I. Origin of World Water Day
Although all social and economic activities depend on the supply and quality of fresh water to a great extent, people generally do not realize the role of water resources development in improving economic productivity and social welfare; With the population growth and economic development, many countries will soon fall into the predicament of water shortage, and economic development will be limited; Promoting water protection and sustainable management requires public awareness at local, national, interregional and international levels.
199365438+1October 18. The 47th United Nations General Assembly made a resolution according to the Agenda 2 1 century, and designated March 22nd as World Water Day. According to their national conditions, countries carry out some specific activities on this day to protect and develop water resources, and implement the suggestions put forward in Agenda 2 1 Century to raise public awareness. The United Nations Secretariat will do its best to organize World Water Day in any way and method under the existing conditions without affecting the current activities, make suggestions, make necessary arrangements around a specific theme related to water resources protection, and ensure the success of the activities.
Second, the origin of "China Water Week"
Water is an indispensable and irreplaceable important natural resource and environmental factor for all life and social and economic development. However, the rapid development of population growth, industrial and agricultural production activities and urbanization in modern society has had a great impact on limited water resources and water environment. On a global scale, the pollution of water quality, the sharp increase of water demand and the unreasonable utilization caused by competing development among departments have further shortened water resources, worsened water environment, seriously affected social and economic development and threatened human welfare. Therefore, in order to arouse the public's water awareness, a more comprehensive sustainable utilization system of water resources and the corresponding operating mechanism should be established. 1988 After the promulgation of the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Ministry of Water Resources designated July 1-7 as "China Water Week" every year. Considering that the themes and contents of World Water Day and China Water Week are basically the same, China Water Week started from 1994.
Three. General situation of water resources in China
China is a country with severe drought and water shortage. Our total freshwater resources are 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of the global water resources, ranking fourth in the world, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada, but the per capita freshwater resources are only 2,200 cubic meters, which is only 1/4 of the world average, and 1/5 of the United States, ranking first in the world.
Four, China water pollution is quite serious.
China is not only a country with poor water resources, but also has serious water pollution.
(1) News report:
Title: Water shortage in China: 60% of the cities are short of water, and half of the groundwater is polluted 2005.4438+02.438+0. Text:
At present, the shortage of water resources in China is becoming more and more serious. More than 400 cities in China are short of water to varying degrees, among which 136 is seriously short of water. At the same time, 50% of urban groundwater is polluted to varying degrees, and some cities have already experienced water crisis.
Wang, a comprehensive survey and design institute, introduced at the national survey and design commendation meeting held here on 30th that there are many reasons for the shortage of urban water resources in China, such as less precipitation, lagging construction of water source projects, unreasonable allocation of water resources, deterioration of water environment and poor water resources management system. The last few reasons are related to the weak urban hydrogeological investigation in China.
Wang said that groundwater plays an important role in urban water supply in China. More than 400 cities in China exploit and utilize groundwater, accounting for 30% of the total urban water consumption, of which 72% are in North China and 66% in Northwest China.
Wang also said that the acceleration of urbanization and the development of regional economy have increased the load of local water resources and the pollution of urban groundwater. In many cities, there are problems such as eutrophication and excessive iron and manganese in groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen urban hydrogeological exploration in China, do a good job in groundwater quality assessment and environmental impact assessment, and provide scientific basis for urban planning, construction and management decisions.
(2) Water pollution mainly comes from:
Natural pollution: human and animal excreta, decaying plants and garbage pollution;
Industrial pollution: three kinds of pollution: sewage, waste gas and noise discharged by factories, mines, automobiles and ships;
Pollution caused by the loss of pesticides, fertilizers and hormones in use and other chemical production processes;
Modern high-tech pollution: electromagnetic radiation pollution of household appliances and office communication equipment;
Pollution in water treatment and water delivery, carcinogen-chloroform, etc. The pollutants in the water after chlorination in the water plant seriously exceeded the standard;
Secondary pollution caused by long pipeline transportation of tap water; The third pollution caused by the increase and multiplication of pollutants in the water tanks of long-term unattended high-rise buildings in residential areas; Then it flows into thousands of households from the water tanks of high-rise buildings through pipelines, which will also cause the fourth pollution.
(3) Water pollution report
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Water Resources, the total amount of wastewater discharged in China in 2003 was 64 billion tons. Haihe River, Liaohe River, Yellow River and Huaihe River are the most polluted, and the groundwater quality is deteriorating. However, about 63 million people in rural areas in China drink high-fluorine water, 2 million people drink high-arsenic water, 38 million people drink brackish water, and 654.38+0.9 billion people drink water with harmful substances exceeding the standard.
