Mycorrhiza (from Greek μ? κη? m？ Kē s, fungi and ξαrhiza, roots; Compound mycorrhiza (mycorrhiza or mycorrhiza) is a biological relationship between fungi and plants. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of fungi in the rhizosphere and root system of plants. Mycorrhiza plays an important role in plant nutrition, soil biology and soil chemistry.
In mycorrhizal complex, fungi colonize the root tissue of the host plant, such as in the cells of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM) or outside the cells of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This connection is sometimes mutually beneficial. Mycorrhiza may have parasitic relationship with host plants in some species or in some cases.
definition
Mycorrhiza is the biological relationship between green plants and fungi. Plants make organic molecules such as sugar through photosynthesis and provide them to fungi, while fungi provide plants with mineral nutrients such as water and phosphorus extracted from soil.
Mycorrhiza is located in the roots of vascular plants, but there are also mycorrhizal-like complexes in bryophytes. There is fossil evidence that early terrestrial plants lacking roots formed arbuscular mycorrhizal complexes. Most plant species form mycorrhizal complexes, but some families, such as Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae, cannot. The next section will introduce different forms of association in detail. The most common is the clump-branch type, which exists in 70% plant species, including many crops, such as wheat and rice.
develop
Fossil and genetic evidence shows that mycorrhiza is very old and may be as old as the land of plants. Genetic evidence shows that all terrestrial plants have a common ancestor, and it seems that mycorrhiza was adopted soon. Studies have shown that protomycorrhizal fungi are the key factors to realize the terrestrial biochemistry of plants. 400 million years ago, Rene Flint contained a group of well-preserved plant fossils. Arbuscular mycorrhiza was observed in the stems of arbuscular mycorrhiza, which provided a lower limit for the development of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the later stage. ?
Ectomycorrhiza developed in the late Jurassic, while most other modern mycorrhizae families, including Orchidaceae and Endomycorrhiza, can be traced back to the radiation period of Cretaceous angiosperms. Genetic evidence shows that the symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is an extension of mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship. The modern distribution of mycorrhizal fungi seems to reflect the increasingly complex and competitive root morphology related to the advantages of a new generation of angiosperms, which is characterized by complex ecological dynamics among species.