Teaching objectives:
1, consolidate poetry reading, and understand the life, background and style of famous writers.
2. Understand the emotions and thoughts embodied in ancient poetry, guide students to analyze and appreciate poetry from different angles, and learn and master the methods of appreciating poetry.
3. Enhance humanistic quality in appreciation and cultivate feelings of loving poetry and motherland culture.
Emphasis and difficulty of teaching: learning the method of appreciating ancient poetry
Teaching methods: guidance, teaching, autonomous learning and cooperative inquiry.
Class record
First, import
Teacher: Students, reading poetry is like listening to the ancients sing emotional songs. It is with these emotional seeds that the poet's pen will bloom with beautiful flowers of poetry. When we appreciate poetry, only by grasping the emotional coordinates of this poem can we really get close to the soul of the poem and enter the aesthetic palace built by this poem.
Second, the common thoughts and feelings in poetry.
Teacher: Today, we are going to discuss the common feelings in poetry. The ancients often said, "Poetry expresses ambition, poetry expresses emotion". What are the common emotional themes in the ancient poems we have been exposed to in junior high school? Which one do you like best? Please think about it and give examples. Students who are not clear can discuss with each other.
Health 1: I like to feel nature, Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan".
Teacher: (writing on the blackboard naturally) What kind of emotion is this?
Life 1: a quiet and leisurely state of mind in seclusion.
Teacher (nodding): Good. Does this sentence express any emotion?
Health 2: I love nature and yearn for a leisurely, calm and free life.
Teacher: Yes. It also expresses Tao Yuanming's broad-minded mind. Is there such a poem? Answer according to the emotional format of the author's famous sentences. Who added it?
Health 3: Han Yu's poem "The rain is crisp in the sky, the grass is fragrant nearby, but there is nothing" praises the scenery of early spring and the poet's love for spring.
Teacher: Yes, early spring, which is the beginning of spring. How can we not arouse people's hopes when we are full of energy? Anything else?
Health 4: Wang Wei's "I will walk until the water stops me, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" writes the poet's carefree and indifferent thought.
Teacher (smiling): I like this poem very much, too. It contains the philosophy of having confidence and not being disappointed when life is desperate. What types of themes are there?
Health 1: Homesickness and homesickness: Li Bai: "After hearing about Bai Liu in this nocturne, no one can miss his hometown" and miss his hometown and relatives.
Teacher: (homesick on the blackboard) Who wants to add?
Student 2: Su Shi's Mink Head misses his loved ones and is optimistic and broad-minded.
S3: Cui Hao "But I looked home, and the twilight was getting darker? "Jiang waves with a sad mist, strong homesickness, is endless.
Teacher (Applause): Everyone spoke very well. Let's look at other categories.
Health 1: Farewell to Changting. Wang Wei is reluctant to part with his friends, because he "advises you to drink one more glass of wine, and there is no reason for people to go out to Yang Guan".
Health 2: Wang Bo's exhortation and comfort to his friends, "Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you".
Teacher: This is a famous sentence in Gao Shi's Don't Move Big. Where are Wang Bo's famous sentences?
S3: However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor. Encourage your friends and stay optimistic.
Teacher: (writing on the blackboard and seeing him off in the pavilion) The students used to learn really well. Let's talk about something else.
Health 1: Make contributions. Fan Zhongyan's determination to defend his country and his ambition are hard to repay his resentment and his yearning for his loved ones.
Teacher: (Write on the blackboard and make a contribution) Who are the representatives of this kind of theme?
Student 2: Xin Qiji "gave up the king's affairs in the world and became famous after his death." Poor white hair is born. "
Health 3: I can bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius. Expressed Su Shi's lofty sentiments and ambitions of serving the country.
Teacher: It also reveals the regret that ambition is hard to pay. Most frontier poems express this theme. Any other topics?
Health 1: When you are worried about your country. Du Fu's poem "Where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their sorrows" implicitly conveys the poet's sigh and anger.
Teacher: (When the blackboard is worried about the country) Please give another example.
Student 2: Du Mu's "business women don't know how to hate the country, but they still sing" backyard flowers "to cross the river", expressing their thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Teacher: The students summed it up accurately. These are all emotional tests of human beings through the ages, which have given birth to countless famous sentences.
