This group of poems "Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity" combines the gloomy autumn colors and sad autumn sounds of Kuizhou, the bitter situation of old age and illness, the deep affection for the destiny of the country, the tragic desolation and the profound artistic conception. It is a group of seven-character poems with eight consecutive sentences, which is closely structured and lyrical, and embodies the poet's thoughts, feelings and artistic achievements in his later years.
The topic of "autumn glory" means being excited by autumn. This prosperity is the so-called "prosperity" of "Fu Bi" in the Book of Songs, which was said by Han Confucian scholars in the past. In Jin Dynasty, Pan Yue wrote "Autumn Prosperity Fu", which is also a work of feeling autumn prosperity. However, the genre of Qiu Xing Fu belongs to Ci Fu. Du Fu's Eight Poems in Autumn is a rhythmic poem and a new poetic style in Tang Dynasty. As far as its creative achievements and influence on later generations are concerned, Du Fu's Eight Poems in Autumn is certainly not as good as Pan Yue's Eight Poems in Autumn.
The structure of Eight Poems in Autumn can be divided into two parts, with the fourth poem as the transition. The first three songs are detailed in Kuizhou, slightly in Chang 'an, and the last five songs are detailed in Chang 'an, slightly in Kuizhou; The first three songs are about Kuizhou Changan, and the last five songs are about Kuizhou Changan. The first three songs evoke memories from reality, and the last five songs return to reality from memories. As for the first song, which is also the beginning and end of the film, I can't move for a certain time. Eight songs are like one. Eight poems, well-organized, well-organized, should not be opened, should not be reversed.
On the whole, judging from Kuizhou, where the poet lived, he was associated with Chang 'an. Wandering from the old days to the river, facing the gloomy scenery, lamenting the rise and fall of the country and personal experience; Based on the recollection of Chang 'an's victory in the prosperous times, it comes down to the poet's lonely situation in reality and the sadness of comparison between the past and the present. This kind of worry can not be regarded as an accidental trigger of Du Fu, but a concentrated expression of his concern for the country, the people and the country since the chaos. Seeing that the country is ruined, but unable to make a difference, the poet can't bear to say it clearly, nor can he say it all. That's why he looked at Chang 'an and wrote Chang 'an, lamenting tactfully and repeatedly.
In Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Du Fu not only used strong contrast techniques, but also repeatedly used the technique of cyclic lyricism to bring readers into the realm of poetry. The outline of the poem is "Looking at Chang 'an from Kuifu"-"Looking at China from Beidou". The fulcrum of poetry is "Qujiangtou at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, and Wan Lifeng meets Su Qiu in smoke". It's a long way from the mouth of Qutang Gorge to the source of Qujiang. In the poem, the word "Jie" is used to interweave all kinds of complex feelings of visiting Shuwangjing, remembering the past and worrying about the country and the people into a profound and magnificent artistic realm.
The harmony and unity of scenes is an extremely important aspect in lyric poetry. Eight Poems in Autumn is an excellent example. For example, "the waves between the river and the sky are rough, and the clouds cover the fog." The waves are rough, as if the sky is also turning; Wushan Fengyun, down to the ground, seems to be connected with underground Yin Qi. The former sentence is from bottom to top, and the latter sentence is connected from top to bottom. The waves are monstrous, the clouds are filled, and the breath of Xiao Sen permeates the Wushan martial arts in autumn.
We think these two sentences are powerful in image, rich in content and broad in artistic conception. The poet does not simply reproduce what he has seen and heard, nor does he simply describe the appearance of the rushing rivers, clouds and the Three Gorges in late autumn. The poet grasped their inner spirit and endowed rivers and clouds with certain characteristics.
This is a traffic jam between heaven and earth and between rivers, full of waves and turbulence. Depression is gloomy and dark. This vividly shows the poet's extreme anxiety, ups and downs of anxiety and the injustice in Yu Bo's chest, and also symbolizes the bleak world and the restless future. The two poems include the late autumn in the canyon, the poet's personal life experience and the chaos of the country.
This kind not only captures the characteristics of the scenery, but also incorporates the deepest feelings in his own life experience. It is expressed in the most vivid and summarized language, which makes the scenery alive and the feelings that the author tries to express are beautiful. Love is due to the scene, and the scene is due to the deep feelings. The language is simple and complex, and the artistic conception is gloomy and open (meaning not cramped or narrow).
Su Dongpo once said: "Poetry must be this poem, and you must know that you are not a poet" ("Two Paintings in the Master Book of King Yanling"), which is really knowledgeable and experienced. Some people think that after Du Fu entered Shu, poetry no longer had the magnificent and intense feelings of the previous period. In fact, poets in this period were not depressed, but their life circumstances were different and their thoughts and feelings were more complicated and profound. In terms of artistic expression, after long-term life training and accumulation of creative experience, it has been further improved or enriched compared with the previous period, with Eight Poems in Autumn as evidence.
Extended data:
Eight Poems of Qiu Xing
one
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
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The cold dew withered the maple forest, and the weather in Wushan Wuxia was bleak and gloomy.
The waves between the rivers are surging in the sky, and the clouds in the traffic jam are gloomy.
Cong Ju shed tears twice, and the boat was tied to the river bank like missing her hometown.
Every family is making cold clothes with a knife ruler, and the anvil sound of smashing clothes at night comes from the height of Baidicheng.
