
Xing: rise.
Genus (zhǔ): It means "to advise", to express greetings, and by extension, to persuade people to drink.
The poem of the bright moon: refers to "The Book of Songs·Chen Feng·Moonrise", see the note below for details.
The chapter of graceful and graceful (yǎo tiǎo): The first chapter of the poem "Moonrise" is: "The moonrise is bright, the outstanding people are here, the gentle and graceful are here, and the hard work is quiet." "Yaojiu" is the same as "Slim".
Shao Yan: For a while.
Bullfighting: the name of the constellation, namely Dou Su (South Dou) and Ox constellation.
White dew: white water vapor.
Hengjiang: Covering the river.
These two sentences mean: Let the boat float on the wide river. Vertical: let alone. Yiwei: a metaphor for a very small boat. "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·He Guang": "Who calls the river Guang? A reed hangs (navigates) it." For example: Go. Ling: Cross over. Wanqing: An extremely wide river surface. Bewildered: A distant look.
Feng (píng) Xu Yufeng: ride the wind and fly in the sky. Feng Xu: Out of thin air, volleying in the sky. Feng: Tong "Ping", multiply. The People's Education Press version changed it to "Ping", but the original text should be "Feng". Void: space. Yu: control.
Leave the world: abandon the world.
Evanescence: Taoism calls becoming an immortal "emerging", and believes that becoming an immortal can ascend.
Dengxian: Climb to the fairyland.
xián: knock on the side of the boat, beat the beat with your fingers.
Gui Chu (zhào) orchid paddle: a paddle made of osmanthus and an oar made of orchid.
Kong Ming: The moon reflects the clear color in the water.
To trace: to go upstream.
Streaming light: the moonlight flashing on the water waves.
Miaomiao: distant appearance.
Beauty: a metaphor for the beautiful ideal or good king in the heart.
Yi Ge: Keep in tune with the tone of the song.
Harmony: corresponding with the same voice, singing in harmony.
Resentment: sadness.
Mu: attachment.
The lingering sound: the end.
Niao Niao (niǎo): describes a sound that is gentle and long.
Wisp: thin thread.
Gulf: deep valley, here refers to the abyss.
This sentence means: The dragon hidden in the abyss dances for it.
嫠女(lí): Widow. Bai Juyi's "Pipa Journey" writes about the lonely businessman's wife: "Going to and from the river mouth to guard the empty ship, going around the cabin under the bright moon and the cold water of the river. Late at night, I suddenly dreamed of youthful things, and dreamed of crying, and my makeup and tears were red." This story is used here.
怀(qiǎo)Ran: The way the appearance changes.
Sit upright: straighten your clothes and sit upright (seriously).
Why is this so: Why is the sound of the flute so sad?
The quote is from a poem in Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing".
Xiakou: The old city is in today’s Wuchang, Hubei Province.
Wuchang: present-day Echeng County, Hubei Province.
Miao (liáo): Tong "Xiao", coiled.
Yu: lush appearance.
Meng Dezhi was trapped by Zhou Lang: It refers to the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208) when Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Wu general Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao's so-called 800,000 army in the Battle of Chibi. Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu was appointed Zhonglang General at the age of twenty-four, and everyone in Wuzhong called him Zhou Lang.
The above three sentences refer to the 13th year of Jian'an, when Liu Cong led his troops to surrender to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao's army occupied Jingzhou and Jiangling without a fight. Fang: Dang. Jingzhou: Jurisdiction over eight counties including Nanyang, Jiangxia, and Changsha, covering today's Hunan and Hubei areas. Jiangling: The capital of Jingzhou at that time, now the name of the county in Hubei.
舳舻 (zhú lú): Warships are connected front and rear, here refers to warships.
酾(shī) wine: filtering wine, here refers to pouring wine.
Hengshu (shuò): holding a spear horizontally. 槊, spear.
Companion: Taking... as a partner, here is the usage of connotation.
Elk (mí): a type of deer.
Bian (piān) Zhou: small boat.
匏樽(páo zūn): a wine vessel made of gourd. 叏, gourd.
Send: stay in trust.
Mayfly (fú yóu): an insect that lives and dies. This sentence is a metaphor for the shortness of life.
Miao: small.
Canghai: the sea. This sentence metaphors that human beings are extremely insignificant between heaven and earth.
A moment: a moment, describing the shortness of life.
Eternal: As for eternity.
Steps: Many.
Remaining sound: the lingering sound refers to the sound of the flute.
Sad wind: Autumn wind.
