1. Excuse me: Good evening
In ancient my country, there was no custom of adding time when greeting. The saying "good morning, good evening" is a Western habit, so there is no Classical Chinese saying.
Ancient Chinese people greeted each other with a salute and generally did not say anything.
For example, during the Qin Dynasty, when two people met for the first time, the younger generation would give a big salute to the elder. The big salute refers to the ceremony of bowing. Those who met again would perform a small ceremony, that is, take two steps, cup their hands, bow, and bow their heads. When you are down, your waist should be bent down. The first words you say when meeting are mostly based on "step", or "master, no talent".
The etiquette of the Ming Dynasty has returned to the past. When literati met with each other, they would cup their hands and bow. In order to ensure respect, they would move their hands from their foreheads down to their chests and bend at 45 degrees to salute. The etiquette of the Ming Dynasty It can be said that there are different etiquettes for different people. As for the titles among literati, Xiaoke, Xiandi, Xianxiong, or I am the main one.
As the last feudal dynasty, the Qing Dynasty once again pushed the feudal system to its peak. In daily worship, you have to kneel down, when you see your superiors, you have to kneel when you see your master's family. Among the literati of the Qing Dynasty, you have to kneel Most people are addressed as sir, and the etiquette is generally based on hand-over. The complex etiquette of the Qing Dynasty was reflected in the officialdom and between the monarch and his ministers. The titles and etiquette among literati during the Qing Dynasty were very simplified.
Extended information:
Classical Chinese is relative to today’s vernacular after the New Culture Movement. There was no such thing as classical Chinese in ancient times. It is characterized by its emphasis on allusions, parallel antithesis, and neat rhythm, and includes a variety of literary styles such as policy, poetry, lyrics, music, eight-legged essay, and parallel prose. After being modified by literati in the past dynasties, it became more and more flashy. From the Tang Dynasty, great writers such as Han Yu launched the "Ancient Prose Movement", advocating a return to popular ancient prose. In order to facilitate reading and understanding, classical Chinese texts in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks.
Today's classical Chinese is an article composed of a written language in ancient China. It mainly includes written language based on the spoken language of the Pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, objects for recording writing had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other objects were used to record writing. With the changes in history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" became the exclusive domain of scholars.
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - Classical Chinese 2. Verses to express good morning
The spring breeze is like mellow wine, which affects all things.
Song Dynasty Cheng Zhidao's "Crossing the Red Plum Pavilion" Song Dynasty Zhang Shi's "The Beginning of Spring Occasionally": "When spring arrives, the world's vegetation will be known." Light rain Spread the fragrant dust and create a pleasant spring scene. Brewing: brewing.
Keren: Pleasant. "Good things are coming soon" by Shi Xiaoyou of the Song Dynasty The east wind gently fanned the spring cold. Qingfan: blowing gently.
Jin Duan Keji's "Watching the Moon Brahman" The spring in the green window comes late, who wakes up, the dawn orioles outside the window wake up: wake up. Yuan Dynasty·Hu Zhiyu's "Yangchun Song·Spring Scene" When spring comes, everything in the world is bright·Feng Menglong's "Warning Words·Wang Jiao writes about a hundred years of hatred" There is no need to go to the eastern suburbs, spring is in thousands of households in the Qing Dynasty·Lu Daoyue's " "Welcoming Spring" The spring scenery is sultry, the flowers are loved by the wind like a fan, and the willow smoke forms a formation. Qing Dynasty Hong Yi's "Eternal Life Palace·Yuyou" Spring is late, and the flowers and trees are luxuriant.
Cang Geng and Qi Qi. Chichi: slow.
Huimu: vegetation. luxuriant: the appearance of lush grass.
Cang Geng: Oriole. 喈刈: Birds singing in harmony.
Fan: Artemisia annua. Qi Qi: Many.
"The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Chuche" It's mid-spring, and the sun is rising. Yanghe: the warmth of spring "Historical Records·The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" Yangchun Budze, all things are glorious, ancient poems of Han Dynasty Yuefu " "Long Song" The spring day wind in the ancient Jin Yuefu poem "Three Jin Baiqi Dance Poems" In the spring of February and March, the grass and water are of the same color :beautiful. Tun: station, gather.
Southern Song Dynasty Xie Lingyun's "Entering Pengli Lake Mouth." The spring breeze is like mellow wine, it touches everything and no one knows what it is attached to: the spring breeze moisturizes all things.
