Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
You should be generous and unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, Shen Yin has come a long way.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless. Talk about swallowing, miss the old grace.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits, and the world returns to the heart.
Chapter 48 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes Cao Cao's poems. After Cao Cao pacified the north, he led millions of heroes, drank horses from the Yangtze River and fought a decisive battle with Sun Quan. It was a bright moon night, and he put wine and played music on the river to celebrate the generals. When the wine was warm, Cao Cao stood at the bow and sang generously. The lyrics are the short songs above.
This is a very famous poem. Su Dongpo mentioned it in Qian Chibi Fu, which was later rendered by novelists and became a household name. But what is this poem about? In the Tang Dynasty, Jason Wu said that "it is a pleasure to speak in time" (Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems). Luo Guanzhong, on the other hand, endowed this poem with a superstitious color of "poetic prophecy", and thought that Cao Cao's words of "black magpies flying south" were ominous, indicating his failure in Battle of Red Cliffs. None of these statements hit the nail on the head. I think Zhang Yugu was right in the Qing Dynasty: "This sigh is fleeting. If you want to get talents, you can write Wang Ye's poems early." ("Appreciation of Ancient Poetry" Volume 8) Chen Ling also pointed out: "This poetry is brave in thinking about Gao Han's" Song of the Great Wind. "
"When drinking songs, life geometry? ..... How to relieve anxiety? Only Du Kang. " Is this to persuade people to eat, drink and be merry? Admittedly, this is Cao Cao's sigh about the short life, but he is not afraid of death, because time is fleeting. Throughout the whole article, he lamented the frequent wars and the failure of the great cause, thus creating a sense of urgency for time. As he himself said, "If you don't care about the future, you will die worrying about the world" (Cao Cao's Autumn Hu Xing), so his lament about "the geometry of life" is not weak and depressed. Wei Yuan put it well: "When singing wine, there is a storm."
Entrepreneurs always know the way to success. To rule the country and level the world, we must first have talents. Emperor Gaozu, who is about to win the world, sang "Song of the Big Wind" and said: "The brave Andrew is determined in all directions!" This is his heart. At this time, Cao Cao, "Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream and eastward", was in urgent need of his own talents to help him conquer the world. Therefore, when the stars are scarce this month, when "drinking and writing poems near the river", I can't help but vomit my thirst for talents.
"Green and green, leisurely in my heart", he seems to be reciting famous sentences in the Book of Songs at will. I went on to say, "But I've been thinking about it for so long for you." I turned what was originally a woman's deep love for her lover into my own desire for talents. Yo Yo Luming Literature is a poem of sincere hospitality in The Book of Songs, and Cao Cao is ready to express his warm expectation for sages. "Clearly, when will it end?" And compare the saint to the bright moon in the sky, shining in space; It is beyond our power, which can't help but make people "worry from it and never break it." Thanks to the wise men from afar, who condescended to follow and confided in today's banquet, I really feel great comfort! But I know that there are still a lot of wise men wandering on the wrong road. They are like blackbirds flying south. They choose wood and live around it three times. They haven't decided their final destination yet! Therefore, Cao Cao issued a heartfelt call to the talents in the world: "The mountain will never be too high, and the sea will never be too deep. Duke Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart. " It is said that he has a broad political mind and an inexhaustible heart for knowledge and wisdom, just as the sea is more than a trickle, and the mountain does not abandon the stone. Moreover, he also encouraged corporal Duke Zhou to call on all the talents in the world to come back and create a good situation of "returning to the world". These four poems are magnificent and full of emotion, showing the ambition and enterprising spirit of unifying the world. Of all the poets through the ages, only Cao Cao, a man of great talent and arrogance, can write, and only he can match. Up to now, I still feel heroic.
