Literature belongs to one of the humanities, and keeps pace with philosophy, religion, law and politics at the top of the social structure. It originated from human thinking activities. Oral literature first appeared, usually combined with music to form lyric poems that can be sung. The earliest written documents are China's The Book of Songs, Indian Ramayana and ancient Greek Ilion Ji.
China's works written in words in the pre-Qin period were collectively referred to as literature, and literary works were listed separately only after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The classification of European traditional literature theory divides literature into three categories: poetry, prose and drama. Modern literature is usually divided into four categories: poetry, novel, prose and drama.
Literature is the art of language, an important embodiment of social culture and beauty. Literary works are works that writers express their unique spiritual world with unique language art. Without these two unique characteristics, there would be no real literary works.
An outstanding writer is a hero in the spiritual world of a nation. Literature represents the art and wisdom of a nation. Literature is a subject that expresses social life and psychological activities in words, and belongs to the category of social ideology.
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The development of network literature has given literature a new definition. Recently, the winning works of the 9th Mao Dun Literature Prize were born, and many people were attracted by this quadrennial literary festival. At this time, online literature, which has been flourishing in the Internet age, seems to be somewhat dejected. Because online literary works have not won the Mao Dun Award since 20 1 1 the 8th Mao Dun Literature Award allowed them to participate in the awards.
However, regarding online literature, the reporter of Workers Daily recently noticed two completely different news. One is that the online literary work "Tomb Raiding Notes", which has attracted much attention, finally has a happy ending, and this news immediately boarded the online hot search list. At the same time, the filming of the film "Tomb Raider Notes" has also been confirmed.
One is Flowers in Shanghai, which won the 9th Mao Dun Literature Prize. Its author Jin Yucheng said that the first draft of this book was completed on a website called "Lane Network". Although this can't prove that Flowers Bloom in Shanghai is an online literary work, his creative process of "from network to reader" reflects the further influence of the Internet era on original literature.
On the one hand, it is a fast-food entertainment mode that caters to the market demand, and on the other hand, it is based on the requirements of carefully crafted literature majors. What will happen between online literature driven by economic interests such as film and television, network and animation and the requirements of traditional literature for literary literacy?
Jin Yucheng also wrote in "I Write: From Network to Readers" that the advantage of network serialization is that it can be encouraged by readers continuously. This seems to be an affirmation and encouragement to online literature writing.
However, it is reported that with the online literature industry opening online novels to many entertainment fields, such as movies, online games, animation and so on, and realizing the commercialization, standardization and productization of online literature industry, online literature has embarked on the road of industrialization, but it is also drifting away from the real literary writing, and its essence is to produce standardized products to meet market demand.
According to reports, since the Eighth Mao Dun Literature Award introduced the stipulation that "key literature websites with Internet publishing license" can only recommend works, online literature works are eager to try in this most important literary award in China. Chen Xiaoming, who has served as a judge of some online literature awards, said that online literature has its value, which meets the public's entertainment reading needs and is in line with business.
But if this kind of thing completely destroys the classics, it is unreasonable. Mao Dun Literature Award has opened the door to online literature, perhaps to attract more young people's attention and participation, but this is not necessary.
Even Dong Jiangbo, the founder of Banbianjiang Chinese Network, which started with online literature works, believes that online literature began to rise in 2003, and the Mao Dun Literature Award has a history of more than 30 years, and many things cannot be changed in the short term. But he believes that within 10 years, online literature will definitely win the Mao Dun Literature Prize.
Whether you can win the grand prize in 10 years is another story. However, at present, it seems that the news that the original TV series "China" is suspected of plagiarism has to be worrying. In this era of paying more attention to the literariness and originality of works, are online works reliable on the road of original literature?
It is not the first time that online literary works have been accused of plagiarism. Because of its fast, simple and timely dissemination, online literary works are easy to search with the help of network technology, and because of its strong reproducibility. Zhang Hongbo, director-general of China Copyright Association, also believes that the suspected plagiarism of online works reflects that the copyright awareness of online novelists needs to be improved.
In addition, compared with the profound ideological connotation of traditional literary works, online literary works often adopt more casual writing techniques; As far as stories are concerned, online literature pays more attention to the readability of stories, while traditional literature pays more attention to the inner meaning of stories.