The dead are like this: passing like this river. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zi Han": "Zi Han said on the river: 'The deceased is like a man who never abandons day and night.'" Pass away: go. Si: Si, refers to water.
The waxing and waning is like that: refers to the waxing and waning of the moon.
Death: finally.
Growth and decline: increase or decrease.
Zeng Feng: Fixed phrases, even... are not enough. Zeng: Not even....
A moment: a blink of an eye.
Yes: This.
Creator: Heaven and earth are natural.
Endless Treasure (zàng): Endless treasure.
Suitable: Enjoy. "Shi Dian" states that the six senses are nourished by six human beings, and their nourishment is also called food. The eyes feed on form, the ears feed on sounds, the nose feeds on fragrance, the mouth feeds on taste, and the body feeds on touch. The intention is to feed on the Dharma. The clear breeze and bright moon make sounds sound to the ears and colors appear to the eyes. Therefore, it is called "*** food". It is easy to say "most suitable", which means boring. At that time, someone asked Shi about the meaning of the word "food", and Shi said: "For example, the word 'food' in Shiba is also used for food." Shi Gai didn't want to show off to the master, so he answered with Quan's words. The ancients were so modest. . The Ming Dynasty version mistakenly changed "the best food" to "the best", so that the current People's Education Press version of high school Chinese has been mistakenly revised to this day.
Translation of Red Cliff Fu
In the autumn of the Renxu year, on the 16th day of the seventh month, my friends and I went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze blows in waves, and the water surface becomes calm. He raised his glass to persuade his companions to drink, and recited the chapter "Young and Graceful" in "The Bright Moon". After a while, the bright moon rose from behind the East Mountain and moved back and forth between the constellations Dipper and Ox. The white mist stretches across the river, and the water's light reaches the sky. Let a small boat like a reed leaf float freely across the vast river. The vast waves seem to be traveling in the sky on the wind, not knowing where they will stop. They are fluttering and swaying as if they are about to leave the world and fly away, transforming into immortals and entering the fairyland.
At this time, I was very happy drinking, knocking on the side of the boat and singing songs. The song goes like this: "The osmanthus wooden boat oars and the pandan oars beat the clear waves under the moonlight, and swim upstream on the moonlit water. My feelings are far away and boundless, and I look at the beauty, but they are on the other side of the sky. One side." There are guests who can play the dongxiao, and they accompany the singing with the rhythm. The sound of the dongxiao is whimpering: like sorrow and longing, like sobbing and talking, the lingering sound echoes on the river, as continuous as a thin thread. It can make the dragons in the deep valley dance for it, and the widow on the lonely boat weep.
My expression also became sad, I straightened my clothes and sat up straight, and asked the guest: "Why is the flute sounding so sad?" The guest replied: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpies are flying south.' Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong Mengde? From here, you can see Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east. Mountains and rivers are endless, and as far as the eye can see, there is a lush green sky.
Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? When he captured Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and sailed eastward along the Yangtze River, his warships stretched thousands of miles from end to end, with flags covering the sky. He poured wine in front of the river, Holding a spear and reciting poems, he was originally a heroic figure in the world, but where is he now? Not to mention that you and I fished and chopped firewood on the small island in the river, with fish and shrimp as companions, and elk as friends. Driving this small boat on the river, raising glasses and toasting each other, they are like mayflies in the vast world, as small as a grain of corn in the vast sea. Alas, we lament that our life is only a short moment, and we can't help but envy the endlessness of the Yangtze River. I want to travel around the world hand in hand with the immortals, embrace the bright moon and live forever in the world. Knowing that these cannot be realized in the end, I have no choice but to turn my regrets into flute sounds and entrust them to the sad autumn wind.
I asked: "Do you also know about the water and the moon? The passage of time is like the water, but it has not really passed away; the time is full and the moon is missing, and it has not increased or decreased after all." It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, everything in the world is changing all the time, even in the blink of an eye; from the unchanging side of things, everything is eternal to us. What is there to envy? What’s more, everything in heaven and earth has its own master. If you don’t have what you deserve, you won’t be able to get even a penny. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains become sounds when heard, and shapes are drawn when they enter the eyes. No one will stop them from getting them, and there will be no exhausting worries when they feel them. This is an endless treasure gifted by nature, and you and I can enjoy it together. "
The guests smiled happily, washed the wine glasses and poured wine again. The dishes and fruits were all finished, and the glasses and plates were in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat with each other's pillows, and unknowingly the white light appeared in the east
Appreciation of Red Cliff Fu
This poem introduces the description of the dialogue between the host and the guest through boating on a moonlit night, drinking wine and composing poems. I can also hear the unswerving sentiments from what Su Zi said. The whole poem is profound and insightful. It is truly a masterpiece among poems.