Readers may ask: How can Cao Cao, a traitor in the world, have such a loving mind and courtesy? In all fairness, Cao Cao in history was an ideologically liberated reformer. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone, which caused the rigidity of cultural thought in the Han Dynasty. Dong Zhongshu even advocated the divination theory combining Confucianism with theology. Cao Cao boldly doubted and publicly denied traditional concepts such as theological superstition and feudal ethics. As far as employing people is concerned, the Han Dynasty used classics and benevolence and filial piety to select scholars, while Cao Cao put forward that "meritocracy is the best" and valued those who were "heartless and unfilial, but had the skill of governing the country and using troops". He argued plausibly: "People who have husbands and careers may not be able to make progress, and those who are enterprising may not be able to do it. Are Chen Ping and Su Qin loyal? And Chen pingding hanye, Su Qin weak face. From this point of view, scholars are short, but mediocre talents can be abolished? " The reflection and the Ji of Emperor Wudi both quoted Shu Wei, saying that he "knows people well and observes them well, but it is difficult to imitate them.". He pulled himself out of the forbidden line and was complacent in his trip. He took Zhang Liao and Huang Xu into the country of subjugation and made meritorious deeds. " He "gathers martial arts outside and promotes literature inside", "leads a strong man to break the solid array during the day and gives a good family at night". There is a Chen Lin who is good at cursive writing. In his early years, he wrote an article for Yuan Shao, calling Cao Cao an "ugly eunuch" (Cao Cao was born in a eunuch family). Later, Yuan was defeated by Cao Cao, who said, "Qing once moved the book for the first time, but it was an orphan crime. Evil can stop him. Why is it superior to his father and ancestors? " Persuade to kill them, pity their talents, let bygones be bygones and reuse them. It can be seen that the above-mentioned poems of Cao Cao express his love for talents, and his feelings are true and in line with his character. In the article Talking about Cao Cao, Professor Chen Zizhan commented that Cao Cao's poems are "generous and sorrowful, and will never be out of tune". ..... His poetic style is just commensurate with his personality. Sincere words, not the only husband of later generations, the thief who steals the country and arrogates power, and deceives people with false words, are finally worthy of historical judges. This is also one of the secrets of his literary achievements. "
Chariot, horse
Rustling, each of you carries a bow and quiver. My parents' wives will say goodbye to each other until the dust buries the bridge outside Chang 'an. On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky. Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border. Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain? Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight. No matter what demands are made on them, does the soldier dare to expand his hatred? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from? If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle. Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned? The new ghosts wail there, and the old ones are loudest in the stormy and dark sky, expressing people's hatred of the war and the pain brought to the old people by the war. In this case, local officials have to extort money, and the people are even more miserable. This is one of the famous poems in which the poet deeply understands the sufferings of the people and expresses deep sympathy. After Tianbao, the wars of the Tang Dynasty against ethnic minorities in northwest and southwest became more and more frequent. This continuous large-scale war has not only brought heavy disasters to the border ethnic minorities, but also brought the same misfortune to the people of the Central Plains. According to Zi Jian, Volume 2 16: "In the tenth year of Tianbao, in April, Jiannan was fresh in the negotiation of Nanzhao Manchu, and lost to Lunan. When Zhong Tong sent 80,000 soldiers, ... the army was defeated and 60,000 soldiers died. Zhong Tong was spared. Yang Guozhong concealed his failure, but still told his merits. ..... Make and raise soldiers from Beijing and Henan to attack Nanzhao. People heard that Yunnan was troubled and there was no war, and the foot soldiers died in 1899, so they had to recruit Moken. Yang suggested separating people and sending flail to the army. ..... So Monkey was sad and resentful, and his parents and wife gave him gifts and cried there. " This historical record can be interpreted as the interpretation of this poem. This poem artistically reproduces this social reality. Xing is a genre of Yuefu songs. Du Fu's Car Shop did not follow the ancient theme, but originated from something, that is, a famous story, a self-created theme, which profoundly reflected the people's suffering life in the form of Yuefu folk songs. Poetry begins with an objective description that suddenly rises, and with vigorous brushwork, the wind blows, and suddenly shows a huge and exciting farewell picture in front of readers: chariots rumble, war horses scream, and the arrested poor people put on military uniforms and bring bows and arrows, and are marching forward under the escort of officials. The husband's wife and father scrambled to find and shout their loved ones in the queue, tearing their clothes, beating their chests and feet, urging and calling. The dust raised by chariots and horses covered the sky, and even the Weihe Bridge in the northwest of Xianyang was covered. The cries of thousands of people merged into a loud noise and echoed in the clouds. "Father, mother, son, wife, staring at you", the pillar and main labor force of a family, was taken away, leaving only the old, weak, women and children, which is a huge disaster for a family. Why not help the old and bring the young away? An ordinary word "Zou" embodies the poet's strong emotional color! Relatives were suddenly caught and rushed to the battlefield, and the family chased the call sign to do life and death parting at that moment. How hasty and sad this is! "They ran after you, crying, and they tugged at your sleeve", four actions in a row, showing in detail the sentimentality, sadness, resentment and despair of the people who saw him off. In the poet's pen, the dust is pervasive and the traffic of horses and chariots is dazzling; Crying everywhere, straight into the sky, deafening! This description gives readers a strong sense of hearing and vision, showing the tragedy of the separation of thousands of families, which is shocking! Then, starting from "and every time a bystander asks you questions", the poet asks the parties, that is, the soldiers who joined the army, to talk directly by asking questions. And "passers-by" is a passerby, that is, Du Fu himself. The sad scene above was seen by the poet himself; The following sad words were heard by the poet himself. This enhances the realism of poetry. "Dotted line frequency" means frequent conscription, which