A poem "Crossing the Red Plum Pavilion" by Cheng Zhidao of the Song Dynasty. When spring comes, the world's vegetation will be known. Song Dynasty's Zhang Shi's "The Beginning of Spring Occasionally": "There will be less frost at the end of the year, and when spring comes, the world's grass and trees will be known." Light rain Spread the fragrant dust and create a pleasant spring scene. Brewing: brewing.
Keren: Pleasant. "Good things are coming soon" by Shi Xiaoyou of the Song Dynasty The east wind gently fanned the spring cold. Qingfan: blowing gently.
Jin Duan Keji's "Watching the Moon Brahman" The spring in the green window comes late, who wakes up, the dawn orioles outside the window wake up: wake up. Yuan Dynasty Hu Zhiyu's "Yangchun Song·Spring Scene" When spring comes, everything in the world becomes brighter·Feng Menglong's "Warning Words·Wang Jiao writes about a century-old hatred" There is no need to go to the eastern suburbs, spring is in thousands of households in the Qing Dynasty·Lu Daoyue's " "Welcome the Spring" The spring scenery is sultry, the flowers are loved by the wind like a fan, and the willow smoke forms a formation. Qing Dynasty Hong Yi's "Eternal Life Palace·Yuyou" Spring is late, and the flowers and trees are luxuriant.
Cang Geng and Qi Qi. Chichi: slow.
Huimu: vegetation. luxuriant: the appearance of lush grass.
Cang Geng: Oriole. 喈刈: Birds singing in harmony.
Fan: Artemisia annua. Qi Qi: Many.
"The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Chuche" It's mid-spring, and the sun is rising. Yanghe: the warmth of spring "Historical Records·The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" Yangchun Bu Deze, all things are glorious. Ancient Chinese Yuefu poems "Long Song" The spring day wind in the ancient Jin Yuefu poem "Three Jin Baiqi Dance Poems" In the spring of February and March, the grass and water are of the same color :beautiful. Tun: station, gather.
Two sentences say that as winter turns to spring, the birds have changed.
Southern Song Dynasty Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Tower" Noisy birds cover Chunzhou, and miscellaneous heroes fill the land. Fuchunzhou: a sandbank covered with spring. Miscellaneous; various flowers.
Fangdian: Suburbs. Liang Xie Tiao of the Southern Dynasties, "Climbing Three Mountains at Night and Looking at the Capital City" sent a message to Luo City for the wind and sunshine, and the beauty of spring will be doubled next year. Luo City: Luoyang City.
Fengri: Spring scenery. Dao: Say.
Tang Du Shenyan's "Spring Day in the Capital" I don't know who cut it carefully, the spring breeze in February is like scissors Tang He Zhizhang's "Ode to the Willow": "The jasper is made up to a tree high, with thousands of green silk threads hanging down. I don’t know who to cut out carefully, the spring breeze in February is like scissors.”
The forest flowers are sweeping away, and the paths and grass are still alive. Tang Meng Haoran’s "The Nine Phases of the Happy King in Spring" The lake is clear in February, and spring birds are everywhere. Ming Yu Haoran of the Tang Dynasty "Looking for the Nine Phases of the Happy King in the Spring" Hearing that Chun has not met yet, he walked by the winter plum blossoms to visit the news Tang Li Bai "Sending to the King of Hanyang in Early Spring" The plum blossoms are gone in the cold snow, and the spring breeze returns to the willows of the Tang Dynasty Li Bai's "Eight Poems for Music in the Palace" 》The east wind returns with spring, sending flowers on my branches. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "Reminiscences of the Sunset in the Mountains" The east wind sprinkles rain and dew, bringing people together in the spring of heaven and earth. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "Sending Qi Ang to Drop in Bazhong" In February and March of Xianyang, the golden branches of the palace willows, Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "Ancient Style" If the spring grass is sentimental, there is still green in the mountains. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "A Reply to Su Xiucai from Kinmen." From time to time, fallen flowers arrive, and the fragrance is carried by the flowing water from afar. "Snow is a hill" The road ends with white clouds, and the spring and green streams are long. It means: the road is blocked by white clouds, and the spring scenery is as endless as the green flowing water. "Que Ti" by Liu Minxu of the Tang Dynasty The fragrant trees have fallen without people, and birds are chirping along the spring mountain. "Improvisation of Spring Journey" by Li Hua of the Tang Dynasty The solemn tidbits are late, and the feathers are red and light.