Secondly,
The ancient city of Kuifu has an oblique sunset, and it always relies on Beidou Wangjing Hua.
Listen to the ape shed three tears, and let Xu follow August.
Draw an incense burner and lean on a pillow, and the mountain floor hides sorrow.
Look at the vines on the stone, which have reflected the flowers in front of the continent.
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In Kuizhou City, where the sunset is falling, the Big Dipper in the sky is often used to look at Beijing from afar.
Listen to the apes cry three times, and I will accompany you in August for nothing.
I was not infected by incense in Shangshu Province, and I could only hear the singing of the mountain city whitewashed wall in the twilight.
Look at the moonlight of vines hanging on rocks, which has been reflected on the reeds in front of the mainland.
third
Chung Shan Man is here, Claire Kuo, and every day, Jiang Lou sits in the green.
The fisherman in the lodge is still ordinary, and the swallow flies in the clear autumn.
Kuang Heng's resistance to fame and fortune is weak, and Liu Xiangchuan's heart has been violated.
Students and teenagers are not cheap, and the five tombs are light and fat.
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The mountain city of thousands of families faces Zhao Hui quietly, and faces the green mountains at the bottom of the river every day.
Fishermen often set up boats in the river, and swallows are flying up and down in the clear autumn.
Learning from Kuang Heng's advice leads to a bad reputation, and teaching and educating people like Liu Xiang is also counterproductive.
The former classmates are also out of poverty and share wealth with Chang' an.
Fourth.
It is said that if Chang 'an plays chess, the world will be sad for a hundred years.
The houses of princes have all changed their owners, and the clothes of civil servants and military commanders are not the same as in the past.
Straight north Guanshan golden drum vibration, levy west chariots and horses feather book chi.
The fish and dragons are lonely, and the autumn is cold, so the country is peaceful and thoughtful.
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It is said that the political situation in Chang 'an is really like playing chess. A century of events is really unbearable.
All the princes' Zhumenjia Imperial Capital changed their masters, and all the civil servants and military commanders in the imperial court changed.
The golden drum in Guanshan, due north, was deafening, and the western troops were in an emergency.
Ichthyosaurs are so lonely that the rivers in autumn are cold. The quiet life in Chang 'an in those days is still worth thinking about.
Fifth.
Penglai Palace Que faces Nanshan, with dewdrops between golden stems and Korean smiles.
Looking at Yaochi in the west and the Empress Dowager in the east, there are many kinds of customs.
Clouds move to Gongshan, and the sun goes around Longlin to know the holy face.
A man lying by the Cangjiang River surprised me at the end of the year and went to Qingsuo for classes several times.
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Penglai Palace Que faces the South Mountain, with exposed copper columns soaring into the sky.
Looking at Yaochi in the west, there is the lower bound of the Empress Dowager, and there is a purple gas irrigation letter valley pass in the east.
The ground is the pheasant tail palace mountain, and the emperor's face can be seen when the sun shines on the dragon robe.
It's too late to be ill by the river. I recall entering the Qing Dynasty and locking the door several times.
Sixth.
Qutang Xiakou Qujiang Tou, Wan Lifeng smoke meets Su Qiu.
Calyx clamped the city to control the air, and Furong Xiao Yuan entered the customs.
Pearl curtain embroidered column encircles oriole, and brocade rope tooth wall rises from Bai Ou.
Looking back at the difference between song and dance venues, Qin Zhong has been a country of emperors since ancient times.
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From the mouth of Qutang Gorge to the source of Qujiang, it is autumn in Wan Li.
At that time, it was possible to cross Jiacheng from Calyx Building, but now the Lotus Garden has been shrouded in troubles at the border.
Pearl curtain embroidered columns surround the oriole, and the brocade rope white mast surprised Bai Ou.
Looking back on the most unforgettable place of singing and dancing, after all, Qin Zhong has been a state of emperors since ancient times.
Seventh.
Kunming Chishui Han Shigong was a target in the eyes of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Jathyapple weaver silk empty, autumn wind stone whale scales move.
The waves are floating, the rice is dark, and the lotus room is pink.
There are only birds in the sky, and the rivers and lakes are full of fishermen.
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The excavation of Kunming Pool is the credit of Han people, and the level of Emperor Wu seems to be in his eyes.
In the moonlight, I seem to see the silk of the weaver girl, and in the autumn wind, I seem to see the swing of the stone whale.
Floating rice is like a black cloud, and the lotus room is covered with powder.
The Guansai skyscraper only passes through the Bird Path. I am a fisherman wandering around the rivers and lakes.
Eighth.
Kunwu's imperial house is winding, and the sub-grid is cloudy.
The fragrant rice pecked at the parrot's grain, and the branches of the old phoenix perched in Wu Bi.
Beauty meets Cui Chun and asks questions, while the fairy couple moves late in the same boat.
The crayons used to dry up, and the white heads sang softly.
Eighth.
Kunwu Yusuchuan twists and turns, and the peak shadow of Zige is reflected in the pond.
Here is the fragrant rice pecked by the parrot, and here is the Wu Bi branch where the phoenix lives.
The beautiful woman traveled in the spring to meet Cui Yu and ask each other questions, but the fairy couple didn't want to leave when they were moving in the same boat.
My crayons were dry in those days, and now I can only bow my head bitterly.
References:
Eight Poems by Qiu Xing-Baidu Encyclopedia