Wu Cheng'en's the Monkey King is different. Jia Baoyu is an ordinary rich and idle person. "In an age without heroes/I just want to be an ordinary person" (North Island Poetry). He is not keen on fame, but he likes reading casual books such as The West Chamber, improvising poems, writing couplets and eulogies. Jia Baoyu is a sentimental monk. He should be a kind-hearted person first. "If the HarmonyOS system is open, who will be sympathetic?" After his ideals, love and affection were shattered, he became a monk again and returned to his hometown. Therefore, The Story of the Stone is also called The Record of Love Monks. The psychic Baoyu that Jia Baoyu wears is his soul-the lifeblood. But he doesn't cherish it, and he often throws jade, which shows that he gives up on himself. "There is no material to make up the sky." He also published the theory that a man's dirty daughter is pure, respecting and worshiping intellectual women and unconsciously hurting women. For example, Jin Chuaner committed suicide by jumping into a well because of him. Jia Baoyu can't get rid of the dirty secular environment, which makes the psychic Baoyu stained with dirt, and he can't resist the frame-up of the devil (Zhao Aunt, Jia Huan, Ma Daopo and other villains). In the eyes of ordinary people, Jia Baoyu is an eccentric: "Looking for sorrow and hatred for no reason, sometimes it seems crazy."
Don't you know that Jia Baoyu is a rebel who dares to fight against feudal ethics and hierarchy? He disdained interacting with bureaucrats like Jia Yucun, and Jiang Yuhan, an actor despised by literati, became his friend. Jia Baoyu still has good quality, which is very different from his cousin Xue Pan in menstruation. Compared with the Monkey King, Jia Baoyu created by Cao Xueqin is more abundant. I heard that there is a kind of stone that can sing beautiful songs. & lt2R。 irq
"Is it true?" I asked grandma. ; /v |
Grandma just smiled without saying a word. Is she asking me to find out for myself? hello
Yes, she must have let me find it myself. fY({\Swvj
I set foot on the road to find singing stones. ，r(e & gt； `
I asked a lot of people, and they all told me: there is no singing stone in this world, silly child. yMU9E)
But I've been looking for it. 0DPS0m "
One day, I met a stonemason, and I asked him, are there any singing stones in this world? om[ }=m
The mason just smiled and said nothing, just like my old and kind grandmother. $KwKf5Z
So, I stayed with masons and learned the craft of making stone tools. V2 Oj 6
Many years passed, and he said to me, "You have learned all my skills now. You can go now. " @ & lt& amp@4iUC
So I set foot on the road again u-kjr m
One day, I met a musician and I asked him, is there a singing stone in this world? b JP3]
The musician just smiled and said nothing, just like my old and kind grandmother. ＄ZL 1(JE
So, I stayed to learn singing and composition from musicians. ` q/k'f ~H
Many years passed, and he said to me, "I have taught you everything I can." You can go now. " A*5c^mNGG
I didn't continue to wander, I returned to my hometown. ? jT*J{9，3 & lt； Br> I made a beautiful musical instrument out of stone and put it on the top of the mountain. `; @ 4ja 'da & ltbr & gt Whenever the wind blows, the stone musical instruments sing beautiful songs. a } " Aguq+& gt；
I sat by and listened for a thousand years and turned myself into a stone. g @ O ' 8 a5
Ten thousand years later, a girl and her grandmother passed by. 9l & lt. 5K
The little girl pointed to me and said that she was a stone that could tell stories. e"8V:P/]dL
So, I moved my tongue, which had been silent for eleven thousand years, and told the little girl the story about the stone. Aesthetic value is the degree to which the aesthetic object meets the requirements of the aesthetic subject, and it is the aesthetic evaluation made by the subject. "All artificially created objects have certain artistry, especially with people's development of natural aesthetics, some non-artificial things also have artistic effects, such as Shilin, Guilin landscape, Huangshan and Zhangjiajie's Qifeng rocks. Throughout the ancient literary works, whether poetry or novels, masterpieces or general literary works, most of them are closely related to the image of "stone". If we study it carefully, we can explore the author's real intention in writing The Stone, and discover the * * * essence of man and stone, as well as the "stone" spirit possessed by human beings. This paper discusses the aesthetic angle of literary works and the image of "stone".