The first paragraph is about a night tour in Red Cliff. Scene. The author "boated with guests under the red cliff", fell into the embrace of nature, and enjoyed the beauty of the breeze, white dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight, and skylight. He recited the "Book of Songs" when he was excited. The first chapter of "Moonrise" "The moonrise is bright, and there are outstanding people. Shuyao is troubled, and hard work is quiet. "The bright moon is compared to a delicate beauty, looking forward to her rising. It echoes the poem "Moonrise", "A while ago, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. "And it leads to the following song composed by the author: "Looking at the beauty in the sky", the emotion and literary style are consistent. The word "wandering" vividly and vividly depicts the soft moonlight that seems to be extremely attached to the tourists and affectionate. In Under the bright moonlight, a vast white mist envelopes the river, and the skylight and water color merge into one. It is the so-called "autumn water has the same color as the sky" (Wang Bo's "Tengwang Pavilion Preface"). Visitors are now open-minded, comfortable and unrestrained, so " "As long as a reed is like a vast expanse of land," I am riding in a small boat on the vast and boundless river where "the waves are calm", drifting with the waves, leaving the world leisurely, detached and independent. The vast river and the freedom and ease The author's heart leaps out in his writing, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is the front part of the article describing the scenery of "boating". It uses the scenery to express emotions and blend in with the scenery.
The second paragraph describes the joy of the author drinking and singing and the sad sound of the flute of the guests. The author is extremely happy while drinking and singing, to express his sadness and frustration of missing the "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned in the song is actually the author's ideal and the embodiment of all beautiful things. I feel so vague in my heart, and look forward to the beauty in the sky. "This lyrics are all adapted from "Chu Ci·Shao Siming": "Looking at the beauty in the future, and singing in the wind", and the content of the above "Reciting the poem of the bright moon, singing the graceful chapter" is detailed. Because he longed for the beauty but could not see her, he had already expressed his frustration and sadness. In addition, the guest played the flute and sang to her. The tone of the flute was sad and resentful, "like resentment, like admiration, like crying, like complaining, and the lingering sound was lingering." ", endless like a thread" actually caused the dragon hidden in the ravine to dance, and made the widow who was alone in the boat cry. A cave flute song, sad and graceful, its sad and low tone is deeply touching, causing the author's emotions to suddenly change. The change is from joy to sadness, and the article is full of ups and downs.
The third paragraph is about the guest's lament about the shortness and impermanence of life. This paragraph changes from the natural scenery of Chibi. Regarding the historical monuments of Chibi, the host asked "Why?" and the guest answered with the historical monuments of Chibi. However, the article did not directly state the matter, but used two questions in succession. Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" asked: "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He also asked, using the mountains and rivers in front of him, "Isn't this a poem by Mengde who was trapped by Zhou Lang?" The two questions made the article stir up trouble again. . Then, he recalled the past when Cao Cao defeated Jingzhou and forced Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao army came down the river from Jiangling, with war ships connected for thousands of miles, and Cao Cao was proud and proud. Drinking with his head facing the river and composing poems across the river, he can be called "the hero of his life".
Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao were only prominent for a while, let alone himself. Therefore, now he can only lament the shortness of his life, envy the endless flow of the river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. But those are all unrealistic fantasies, so the sorrow and sorrow are "left in the sad wind" and conveyed through the sound of the flute. The guest's answer showed a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life. This is one aspect of Su Shi's thoughts that he revealed through the guest's mouth.
The fourth paragraph is Su Shi's statement of his own opinions on the guest's emotion about the impermanence of life, in order to relieve the other party. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "hold the bright moon forever". Su Shi used rivers and bright moons as metaphors and put forward the understanding that "the dead are like this, but they have not yet passed away; the ones who are full and weak are like that, but the dead are not waxing and waning." If you look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is just a blink of an eye; if you look at it from the perspective of change, then things and human beings are endless, and there is no need to envy the rivers, the bright moon, and the heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "sorrow for a moment of my life". This reflects Su Shi's open-minded outlook on the universe and life. He favors looking at problems from multiple perspectives but does not agree to make them absolute. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptable mental state even in adversity. And can be freed from the uncertainty of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in heaven and earth has its own owner, and individuals cannot force it. The breeze on the river has sounds, the bright moon in the mountains has color, the mountains and rivers are endless, the wind and moon last forever, the heaven and earth are selfless, the sounds and colors are entertaining, and the author can just wander around and enjoy himself. This feeling and scene are due to Li Bai's "Song of Xiangyang": "You don't need a penny to buy the cool breeze and the bright moon, and Yushan has fallen by itself and no one can recommend it." It is further deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after the writer listened to the author's talk, his sadness turned to joy, and he drank happily, "we were sleeping together in the boat, not knowing how white the east was." Echoing the beginning, it describes the joy of travel and appreciation, and the state of forgetting gains and losses, and transcending things.