Third, try to figure out the emotion in poetry.
Teacher: Poets turn their inner feelings into concise words, so how can we grasp the emotional context of a poem through these words?
Sheng 1: It can be analyzed from rhetoric.
Health 2: You can appreciate it from the expression.
Teacher (nodding): Yes, this is the main method, and there are other angles. Let me give you a hint:
First, know the author and the subject. (written on the blackboard)
Because each poet's life experience and emotional experience are different, their poems often show different styles. Chinese talents often test some famous poems. Therefore, if we can understand the life background and main writing styles of these poets, we can analyze them from a lofty standpoint when we appreciate them. Can you tell me about a poet you know?
Born in 1: Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people. Judging from Three Officials, Three Farewells and Spring Hope, his poems are gloomy and frustrated.
Teacher: Generally speaking, it is profound and profound, with ups and downs of feelings and repeated low returns.
Health 2: Lu You and Xin Qiji are patriotic poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, with lofty aspirations of recovering lost land and serving the country. The poetic style is bold and unrestrained.
Teacher (excited smile): Brilliant. , what else?
Life 3: Tao Yuanming yearns for the light of pastoral seclusion, leisurely and quiet, noble and proud, and his poetic style is simple and natural.
Li Qingzhao burst into tears.
Health 4: Li He is depressed and angry.
Teacher: A preliminary understanding of the poet's style can bring us some convenience, but it should be noted that the so-called style refers to the theme of the poet's writing, with exceptions. Li Qingzhao, the representative of graceful and restrained ci school, also has a magnificent poem of "being a hero and dying a hero". Du Fu, who is concerned about the country and the people, sang: "When you climb to the top of the mountain, you can see that other mountains are short in the sky." In his boyhood, he expressed his self-confidence and positive and optimistic spirit of climbing the peak of his life despite difficulties.
Teacher: Second, look at the hints and set the tone. (written on the blackboard)
Where does the hint come from? It is the title, background hints, comments and so on in the poem. This often gives us an important hint to understand the emotion of poetry. What did you learn from Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night?
Sheng 1: The word ""in the title implies the poet's joy and admiration for the arrival of the spring rain.
Teacher: Quick response! How about Hope in Spring?
Health 2: "Hope" means wait and see, hope, hope.
Teacher (asking sideways): Can you elaborate?
Health: Seeing that the country is ruined, I hope that the war will end as soon as possible, and I look forward to letters from my relatives and an early reunion.
Teacher: The analysis is very comprehensive. Let's think about the preface before Bai Juyi's poem "Looking at the Moon": Henan is in chaos, Guanzhong is hungry, and brothers are separated ... What emotions do you see in the poet?
Health 3: The poet is lonely and miserable, suffering from war.
Teacher: Think again, what else?
Health: There is also the feeling of missing and caring for relatives.
Teacher: The background and allusions in the notes also help us to understand. Students should pay attention to accumulation.
Third, find the image and understand the feelings. (written on the blackboard)
In ancient poetry, there are many close but fixed emotional connotations. Let's talk about it.
Life 1: Liu:, the feeling of parting, the feeling of parting is hard to give up.
Life two: falling flowers: youth is fleeting, and life is impermanent with sighs and sadness.
Health 3: Chrysanthemum is a high metaphor for noble and loyal ambition.
Teacher: plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum and pine all have this symbolic meaning.
Life 4: Month:, homesickness is novel, leaving sorrow and not hating, loneliness and homesickness.
Health 5: Sunset, sunset, desolation, loss and melancholy.
Life 6: Running water, life is short, and fate is sad and impermanent.
Health 7: Lonely Goose: Lonely and homesick; Brother Qiang, be sad.
Teacher: Do you know what the east wind and the west wind often symbolize? Please think about our geographical position. What winds are dominant in different seasons?
Health 1: The south wind starts in summer and the north wind blows in winter.
Health 2: East wind in spring and west wind in autumn.
Teacher: What do the east wind and the west wind symbolize?
Health 3: The east wind symbolizes beautiful things such as spring and hope. The west wind symbolizes melancholy and sadness, and wanderers are homesick.
Teacher: Grasping the sensory image and its fixed emotional connotation in poetry is conducive to understanding the emotion of poetry.