The opening poem in A Dream of Red Mansions is related to stones. There are more than 200 poems and songs in A Dream of Red Mansions, the first of which is Song of Stone. He said: "It will take many years to make up for the sky and waste time in the world of mortals. This department is behind us, who will remember to make a strange biography? " Regarding the writing of A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin has a few words, that is, "a unique topic", which ranks second in the whole book's lyrics and songs, followed by "The Story of the Stone": "The paper is full of absurd words and bitter tears, and the author of Dou Yun is stupid. Who can explain the taste? " It is not difficult to speculate that Cao Xueqin put the Book of Poetry at the top of the book, which is obviously insightful. As for where the smell is, he can let go. But one thing is certain, the beginning of this work that Cao Xueqin spent half his life working hard is undoubtedly carefully designed and scrutinized. Considering the nickname "stone", there is enough reason to believe this. The object of natural aesthetics is natural scenery without value purpose, and artistic aesthetics must combine "natural scenery" with what is written in literary and artistic works to have aesthetic value.
The Journey to the West's fairy tales are also closely related to stones. Let's take a look at The Journey to the West, a mythical novel written two centuries before A Dream of Red Mansions. Coincidentally, the word "stone" appeared in the book for the first time: "There is a fairy stone (on the Ole Guo Hua, it rises to China). Its stones are three feet six feet five inches high and two feet four feet round. Three feet six feet five inches high, showing 365 degrees on Sunday; Two feet and four feet in circles, according to the political calendar. There are nine holes and eight holes in the table. Press jiugong gossip. There are no trees to shade all around, and there are orchids around. Since Gai opened, every time he showed his innocence, it was sunny and felt for a long time, so he was well informed. " As a result, a monkey, the Monkey King, emerged from a crack in the stone, and a series of stories followed. When aesthetic consciousness is projected on an object, the object and consciousness are in tune and become the symbol of consciousness, and natural objects will have aesthetic value to people.
The novel Water Margin, which reflects the peasant uprising, is also related to stones. When we look back about 200 years in the long river of China's classical novels and look at the beginning of Water Margin, we will be a little surprised-it's actually another stone! "Zhang Tianshi prayed for the plague, and Hong Taiwei took the evil path by mistake" (Note: this passage was first written in the Hall of Tolerance; Take seventy chapters of Hua Guan Tang Bai Hui as a wedge. This article does not involve textual research, but only talks about the plot, which can be said from both. It reads: (Hong Xin swam to the magic temple, forcibly opened the door of the temple, and saw a stone tablet with the words "open when it meets water" written on it, so he didn't listen to the advice of the real person and decided to dig the stone. ) Let's put down the stone tablet and dig together. It took us a long time to dig. Dig down again, about three or four feet deep, and see a big blue slate, which may be surrounded by the abbot. Qiu Hong asked to dig again. The real person complained again: "Stop digging!" That sounds so comforting. They had to nail the slate together, but when they looked at it, there was a grave thousands of feet deep under it. I saw a loud scratching sound in the cave ... the sound of the earth shaking was very loud, and I saw a black gas rolling up from the cave, which collapsed half of the temple corner. That mass of black gas rushed straight for a long time, scattered into hundreds of golden lights in the air, looking around ... These hundreds of golden lights were the heroes who later "ran across the river" and "turned to ten counties".
Jin Shengtan once pointed out brilliantly: "A big book will be written by 70 chapters by 180 people. But if you open a book without writing 180 people, but write Gao Qiu first, and you don't write Gao Qiu, just write 180 people, which will be chaotic. One hundred and eighty people will be in chaos if they don't write Gao Qiu first. " However, it may be inconvenient for Jin Shengtan to say that the so-called "Shang" can't reach Gao Qiu. If you read the book, it is obvious that the real "business" is the "emperor", that is, the gentleman, and in the book, as the representative of Zhao Daguan, both inside and outside the government, are the organizers of the "top-down chaos".
Obviously, judging from the novel style, the story of Water Margin is also built on a stone. This established text, whether it is 120 times, 100 times or 70 times, provides a very simple inference-if Hong Taiwei doesn't have to tear down the stone tablet and lift the slate, 108 heroes will be crushed under the Five Elements Mountain like Monkey Sun, and it is difficult to have a bright future. Similarly, as far as the plot development of the novel itself is concerned, there is no psychic Baoyu without the hard stone under the green ridge peak; Without that stubborn stone on Guo Hua Mountain, there would be no later the Monkey King the Monkey King. However, we know that novels are all fiction. The so-called stone, the stone that fills the sky under the green ridge peak, and the stone that gets the essence of the sun and the moon on the Guo Hua are all fabricated by writers out of thin air. Then, the question is, is the novel world separated by two centuries based on the Story of the Stone? Another problem is A Dream of Red Mansions, which is quite poetic. Why did you catch a Stone that didn't attract tourists at all? It can be seen that natural objects themselves have no aesthetic connotation and life significance. Only by humanizing things through the aesthetic consciousness of aesthetic subjects can stones have their aesthetic value.
