Ancient prose: an overview of China's ancient prose, which is different from poems, parallel prose, non-rhyming and non-parallel bulk, including classics, biographies and history books, including all so-called essays.
Of course, China's ancient prose:
(1) Pre-Qin prose: including the development of philosopher prose and historical prose. Essays of various schools mainly focus on expositions, such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi, while historical essays mainly focus on historical themes, among which historical events and historical figures are articles and books of historical essays, such as the account of Zuo Zhuan. "
(2) Han Fu: Historical Records Sima Qian pushed his prose to an unprecedented height in the Western Han Dynasty. After the book of the Eastern Han Dynasty, I began to remember that, for individuals, tablet, exposition and theory are a single form of essays.
Prose in Tang and Song Dynasties: The increasingly complex literary prose written by prose has produced many excellent works such as landscape travel notes, fables, biographies and essays under the impetus of the literary movement. Known as the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", it also appeared at this time.
(3) Prose in Ming Dynasty: After the old saying "Seven", the advocates of Tang and Song studies worked for Gui Youguang, who was famous for his "outflow from the chest".
Prose in Qing Dynasty: Early prose represented by Tongcheng embodies the importance of "moral principles". Yao Nai, a representative writer of Tongcheng School, summed up the style of China's ancient prose, which was divided into 13 categories, including preface and postscript, book words, memorial hall, Xu Zeng, imperial edict debate, praying with images, epitaph essays, essays and sad libation. Overview of ancient and modern times
China's classical prose
In ancient China, it was different from poetry, prose, parallel prose without rhyme and weight, including classics, biographies and history books, including all known prose.
The development of China's ancient prose is as follows:
(1) Pre-Qin Prose
Philosopher prose and historical prose. Essays of various schools mainly focus on expositions, such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi, while historical essays mainly focus on historical themes, among which historical events and historical figures are articles and books of historical essays, such as the account of Zuo Zhuan. "
(2) Prose of Han Dynasty
Sima Qian's prose reached an unprecedented height in the historical record of the Western Han Dynasty. After the book of the Eastern Han Dynasty, I began to remember that, for individuals, tablet, exposition and theory are a single form of essays. Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru, Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, four masters of Han Fu, were praised as "four masters of regret" by later generations. Another representative said that Sima Xiangru, Meicheng, Jia Yi and Huainan Mountain. about
Prose of Tang and Song Dynasties
Under the impetus of the ancient prose movement, more and more complex prose was written into literary works, and many excellent works such as landscape travel notes, fables, biographies and essays appeared, and the famous eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties also appeared at this time.
(3) Prose in Ming Dynasty
The first "seven" old saying, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the school's advocacy project "Flowing from the Chest" was the famous Gui Youguang. Qing prose, represented by Tongcheng School in Ming and Qing Dynasties, pays attention to the embodiment of "Tao". Yao Nai, a representative writer of Tongcheng School, summed up the style of China's ancient prose, which was divided into 13 categories, including preface and postscript, calligraphy, memorial hall, Xu Zeng, imperial edict debate, calendar image, epitaph, miscellaneous essays, precious tea blessing, essays and sad sacrifice.
Modern prose poems, novels, dramas and literary styles are characterized by describing some works or life events in real life, expressing the author's views and feelings and revealing their social significance. It can create a true story on the basis of processing, which does not necessarily have a complete story and new characters, but focuses on the expression of emotional life with the idea of choice? For poems and essays with strong elasticity and lyricism, "I" is usually the author himself. Is there a rhythm limit to language? The way of expression can be the fusion of narrative, discussion and lyric description. I also emphasize that I like novelty according to the required content and theme. Through typical details, such as life fragments, psychological description of the environment, rendering of the atmosphere, etc. It can also express artistic techniques and various forms like poetry. Memoirs and other essays. Dedicated to short essays, free form, extensive materials, flexible wording, beautiful language, can quickly reflect life, deeply loved by people.
Edit this paragraph classification
There are two definitions of modern prose (referring to novel, poem and drama juxtaposed as a literary genre): prose, poem, novel and drama in a broad sense. Besides discussing prose, it is lyrical, but it also includes correspondence, reportage, prose, memoirs, biographies, and other sports. With the development of writing discipline, many of his own essays have shrunk. In a narrow sense, the scope of literary prose style is a literary style with extensive narrative or lyric materials and short and sentimental brushstrokes. According to the content and nature of prose, it can be divided into the following categories:
(1)
Notepad prose preparation. This kind of narrative prose, whose characters and events are more specific and prominent, has strong lyrical content while expressing cognition and emotion, and is full of emotional narrative between lines. It pays attention to the essence of things, which is reflected in describing the development of characters and events, the influence of time, place, characters and events, choosing a theme and expressing thoughts and feelings from one side. For example, Lu Xun: Fujino, Wu Boxiao, Spinning Wheel and Memory of Zhu De's Mother. According to the different emphases of prose content, it can be divided into notepad, prose and writing articles. Emphasize the event of the prose clues in Notepad, and emphasize the descriptive nature of the events. It can be a story with a beginning and an end, several fragments of Xu Dishan's Peanut, such as Lu Xun's From Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue. The most important thing is to emphasize the differences between novel narratives. Personal prose, complete character. Often grasp the character's personality characteristics, bold outline, and emphasize the basic performance of the character's temperament, personality and mental outlook, such as Mr. Fujino by Lu Xun. The difference between reality and fiction. Tian Maoquan, a lyrical prose writer
(2)
Pay attention to the expression of feelings to express the thoughts and feelings of the author's prose. This kind of prose describes and depicts concrete things, but often the whole article has no plot. Its outstanding feature is strong lyricism. It is full of strong poetry, even if it is a description of natural scenery, it also gives people profound social content and thoughts and feelings. Excellent lyric prose, vivid language, frequent use of symbols and collocation techniques, sincere feelings, vivid images in the mind and strong artistic appeal. Such as: Parting Love by Mao Dun Poplar, Wei Wei, Moonlight by Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, cherry blossoms like Oh, Mountain Opening by contemporary writer Tian Maoquan.