Fourth, taste poetry and feel feelings. (written on the blackboard)
Grasp the emotional theme of poetry by grasping the key words that directly express one's mind in poetry. Remember, this word is the eye of poetry. This sentence is the theme of this poem. Appreciate this kind of sentence: common sentence patterns, this poem (this poem) uses (expression, rhetoric, expression) to write some characteristics of (image), express (highlight) (some) thoughts and feelings, and play (some) role. (written on the blackboard)
If it is to analyze the beauty of a word: what does the word mean, how to write the characteristics of (what scenery) and express the author's feelings. Before analyzing, let's review the main expressions.
Sheng 1: performance: narration, description, discussion and lyric, with emphasis on description and lyric.
Teacher (smiling and nodding): Well, let's talk about it. Poetry appreciation mainly discusses description and lyricism.
Health: Description methods: dynamic and static combination, front description, side description, line drawing, etc. Lyrics include direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Teacher: What about common rhetoric?
Student 2: Metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, pun, intertextuality, synaesthesia, contrast, irony, rhetorical question, repetition and so on.
Teacher: Who would like to talk about the main expression skills?
Student 3: Take advantage of the scenery to express emotion, hold things to express ambition, like to write sadness, and set out.
Health 4: If you want to promote and suppress first, see the big from the small, combine the dynamic with the static, and write the static with the dynamic.
Teacher: Everyone has summed it up very comprehensively. Besides, cut to the chase, guide Zhang Xianzhi to live together in reality, compare with each other, and express his ideas directly. Foreshadowing is also a common writing method.
Fourth, practice. Let's appreciate this poem with the above appreciation format. Please discuss and answer the questions.
1. When will Feng Tang be sent to the cloud? I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry. Know yourself in the sea, and heaven is still our neighbor. 4. Until the river bank widens at low tide, no wind blows my lonely sail. On the beauty of the word "kuo".
Sheng 1. The first sentence compares Shang Wei in the Western Han Dynasty with allusions, which expresses the poet's desire to be trusted and reused, to make contributions to the country and to serve the country.
Division; Allusions in ancient poetry should be worthy of our attention, because an allusion is a cultural phenomenon and a living habit. In Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting, the meaning of "Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is difficult to seal" is similar.
Student 2: The second sentence uses exaggeration and metaphor to turn virtual into real, invisible into tangible, and concretize abstract sadness, vividly showing the heavy and infinite meaning of sadness.
Teacher (thumbs up): Good analysis. Li Yu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, "How many worries can there be?" Just like a river flowing eastward, it is also a metaphor to describe "worry" clearly and vividly.
The third sentence is vivid and concise, full of deep affection and philosophy. The whole sentence opposes the feeling of parting, puts aside the lingering feelings of children, and gives comfort and encouragement to friends, which shows the poet's extraordinary mind, ambition and optimistic spirit.
Student 4: "Broad" means "open", which vividly describes the boundless river and the vast water surface at the high tide, and also writes the scene of the spring of the earth, which is set off by a lonely sail, showing the poet's life tolerance and broad mind.
Teacher: The students have clear ideas and wonderful speeches, showing our own style.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary:
Teacher: A class time really flies. We can't appreciate every poem. I hope that students can master the method of poetry appreciation, understand the poet's environment, understand the content of poetry, taste the emotion of poetry, cultivate their own sentiments, improve their cultural literacy and improve their scores in the senior high school entrance examination. Finally, send a poem to the class:
(Teachers and students read together) Drops of water wear away stones, and years sail like songs. The moon is respected for its outstanding talent. He drew a blueprint with an excellent pen.
Teacher: I wish the students success in the senior high school entrance examination!
Activity reflection
This class is a review class, which mainly focuses on the cultivation of learning methods and skills.
In the classroom, under the guidance of teachers, students are the main body, and students' thoughts are fully respected, so that students can understand poetry independently and correctly, and experience and appreciate expression. In the whole process, students do not passively accept knowledge, but actively explore problems, speak freely and communicate boldly. Teachers pay attention to the cultivation of inquiry learning habits, so that students can improve their comprehensive Chinese ability in multi-disciplinary interactive learning and the integration of various knowledge, and are influenced by humanistic literacy.