The day is long and the male bird is long, and the spring is far away alone. The first two sentences describe the red color of the flowers and the catkins. The last two sentences mean that the sun is getting longer. The spring color is pale and far away. You can only listen to the birds coughing. No one comes and goes, only Chaimen. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty "Spring Transport" The color of the snow in the mausoleum is still day lily, revealing the wicker day lily in the spring scenery: an ancient person A grass thought to make people forget their worries.
This sentence says that the day lily sprouts and invades the snow. Leak: Reveal.
Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, "Las Day" The spring breeze rises in Jianghan, and the frost is gone last night. Tang Du "I miss my brother Ying Guan from afar" The spring city is full of color and slightly cold. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty "The Nineteenth Cao Chang on the Road to Dispel Menace" "Jiangpu thunder was noisy last night, and the spring city was moving and slightly cold." In the morning, new fires and new smoke were coming, and the passenger ship was facing the clear spring scenery of the lake.
"Two Qingming Poems" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, just like the spring breeze deceives each other, blowing and breaking a few flowers at night. "Nine Quatrains of Romance" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty. : The warmth of spring. "Spring Suburbs" by Qian Qi of the Tang Dynasty Spring is late when the swallows do not return, and the apricot blossoms are cold in the misty rain in a ting. Ting: flat land on the water bank.
"Suxi Pavilion" by Dai Shulun of the Tang Dynasty The poet's clear scene is in the New Year, and the green willows are only half yellow, half uneven; most. Uneven: Uneven.
"Early Spring in the East of the City" by Yang Juyuan of the Tang Dynasty. The light rain on the sky street is as moist as crisp, and the color of grass looks far away but not up close. The most beautiful thing about spring is that it is the best place to see smoke and willows all over the emperor's capital. Tianjie: A street in the capital city.
The color of the grass can be seen from a distance; the spring grass is beginning to grow, and a few buds are slightly exposed. From a distance, it looks like a fresh green, but up close it seems to be missing. Absolutely victorious; far superior.
Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty "Early Spring Presents the Water Department Zhang Shiba Yuanwai" The grass and trees know that spring will soon return, and all kinds of red and purple compete with Fangfei: Fangfei: the flowers and plants of Mei Sheng. "Late Spring" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty.
3. In ancient times, there was; Good morning
People's meeting etiquette. As a country of etiquette, our country had many different etiquettes when people met each other in ancient times. Yi: Bowing hands in salute is called Yi. This is The most common etiquette for guests and hosts in ancient times to meet each other. There are three types of bowing etiquette: one is used for people of different surnames who are not married, and the hands are pushed slightly downward when saluting; the other is used for people of different surnames who are married, and hands are pushed flat when saluting. Front; Three are reserved for guests with the same surname. When saluting, push your hands slightly upward. Chang Yi: This is an ancient greeting ceremony regardless of dignity. The hands are cupped and raised from top to bottom. Gong: An ancient greeting ceremony, with both hands on the chest. The front is joined together to show respect. For example, "Zi Lu stands arched" ("The Analects"). Bow: an ancient etiquette showing respect. In ancient times, worship was just a matter of bending over and holding hands in front of the chest, bending the head forward, and touching the forehead. The hands are like bowing. For example, in "The Peacock Flies Southeast", "I went to the church to worship my mother, and my mother was very angry." The "bow" here is the etiquette performed by Jiao Zhongqing to his mother. Later, it also refers to bending the knees and bowing the head, putting both hands on the ground or Kowtowing to the ground is called "worship". For example, in "Hongmen Banquet", "Kui bows to thank you, rises, stands and drinks." The "worship" here should be this kind of kneeling ceremony. Bowing to the hands: an ancient kneeling ceremony. Salute. At this time, kneel down, cup your hands to the ground, and rest your head on your hands. In "Zhou Li", it is called "empty head"; it is also called "bowing down". For example, "Guangming, I admire you, I admire you, I want to I bow my hands to you, and I will bow to you" ("Qu Yuan (Excerpt)"). Bow twice: Bow twice to show the solemn etiquette. For example, "I would like to send you a pair of white jade, and then bow to the king." "One step" ("Hongmen Banquet"). In the past, "obeisance again" was often used at the end of letters to express respect. Pause: Kneel down and kowtow to the ground as a pause. "Pause" means to pause for a moment. When saluting, you stand up when your head touches the ground. The time when the head touches the ground is short, so it is called "Dunsou". It is usually used for salutes from subordinates to superiors and between peers. Such as greetings and farewells among officials, congratulations, visits, and farewells among the people. It is also often used at the beginning or at the beginning of letters. At the end, such as "...Qiu Chi paused" ("Book with Chen Bo"). Jishou: a kind of kneeling ceremony in ancient times. Kneel down with your head touching the ground and stay for a long time as Jishou. "Ji" means to stay and delay. Salute. At this time, the person giving the salute kneels down, presses his left hand on his right hand, puts his hands on the ground, and slowly lowers his head to the ground, with his hands in front of his knees and his head behind his hands. The head must stay on the ground for a period of time. The head bow is the most important etiquette and is often used for It is used by ministers when they pay homage to the king. For example, "Meng Ming Jishou said: "The favor of the king should not be provoked by tiring the ministers, and the envoys will kill Qin when they return." ("The Battle of Wei"). 4. Good morning
Answer: 1.
