2. The first half of the poem describes the scene of "night outing". Close-up: the breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-mast boat is moored alone on the moonlit night. At that time, Du Fu was forced to leave Chengdu. In the first month of 765 A.D., he resigned from our post, and in April, his good friend Yanwu died. In this remote place, I decided to leave East Sichuan. Therefore, this is not a vague description of the scenery, but a feeling of the scenery. Through the description of the scenery, his situation and feelings are expressed: small as grass on the river bank and lonely as a boat in the river. The third and fourth sentences write a vision: the stars are low and Ye Ping is vast; The moon surges with the waves, and the river flows eastward. These two sentences are magnificent, profound and have always been praised. Some people think that the poet's feelings in these two landscape poems are "broad-minded" (Pu Yin Long's Reading), while others think that he wrote "happy" feelings (see Five Laws of Du Fu, a Collection of Tang Poems). This poem is about the tragic situation of the poet wandering in his later years. The above two explanations only emphasize the literal meaning of the poem. In fact, the poet wrote about the vast Ye Ping, the mighty rivers and the splendid stars and moons just to reflect his lonely image and his sad mood. This technique of writing sadness with joy is often used in classical works. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei": "I was not there in the past, Liu Yiyi." It is very touching to set off the sadness of the soldiers who went to war with the beautiful scenery of spring.
3. The second half of the poem is "book bosom". The fifth and sixth sentences say, "I'm a bit famous. Where is it because my article is good? You should retire as an official because you are old and sick. " This is irony, and this idea is implicit. The poet has great political ambitions, but he has been suppressed for a long time and cannot display them. They can "write" (poems), but at that time, people won't be famous for their good articles. I became a small official, but I had to retire. Du Fu was really old and sick at this time, but his retirement was mainly due to being excluded, not being old and sick. This shows the injustice in the poet's mind and reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering loneliness. Regarding the meaning of this couplet, it is not appropriate to say that it is "the language of self-blame" ("Du Shi Shuo") and Qiu said that "five belong to self-modesty, and six belong to self-interpretation" ("Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection"). The last two sentences say, "You look like you're floating all over? Just like Europe in "The Universe". " Considering the situation at that time, the poet expressed his sadness. The water and sky are vast, and Sha Ou falls; People, like Sha Ou, move in the rivers and lakes. This couplet is lyrical, touching and touching.
4. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Although the scene is divided, the scene is full of emotions, and the emotions are born, and each hides its own home." Scenery, Tibet and mutual residence, that is, feelings in the scene, feelings in the scene. The former writes scenes suitable for expressing the poet's feelings, so that the feelings are hidden in the scenery; The latter does not write in abstraction, but hides the scenery in writing. Du Fu's poem "A Night Outside" is an example of the coexistence of scenery and houses in classical poetry.
5. The loneliness of wandering and being helpless is the evaluation of society. At that time, there was no other place to live in the imperial city, but Yanwu was forced to leave because no one valued him and there was no other Bole. What kind of helplessness it is. In this way, the whole poem also highlights the corruption of imperial politics at that time, as well as the resentment and helplessness of one's inner talents.