problem description:
urgent need, thank you! ! !
Analysis:
william shakespeare (1564-1616) was the most important writer in Britain and Europe during the Renaissance. He was born into a merchant family in Stratford, central England. When I was a teenager, I received basic education in the local grammar school, studied Latin, philosophy and history, and was exposed to the works of ancient Roman playwrights. Later, he dropped out of school to make a living because of his family's decline. When Shakespeare was young, famous troupes often toured the countryside, which cultivated his interest in drama. Around 1585, he left his hometown and went to London. He first worked as a handyman in the theater, then became an actor, and then adapted and wrote plays. Shakespeare not only participated in performances and screenwriters, but also had extensive contacts with society, and often went to court or came to the countryside with the troupe. These experiences broadened his horizons and laid the foundation for his creation.
159-16 was the early period of Shakespeare's creation, also known as the period of historical drama and comedy. During this period, Shakespeare's humanistic thought and artistic style gradually formed. At that time, Britain was in the heyday of Queen Elizabeth's rule, with stable and unified kingship and prosperous economy. Shakespeare is full of confidence in realizing humanistic ideals in the real society, and his works are full of optimism and clarity. During this period, he wrote nine historical plays, including Richard III (1592), Henry IV (two episodes) (1597-1598) and Henry V (1599). The basic theme of the script is to support the central kingship, condemn the feudal tyrant and praise the enlightened monarch. For example, "Henry IV" shows the picture of the turbulent domestic situation. The nobles unite to rebel against the king, but the rebellion is finally quelled; The prince lived a dissolute life earlier, but later he made mistakes and made great achievements in quelling civil strife. In the play, historical facts and artistic fiction are highly unified. Falstaff is the most vivid among the characters. He is selfish, lazy and timid, but he is alert, smart and optimistic, which makes people laugh.
The comedies created in this period include the poetic A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596), The Merchant of Venice (1597), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1598), which reflects the customs of citizens' lives, Much ado about nothing (1599), which advocates chastity and love, and The Twelfth, which praises love and explores human nature. The basic themes of these plays are love, marriage and friendship, which are full of expressive colors and show Shakespeare's ideal of humanistic life. At the same time, he also wrote three tragedies, such as Romeo and Juliet (1595). Although the works have a sad side, the basic spirit is the same as that of comedy. Shakespeare also wrote the long poems Venus and adonis (1592-1593), The Disgrace of Lucretius (1593-1594) and 154 sonnets.
In the early 17th century, when the regime of Queen Elizabeth and James I changed, social contradictions in Britain intensified and social ugliness became increasingly exposed. During this period, Shakespeare's thought and art became mature, and the humanistic ideal collided fiercely with social reality. He felt that his ideal was difficult to realize, and his creation changed from praising humanistic ideal in the early days to exposing and criticizing social darkness. The second period of Shakespeare's creation (161-167) is also called the tragic period. He wrote such famous tragedies as Hamlet (161), Othello (164), King Lear (166), Macbeth (166) and Timon of Athens (167). In Othello, Desdemona, who was born in a noble family, ignored the opposition of her father and society, and married Othello the moor privately, which showed the theme of opposing racial prejudice. The reason for their tragedy was not only Othello's jealousy, but also the powerful evil forces represented by Iago. Othello's sobriety before his death contains the victory of human reason. King Lear shows a disintegrated society. King Lear paid the price of his life because of his stubbornness, and also brought great disasters to the country and people. The protagonist has changed from a feudal monarch with absolute authority to a homeless old man with nothing, and the fate and personality of the characters have changed greatly, which is the most distinctive in Shakespeare's works. In Macbeth, a hero became a personal careerist and tyrant because of his inner ambition and external instigation. Its tragic significance lies in that personal ambition and egoism can destroy a character who is not evil. Generally speaking, these tragedies have deeply exposed the decay of feudal nobles, the appalling egoism, the evil of money relations and the sufferings of working people; Stylistically, the atmosphere of romance and joy is reduced, the mood of melancholy and indignation is increased, the image is fuller and the language is more proficient.
after 168, Shakespeare entered the last period of his creation. At this time, Shakespeare saw that the ideal of humanism could not be realized in the real society, so he turned from writing tragedies to writing legendary dramas, from exposing and criticizing the darkness of the real society to writing dream worlds. Therefore, this period is also called Shakespeare's legendary drama period. During this period, his works often solved the contradiction between ideal and reality through mythical fantasy and supernatural power; The works are permeated with the spirit of forgiveness and reconciliation. There is no joy in the early stage and no gloom in the middle stage. Instead, they are full of beautiful life fantasies and rich romantic feelings. The Tempest (1611) best represents the style of this period and is called "a will written in poetry". In addition, he also wrote three legendary dramas, such as cymbeline and The Story of Winter, and the historical drama Henry VIII.
Shakespeare's works, starting from the truth of life, profoundly reflect the features of the times and social essence. In his view, drama "seems to give nature a mirror: show virtue its own face, show absurdity its own posture, and show the times and society its own image and imprint". Marx and Engels praised Shakespeare as a classic writer of realism, and proposed that drama creation should be more "Shakespearean". This is a creative principle put forward in view of the shortcomings of "turning the individual into a simple mouthpiece of the spirit of the times" in drama creation. The so-called "Shakespearization" means that the writer, like Shakespeare, is good at starting from the truth of life, showing a broad social background and providing a typical environment with the characteristics of the times for the characters and events in his works; The plot of the work should be vivid and rich, and the characters should have distinct personality and typical significance; The realistic depiction and romantic atmosphere in the works should be skillfully combined; Language should be rich and expressive; The writer's tendency should be hidden and naturally revealed in the plot and the description of the characters.