This poem has the following characteristics in terms of artistic techniques:
The integration of "emotion, scenery, and reason". The whole text, whether lyrical or argumentative, is always inseparable from the scenery on the river and the story of Red Cliff, forming a fusion of emotion, scenery and reason. The whole story is run through scenery, with wind and moon as the main scenery, supplemented by mountains and water. The author captures the wind and moon to describe and discuss. The article is divided into three levels to express the author's complex and contradictory inner world: first, he writes about boating on the river on a moonlit night, drinking wine and composing poems, which makes people immersed in the beautiful scenery and forgetting the worldly happiness; secondly, he writes about the rise and fall of historical figures, feeling that life is short, It is constantly changing, so it falls into the anguish of reality; in the end, it explains the philosophy of change and immutability, stating that human beings and all things exist forever, showing a broad-minded and optimistic attitude towards life. Scenery description, lyricism, and reasoning have reached the level of integration.
The genre form of "using literature as poetry". This article not only retains the poetic characteristics and charm of the traditional fu style, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the constraints of the sentence structure and the duality of rhythm and rhythm, and is more of a prose component. , so that the article has the deep emotional charm of poetry and the thorough concept of prose. The style and tone of the prose make the whole article gloomy and frustrating, like "a spring of ten thousand dendrobiums gushing out". Different from Fu's emphasis on duality, it is relatively freer. For example, the opening paragraph "In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su Zi and his guests went boating under Red Cliff". They are all in prose, and there are some scattered among them. Due to tidying up. From the following to the end of the article, most of it rhymes, but the rhyme changes are quick, and the rhyme change is often a paragraph of literary meaning. This makes this article particularly suitable for reading, and it is very beautiful in sound and rhyme, reflecting the strengths of rhyme.
The imagery is coherent and the structure is rigorous. The coherence of the scenery not only makes the whole text seem unified and exquisite in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole text. The description of the scenery at the beginning reflects the author's open-minded and optimistic mood; "singing while leaning on the side of the boat" is born from the "empty" and "streaming light" scenery, which is the transition from "joyful" to "stunned"; The guest expressed his sorrow to the wind and moon, and his mood turned into a low and negative mood; in the end, the bright moon and the breeze in front of him led to discussions on the mutation of all things and the philosophy of life, thus dispelling the sadness in his heart. The repeated interspersing of scenery does not give people the feeling of repetition and procrastination at all. Instead, it expresses the waxing and waning of the characters' sadness and joy while reproducing the changing process of the author's ambivalence, and finally achieves the perfect unity of the poetic and artistic meaning of the full text and the theoretical interest of the argument.
Works of writers:
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan County, Sichuan Province). Song Renzong Jiayou became a Jinshi. Because of his political disagreement with Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, he was ostracized by the old and new parties, and was repeatedly demoted and even imprisoned. This kind of political encounter and his long-term experience as a local official in many places (Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Huizhou, etc.) gave him a deeper understanding of society and people's lives. He is one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty. His poetry changed the graceful and gentle style since the Five Dynasties and created a bold style of poetry. His lyrics are also highly accomplished. His existing works include "The Complete Works of Dongpo", "Dongpo Yuefu", "Dongpo Zhilin", etc. In addition, Su Shi was also a famous calligrapher and painter, good at running and regular script, and was known as one of the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty" together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian, and Mi Fu. He was good at painting bamboo, and also liked to create dead wood and strange rocks.
Literary common sense:
This fu breaks through the commonly used paragraph-initial conjunctions such as "Ruo Fu", "Er Nai", "Shi Yi", etc. commonly used in fu writing, but The flow and turning of emotions are very natural and smooth. Every transition is extremely natural, without any transition in words. The structure and layout of the whole poem are perfect and flawless.
The language is free from the shortcomings of Han Fu's accumulation of allusions and being bound by rhythm. Syntax and rhythm are relatively free. The use of rhyme and rhyme alternates between sparse and dense, coupled with the use of a large number of parallelism and couplets, making the article free and easy, harmonious and beautiful amidst the unevenness. At the same time, it retains the essence of Fu and the sentence structure is neat and concise, so it is catchy to read and gives people a beautiful enjoyment.