(3)
Mainly prose describing scenery. This kind of article describes the scenery and expresses the feelings or lyricism from the scenery, grasps the characteristics of the scenery, and observes the changes as the context of the full text according to the order of spatial transformation. Vivid scene description can not only explain the background and render the atmosphere, but also express the thoughts and feelings, themes and better performance of the characters. For example, Liu's Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.
(4) Philosophical prose
Idea, the spark of perception, the concept of cohesion, the crystallization of wisdom. It runs through the past, present, span and vicissitudes of the inclusive world in a foreign country, permeates life and society, permeates parents, and flashes thousands of landscapes in the field of thought. The author's cleverness, the philosophical flash of grasping the opportunity, the pen and ink with both form and spirit, and the rich and thought-provoking beauty. Under normal circumstances, the enlightenment, edification, baptism and sublimation of Han Yong's natural description are undoubtedly enormous. Philosophical prose participates in various images of life truth, thus exposing all the eternal similarities between them. Because of its deep penetration and the unity of body and mind, let us look at the essence through the phenomenon and reveal the background. The concept has a shocking aesthetic effect. We should grasp the way of thinking embodied in philosophical prose and understand the rich cultural background and connotation of basic philosophical prose. 1。 Symbolic thinking of philosophical prose: philosophical topic, because the meaning transcends the daily experience of a day and the physical attributes of nature, it constitutes the symbolic expression of the body. Abandoning it shallowly, it reaches the halo communication field of life sympathetic nerve connected by thought and emotion, and gets the joy and tremor of peace of mind, the symbolic rational awakening and spirit of the soul, which goes beyond the normal emotional reaction and the spiritual top of life. Associative thinking of philosophical prose: Philosophical prose is a three-dimensional, comprehensive and systematic thinking and association, with richer content, and there will be no thin and multi-angle integration of nature, society and life. 3。 Perceptual thinking in philosophical prose: emotional dependence expressed by the basic meaning of philosophical thesis. "The nature of a foreign teacher, the inner source, the process of emotional participation, the perception of life, the understanding of the integration of emotion and imagination, and the result of ideological and philosophical prose are not an ordinary talk. This story contains the thoughts of emotional life and is full of its thoughts? Aesthetic emotional juice. The boundary between reading philosophical essays and understanding the meaning of primitive life in the depths of the soul. This is the artistic beauty of philosophical prose. Edit the main features of the clip.
1。 The shape is scattered and the spirit is scattered.
Prose is limited by a very wide range of free time and space, and informal expression refers to the power grid: development events can be described, characters can be described, characters can express their feelings, and authors can freely adjust and change according to the content needs. The concept of prose is inseparable. The theme to be expressed in prose must be clear and focused. No matter how extensive, flexible and expressive prose is, it is to better express the theme. Should we pay attention to the central idea of the material when choosing to be scattered but not scattered? Some clues about the internal relationship of the structure * * * The same clues in prose: (1) The whole material is an organic whole, which contains profound clues or symbolic things; (2) "I" is a clue, and "I" is a clue. "What I see and hear, what I think and feel, and the freedom and accessibility of speech make readers feel more true and close to the people.
2。 Deep artistic conception
Far-reaching artistic conception, focused life experience, strong lyricism and sincere emotional expression. The author's imagination and association start from here, from the superficial to the deep, from the real part and imagination to the scene, focusing on the financial situation of this matter, the emotions on this issue, and the real feelings expressed by props. In order to achieve the above goals, My Unity shows a deeper way of thinking and makes readers understand a deeper truth.
3。 The language is beautiful and concise, rich in literary talent.
The so-called beauty means that the language of prose is fresh, bright (and beautiful) musical words, such as dripping water, jingling, talking freely, lively and full of sincerity. The so-called concise prose language is simple, simple, natural and fluent, and a few words can describe vivid images and outline scenes, which is a far-reaching realm of artistic conception. Prose strives to write about recent scenery, and the prose that feels refreshing is called "Wen" theory, which not only has spiritual views and beautiful artistic conception, but also has clear, meaningful and unpretentious literary talent. I often see some excellent essays, which not only enrich my knowledge, broaden my horizons and cultivate my noble thoughts and sentiments, but also choose purposeful rules, layout and word-using skills to improve my language ability.