The long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms is also related to the image of stones. The Journey to the West, A Dream of Red Mansions and Water Margin are generally regarded as masterpieces of China's classical novels. Of course, there is the Romance of the Three Kingdoms-the Romance of the Three Kingdoms didn't write stones at the beginning, but it gave us some clues to understand stones.
Please see the frontispiece Linjiang Fairy:
The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. Castle Peak still exists, the sun still rises and the sunset still sets.
Fishing on the white-haired river, accustomed to watching the autumn moon spring breeze, a pot of turbid water sprinkled happy to meet. How many things in the past and how many times have been put into the conversation.
The upper and lower pieces, winding and singing three sighs, all say the same thing. Although the personnel are short, the mountains and rivers are eternal-this so-called mountains and rivers are nature.
The ancients had very limited knowledge of nature. In their minds, everything in nature is so unfathomable and difficult to understand. Because of this, they are in awe of nature and try their best to explore its mysteries. Unfortunately, the lack of scientific theory has forced this discussion to go to the idealistic side, so in the eyes of the ancients, everything in nature has the mysterious meaning of "corresponding to and interpreting the vicissitudes of personnel."
Writers pay attention to people's fate and the trajectory of social development and change, and people's fate is always closely related to social development and change. Ancient writers clearly realized this point, that is, "man" does not exist independently, and man is subject to society. If you want to gain insight into life, you must understand society. But as far as every writer (let's just refer to Cao, Shi, Luo, Wu and others here) is concerned, the law of social development and change seems to reflect only four words-regime change. On this basis, the ups and downs of various people are derived.
On the one hand, society is changing, which is vividly described in Song of Goodness. On the other hand, from any historical perspective, it is stable. There are always some successful people and some frustrated people. This contradiction between change and stability can't help but make writers feel at a loss. After thinking hard, they can only draw a conclusion-the green hills are still there, and the sunset glow is red several times. "Castle Peak is still there" remains unchanged, while "Sunset" remains unchanged. To be more specific, we need the first sentence of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "The general trend of the world will be combined for a long time, and it will be combined for a long time." Looking back at the stone that appeared at the beginning of A Dream of Red Mansions, Water Margin and The Journey to the West, it is not difficult to understand that it is a symbol with strong metaphorical significance.
What is metaphor? Answer: "It seems that the law of social development can be broken by Lin Xianjiang at the beginning of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms." The green hills are still there, and the sunset is red. "The world and life are the same.
Generally speaking, "the green hills are still there" is the foundation and the premise. China is a mountainous country, and the history of the Chinese nation is inextricably linked with many famous mountains in China. The "Five Mountains" of Thailand, China, Heng, Heng and Song, and the "Four Famous Mountains" of Emei, Jiuhua, Putuo and Wutai all have unnatural and supernatural significance in the consciousness of China people. They are mysterious and great. Indeed, in the eyes of the ancients, it is difficult to find anything harder and stronger than rocks. They are all like this. They don't know where these big stones come from, and they can't imagine that these big stones may disappear after hundreds of millions of years. Therefore, it is natural that rocks are regarded as a symbol of eternity. Please read Yuefu folk song Shang Xie: Shang Xie! I want to know you and live a long life. There is no mausoleum in the mountains, the river is exhausted, there is Lei Zhen in winter, and there is rain and snow in summer. Only when heaven and earth are in harmony can we dare to be with you!
A poem can't be read with a rubber column, but here, in order to explain its meaning, we might as well explain it bluntly. As far as modern people's knowledge is concerned, abnormal changes such as mountains without tombs, rivers exhausted, winter thunder and Xia Xue are all possible, which seems to be insufficient to make an oath. But in the eyes of people two thousand years ago, these things were absolutely impossible. There is no mausoleum in the mountains-the sum of heaven and earth can be read as "water is always incompetent", which shows that the eternity of rocks is a deep-rooted concept in the minds of the Chinese nation, and the worship of rocks in folk culture is also formed. In this way, we can see that the epistemology of ancient writers in China boils down to one sentence, or go back to The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "The green hills are still there, and the sunset glow is red several times".
Whether in A Dream of Red Mansions, The Water Margin or The Journey to the West, this epistemology of unity of opposites has a distinct embodiment. The world seems to be hard to change, and fate seems to be hard to control, but Baoyu, the Monkey King and Liangshan heroes all tried their best to change.
A good work of art always needs a good start. Similar descriptions of "stone" in A Dream of Red Mansions, The Journey to the West and Water Margin often remind us of the famous motivation of Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny. When we read several famous classical novels by China, we can clearly hear the knocking sound of fate from time to time.
It can be seen that the stone, a natural thing, has eternal artistic value because it is created by the aesthetic consciousness of the author and readers.