What are the characteristics of literature in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?

From the literary theories and literary criticism works in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, we can see a new literary trend of thought, which is to distinguish literature from scholarship, and then explore the characteristics of literature, the classification of literature itself, the law of literary creation and the value of literature. Confucian poetry in the Han Dynasty is dominant, emphasizing the relationship between poetry and political education. Poetry is regarded as a tool for "being a wife, filial piety, love, educating beauty and changing customs" (Preface to Poetry). As for the characteristics and laws of poetry itself, it has not attracted due attention. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, poetics got rid of the shackles of Confucian classics, and the direction of the whole literary trend of thought was to get rid of the need of political education emphasized by Confucianism and find the significance of independent existence of literature. At this time, some brand-new concepts and theories are put forward, such as style, verve, image, the relationship between words and meaning, and the relationship between form and spirit. , formed the aesthetic thought of emphasizing image, style and charm. Poetry seeks meaning, pleasure seeks meaning, and painting seeks interest outside the image. This conscious aesthetic pursuit of communication among various literary forms marks the arrival of a new literary era. The literary creation of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was carried out under the influence of this new literary trend of thought, which also provided a practical basis for this literary trend of thought. A remarkable feature of literary creation in this period is that the demand for serving political education has weakened, and literature has become a personal behavior, expressing personal life experiences and emotions. It is a very representative change from the big fu in Han Dynasty to the small lyric fu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Five-character ancient poems flourished in the late Han Dynasty, and the literati's personal lyric work Nineteen Ancient Poems was regarded as a standard by later generations. Since then, Cao Zhi, RoyceWong, Liu Zhen, Ruan Ji, Lu Ji, Zuo Si, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao, Xie Tiao and Yu Xin have all embarked on the road of personal lyricism, and their creations are also personal behaviors. Some of these political lyric poems express grievances in political life and have no purpose of political education. As for Liang Chengong's poems, although they were written by court literati, they were only used for court entertainment. The direction of the poet's efforts lies in the formal beauty of poetry, that is, language skills such as temperament, duality and practicality, as well as the perfection of meter. It is under this trend that China's ancient poems have been perfected, and new poems have been formed, which has prepared for the emergence of modern poems in all aspects. It is on this basis that Tang poetry reached its peak.