The surface water quality report issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration shows that the overall water quality of the Pearl River system is good among the seven major water systems. The director of Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau stressed that although the water quality of the main stream of the Pearl River can meet the national second and third class water quality standards, the problem of water environmental pollution cannot be ignored. "The outstanding pollution problem is in the urban reach. Due to the rapid industrial development, the problem of the Pearl River tributaries near Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan and Dongguan is more prominent. "
News report 1: Jiangsu CDC experts have obtained Jiangsu cancer death virus after years of research. The high incidence areas are in He Lixia area in central Jiangsu and around Taihu Lake basin-both near the water source. At present, the incidence and mortality of cancer in Jiangsu province are among the highest in China. Nanjing Institute of Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences also released the latest scientific research results: In addition to pesticide and heavy metal pollution, there are some rare organic carcinogens in the soil of the Yangtze River Delta region, which is the world's granary. Polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the most toxic, and cadmium, lead and mercury seriously exceed the standard. Soil pollution has endangered human body.
News report 2: Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China, covers an area of 2,400 square kilometers and a drainage area of 36,895 square kilometers. It is the most important water source in Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Hangjiahu. If Taihu Lake Basin is regarded as a human body, it is the "heart" of Shanghai, Suzhou, Xichang and Hangjiahu in terms of geographical location, outline and strategic function.
"Taihu Lake is treated according to the current urban and rural sewage discharge and discharge standards, and the water in Taihu Lake Basin will never meet the requirements of clean surface water. 20 15 eating clean water has a long way to go. " Xu, former deputy chief engineer of the Ministry of Water Resources and academician of China Academy of Engineering, pointed out rudely in his speech.
News report 3: A new round of national groundwater resources evaluation and strategic research published in 2003 shows that about half of the cities in China have serious groundwater pollution and the quality of groundwater has declined. The evaluation shows that according to the Regional Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Standard, according to the distribution area, 63% of groundwater resources can be directly used, 17% can be used only after proper treatment, and 12% is not suitable for drinking, but it can be used as water supply source for industry and agriculture, and about 8% of groundwater can not be directly used only after special treatment. About half of the cities in China have serious groundwater pollution, and the quality of groundwater is declining. About 70 million people in China still drink groundwater that does not meet the drinking water quality standards.
News report 4: Since the beginning of this year, the pollution rebound in Huaihe River Basin has intensified. The monitoring results of key pollutant discharge enterprises by environmental protection departments show that 13 of the 9 national monitoring sections in Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province are in the state of exceeding the standard, and the total pollutant discharge in Huaihe River Basin is on the rise. There is also a ballad circulating on both sides of Huaihai: washing rice and vegetables in the 1950s, washing clothes and irrigating in the 1960s, water quality deteriorating in the 1970s, fish and shrimp dying in the 1980s, and diarrhea causing cancer in the 1990s! (CCTV reported in August 2004 10)
News report 5: It is learned from the Yellow River Water Resources Protection Department that since 2004, the water pollution of the Yellow River has risen again, and the reaches with water quality worse than Category 5 account for 38% of the monitored and evaluated reaches. Experts pointed out that the inferior five types of water have basically lost their water functions, and according to the regulations of water function zoning in China, the water quality of the main stream of the Yellow River should meet the third type of water standards.
News report 6: The deterioration of water environment has become a big worry for the sustainable development of economy and society in Haihe River Basin. At present, 75% of the entire Haihe River basin 1 1,000 km has been polluted, ranking first among the seven major rivers in China. Haihe River Basin includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other regions. Since 1997, this basin has been in drought for seven years in a row, and many areas have to rely on over-exploitation of groundwater to maintain it. At present, the over-exploitation in the whole basin has reached10 billion cubic meters, and the underground mining funnel is more than 90 thousand square kilometers.
Five, the shortage of water resources and pollution have seriously affected China's economic development and people's health. The water resources of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Huaihe River have been polluted to varying degrees, which has brought great negative effects on production and life. The situation of water resources in China is very serious. At the same time, the urban water consumption in China is not optimistic. More than 400 cities in China are short of water, and 130 cities are seriously short of water. The shortage of water resources has become an important factor restricting the economic development of China. The global shortage of water resources has caused various environmental and ecological problems, and even triggered a water war.
We should strengthen the awareness of water crisis, create an atmosphere of "cherishing water, protecting water and making water benefit mankind", care for life and cherish water resources, starting from me.