⑴ He, she, it (them).
⑶ Go.
⑷This, this.
⑸As a sign of preposition of the object. ⑹I.
⑺Adjust the syllable. Meaning.
⑻ Used in subject-predicate structure to express the independence of the sentence.
⑼As a sign of postposition of attributive.
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"Yu" is a preposition, which is always combined with nouns, pronouns or phrases to form prepositional phrases to modify verbs and adjectives, expressing various combination relationships.
1. Introduce the time, place, scope, object, aspect, reason, etc. of the action, which can be translated as "in", "in...", "in...", "to" and "to" depending on the situation. "Since", "from", "with", "with", "right", "for", "given", "due to", etc.
For example: Gou Quan lives in troubled times and does not seek to learn and reach the princes. ("Departure Watch" is in...)
Please be ordered to seek help from General Sun. ("Battle of Chibi" to)
For oneself, one would be ashamed of the master... ("Shi Shuo" to, for)
2. Put after the adjective, it means Comparison can generally be translated as "to compare", and sometimes it can be translated as "to surpass".
For example: Ice is what water is, but it is colder than water. ("Encouraging Learning")
Sometimes it just expresses the nature and state of the object and does not need to be translated.
3. It is placed after the verb to introduce the active agent of the action, which can be translated as "being". Sometimes there are words such as "see" and "receive" before the verb corresponding to it.
For example: I cannot enumerate the whole land of Wu... It is controlled by others... ("The Battle of Red Cliff")
4. The usage of the polysyllabic function word "Su" is similar to the modern Chinese "So" "Not exactly the same.
① Placed at the beginning of a sentence, it expresses the succession or causal relationship between the preceding and following sentences, which is the same as the current succession conjunction or causal conjunction. This is also used in modern Chinese.
② Placed before or after the predicate, "so" is a prepositional phrase used as an adverbial or complement. According to the different usages of "yu", it can be equivalent to "here", "from here", etc.
My ancestor died for this, and my father died for this. ("In this profession" "Snake Catcher")
3rd person
Particles are mainly used in two ways. One is attached to other words or phrases to form a noun phrase. For example:
Hide it at home so that those who come can read it and feel sad. ("Afterword of "Guidebook"")
Those who use leaves should pick the leaves when they have first grown, those who use buds should pick them when they are first grown, and those who use flowers should pick them when they are mature.
("Collecting Herbs")
Another way to use "Zhe" is to put it after a word or a group of words to act as a reminder: first use "...Zhe" to put forward the thing to be explained, Pause briefly and then explain or conclude. For example:
During the Great Eunuch Rebellion, there were gentry people who could not change their ambitions. How many people could there be in such a big world? ("The Tombstone Story of Five People")
In ancient times, those who gave way to heaven were to go to the prison gate to support themselves and to leave the labor of the officials and captives. ("Five Beetles")
"Zhe" is sometimes placed after the time word to serve as a language aid and does not need to be translated. For example:
Today, Xiang Zhuang draws his sword and dances, and his intention is always with Pei Gong. ("Hongmen Banquet")
"Zhe" is sometimes placed after the numeral and can be translated as "piece", "kind", etc. Such as:
These numbers are the dangers of using troops, and they are all done recklessly.
("Battle of Red Cliff")