Some experts believe that the network refuses to be deeply silent or pretends to be deeply silent. It is young and needs noise, agitation and passion, so the language of online literature prefers grandstanding. Known as 1998, the first online novel, The First Intimate Contact, can dance under this background.
If we say that traditional literary works are better because of their profound ideological and literary qualities in the selection of Mao Dun Literature Prize, then at the moment when literary works under the guidance of the Internet are adapted into film and television dramas, online literary works may have more advantages because of their novel content and strong readability.
According to reports, in recent years, films adapted from traditional literature have repeatedly suffered box office failures, such as "White Deer Plain" by Chen and "Massage" by Bi Feiyu, which won the Mao Dun Literature Award. But the TV screen presents a different picture. From "Palace Lock Heart Jade" and "Walking on Thin Ice", which define "Qing Palace Crossing Drama", to "Palace Empresses";
From Summer of Bubbles with the theme of urban pure love to Too Late to Say I Love You and Unintentional Magician in the background of the Republic of China; Even the family dramas Naked Marriage and legionary teleplay's I am a Special Force are adapted from online novels. Unconsciously, online novels have sprung up everywhere, occupying half of the TV screen. A large number of online novel fans have become the popularity guarantee of screenwriters.
After the development of online literature under the influence of the Internet, more and more writers and groups of writers began to pay attention to the development of online literature. Mo Yan, honorary president of China University of Online Literature, also admitted: "When online literature just developed, I didn't want to deal with it in my heart, but now online literature is an existence that can't be ignored."
The Forbes China Billboard of Original Literature released on August 6th shows that "through Forbes, the authoritative media platform, the dissemination of original literature has a brand that can be known and understood by more people, and the IP (intellectual property) value of listed works will further enhance the writer's popularity. The works and writers on the list will become the focus of readers, the public and downstream film and television, games and other manufacturers. "
It is reported that the thirst for IP has made online literature hot in recent years. Because using mature network IP to develop products can shorten the product cycle and introduce a large number of users of network literature. For example, in the game industry, 20 14 has entered the 100 billion market. Behind the high-intensity competition, the role of IP is prominent. It is reported that the download conversion rate of games with IP is 2.4 times that of games without IP.
Online literature readers and game users have a natural fit, and the high-quality online literature IP introduced by game companies are all top-ranked works, which means they have been recognized by the readers.
Internet literature IP has also entered a high price from a low price a few years ago. In 20 13 years, the popular novel IP, which was generally around10 million yuan, rose to 3 million yuan to 5 million yuan at the beginning of last year and climbed to10 million yuan this year.
Nowadays, online literature is not only limited to online text reading, but also gives birth to an industrial chain with full copyright operation. Take literature as the source, promote the polymorphic presentation of fine IP offline publishing, movies, games, animation, music, peripheral and other pan-entertainment fields, and maximize the market value of text reading.
The adaptation of online literature in the film and television industry has also entered a win-win situation in ratings and box office. Youth films adapted from online novels, such as To Youth, In a hurry that year, Left Ear, have all exceeded 100 million at the box office, which has increased the box office at a small cost and triggered the market's enthusiasm for network IP.
Among the most anticipated 10 TV series, Why, Flowers, Cyclone Girl and Mi Yue Legend are all born out of online novels, and their themes have developed from a flower in ancient costume to romance, Xian Xia and suspense.
According to incomplete statistics, at present, the number of contracted authors of online literature in China exceeds one million, and the number of works uploaded every year is close to one million. For example, many Chinese online collaboration platforms, such as Qidian and Tea Fiction Network, update as many as 1 100 million articles every day.
Faced with a huge base, the above-mentioned works that attract a lot of money are rare, which does not mean that all online literature can get results from IP value. When talking about how to become an excellent online writer, a professional online novel writer said that a solid writing foundation and rich imagination are necessary.
In addition, the observation and experience of ordinary people can also ensure that the details are described in place, and the writing volume of tens of thousands of words of an online novel needs enough time and energy to ensure. From this perspective, the literary quality of original works is the first in the era when online literature has fully entered the IP value.
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China Economic Net-A New Definition of the Development of Network Literature: Literariness or IP Value?