is the "poetic eye" of the whole article. Hit the nail on the head, pointing out the root causes of the people's misery, the innocent sacrifice of the whole people and the barren land of the country. Then, taking a "pedestrian" who went to the battlefield at the age of fifteen and was still guarding the border at the age of forty as an example, the "frequency of point to line" was explained in detail to show the truth and reliability of the situation. "The blood in the side yard becomes a sea, and the heart of Emperor Wu is still fighting." "Huang Wu" is a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty in Chinese, but it actually refers to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu boldly pointed the finger at the supreme ruler, which was a fierce protest from the heart and fully expressed the poet's furious grief. The poet wrote here, and his pen turned sharply, opening up another thrilling realm. The poet begins with "You don't smell" and reminds readers to turn their eyes from the bloody frontier fortress court to the vast inland in a conversational tone. The "Han family" in the poem also implies the Tang Dynasty. In Woye, Harada, east of Huashan Mountain, thousands of villages fell, the countryside was deserted, and thorns were everywhere. The poet's imagination, from the scene before him to the scene of the whole country, from a little to universal, not only expanded the expressive ability of poetry, but also deepened the expressive depth of poetry. Since "whatever they are asked to do", poets have entered another level. "Elder" is a title of respect for poets. "Serviceman" is a self-proclaimed infantry. "County official" refers to the Tang Dynasty. The sentence "elder" shows the spiritual shackles imposed on them by the rulers, but the pressure can't be suppressed, and the next sentence will eventually lead to complaints. Dare to be angry and dare not speak, and then finally say it, so that the difficulties and fears of the recruiter are extremely delicate and true. These sentences are about current events. Because of "sticking to the west of the city", a large number of able-bodied men were drafted into the army. The reason for "sticking to the west of the city" is because "Emperor Wu's heart is still beating for the war". How do they pay? ? Also echoed the previous "and in thousands of villages in Qian Qian, nothing grows except weeds". In this way, social reality is revealed more and more profoundly. A few short five-word sentences were suddenly used here, which not only expressed the deep sadness of the guards, but also showed their eagerness to talk about their difficulties. In this way, through the dictation of the parties, the double disasters imposed on the people by the militaristic tactics of the rulers were exposed from two aspects: seizing soldiers and forcing rents. The poet went on to sigh with emotion: nowadays, it is better to have a boy than a girl. Girls can still marry their neighbors, and boys can only die in battle. This is a heartfelt accusation of blood and tears. The preference for boys over girls is a common social psychology under the feudal social system. However, due to years of war, a large number of men died. Under this cruel social condition, people's social psychology has changed. This change reflects how seriously people's thoughts have been destroyed! Finally, the poet described the long-standing tragic reality in a mournful style: the ancient battlefield near Qinghai was dusty, the bones were bare, the evil wind was piercing, and the ghosts were crying and howling. The cold and gloomy scene is chilling. Here, the bleak low tone is in sharp contrast with the buzzing atmosphere at the beginning, the sad ghost cry and the earth-shattering cry at the beginning. These are the consequences of "opening the border before it is over". At this point, the poet's full and hearty passion has been fully exerted, and the crime of belligerence in the Tang Dynasty has also been vividly displayed. Chedian is a famous sentence of Du Fu, which has been highly praised by all dynasties. It reveals that the long-term military struggle of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, which has profound ideological content. It is also outstanding in art, first of all, it contains feelings in the narrative. This narrative poem, whether described in the previous paragraph or passed down from generation to generation in the latter paragraph, naturally runs through the whole poem with the poet's strong and profound thoughts and feelings, and the image of the poet's anxiety seems to be displayed in front of the readers. Secondly, in the narrative order, the ups and downs echo before and after, comfortable and affordable, changeable and orderly. In the first paragraph, people are crying in Ma Si, and the noisy atmosphere is rolling with dust, paving the way for the second paragraph to talk about their difficulties; The long narrative in the second paragraph further deepens the ideological content of the scene description in the first paragraph, which reflects each other and complements each other. At the same time, the development of the plot is closely combined with the transformation of sentence patterns and rhymes. With the narrative, sentence patterns and rhymes are constantly changing, and the use of three, five and seven words strengthens the expressive force of poetry. For example, the first two or three sentences are urgent and exciting. Later, in a large section of seven words, eight five words were suddenly interspersed, showing the irresistible passion of "pedestrians", which was particularly vivid. In terms of rhyme, the whole poem has eight rhymes, four levels and four levels, alternating with each other, cadence and emotion. Thirdly, turning sentences and idioms are used in the narrative, such as "and every time a bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving" interspersed in the long narrative. No matter what demands are made on them, do they dare to complain? ? And "I don't see you" and "I don't smell you" not only avoid lengthy monuments, but also constantly remind and arouse readers, resulting in thrilling artistic effects. The poet also adopted the word connection of folk songs, such as "They run after you, crying, they pull your sleeve, and their plaintive voice goes up to the clouds". And every time a bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving. They all came down one by one like pearls. Read it out loud, sonorous, harmonious and beautiful. Finally, the use of common spoken language, such as "Ye Niang's wife", "They run with you, cry, and they pull your sleeve" and "But their officials drive them to make trouble", is fresh and natural, which is a very prominent one in Du Fu's poems. In response to this comment, predecessors once said: "Miscellaneous ballads are the most susceptible, and the shallower they are, the more incisive they are." The use of these folk songs adds vivid and cordial appeal to this poem. It's difficult to get through the Shu Road, while Tianmu Mountain is dreaming, Pipa, Chibi Fu, Li Bai, Du Fu, Cao Cao and Su Shi are all very good. You can check for yourself.