We all know that a sentence is composed of words or phrases, and is a language unit that has a certain intonation and expresses a complete meaning. At the same time, sentences can be divided into declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences according to their purpose and tone. Next, I will tell you about the "Chinese sentence component division" in detail, and provide an article "Chinese sentence component division lesson plan sample (junior high school)". I hope you can fully understand the Chinese sentence component division. This article is just for reference, more exciting content is there.
Teaching plan template for dividing Chinese sentence components (junior middle school)
Teaching objectives:
1. Be able to understand and grasp the meaning of sentences
2. Be able to master the various components of each sentence
3. Be able to learn how to divide the components of a sentence
Key and difficult points in teaching: Be able to learn how to divide the components of a sentence
Teaching Method: combination of lecture and practice
Class arrangement: two classes
Teaching process
1. Sentence components
(1) Overview of sentence components Talk
1. What are sentence components?
Sentence components are the components of a sentence, that is, the syntactic structure components of a single sentence. Because the difference between a phrase and a sentence is the presence or absence of intonation, when a phrase plus intonation becomes a sentence, the phrase components also become sentence components.
2. Two types of syntax analysis
There are two basic syntax analysis methods: sentence component analysis and direct component analysis.
The sentence component analysis method is also called the center word analysis method. This analysis method is divided into multiple parts, and the six sentence components of subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial and complement are separated on one plane. Among them, the subject and predicate (sometimes including the object) are the main components, and the others are additional components. The direct component analysis method, also called the analytic hierarchy process, believes that sentences are combined systematically and hierarchically. This method divides the syntactic structure into two parts, and the two analyzed parts are called direct components. Then it is divided into layers to reveal the hierarchical structure of sentences in language.
3. Overview of sentence components
The subject is the statement object, answering questions such as "who" and "what"; the predicate is the statement of the subject, answering "how", "how" For questions such as "what is" and "what to do", use || between the subject and predicate. The verb dominates and concerns the object, and the object is the object that is dominated and related. | is used between the verb and object. The central word is modified, restricted, The supplementary components include subject center, object center, predicate center, and verb center, which are represented by =, ~, and __ respectively.
Attributive is the component that modifies and limits the central phrase in the positive noun phrase, and is represented by ( ). Adverbials are components that modify and limit the central phrase in predicate partial phrases, and are represented by [ ].
The complement is the component that supplements the central phrase in the complement phrase, and is represented by < >.
(2) Subject
Predicate
1. The composition of the subject is often noun words, including nouns, pronouns, numerals, and overlapping Content words such as quantifiers, as well as noun phrases such as definite phrases, appositive phrases, and word phrases.
The location word at the beginning of the sentence may be the subject or the adverbial. The judgment criteria are:
(1) As the statement object, it is the subject; otherwise, it is the adverbial.
(2) What can be moved to the middle of the sentence is the adverbial, and what cannot be moved is the subject.
(3) Looking at the sentence type, the local word in the present sentence is the subject.
A subject-predicate phrase can also be the subject under certain conditions, and the conditions are the same as the conditions for predicate words to be the subject. Adverbs and prepositional phrases cannot be subjects.
2. The composition of predicates
Predicate words are often used as predicates, including verbs, adjectives, verb-object phrases, continuous predicate phrases, adverbial phrases, complement phrases, etc. Predicate phrase. The subject-predicate phrase acts as a predicate to form a subject-predicate sentence.
3. The meaning type of the subject
The meaning type of the sentence components is to look at the semantic relationship between the sentence components and perform semantic analysis, so that the meaning of the sentence can be better understood.
We mainly determine the subject based on the positional relationship, which is mainly divided into three types:
(1) Agent subject The agent subject is the sender of the predicate action and constitutes the "agent" - moving" relationship. Most subjects fall into this category.
(2) Subject of the object The subject of the object is the recipient of the predicate action, forming a "recipient-action" relationship. The sentence with the subject of the object is a passive sentence. The agent may or may not appear, and "being" may or may not be used.
(3) Non-giving subject
The non-giving subject is neither the sender nor the recipient of the action, but other semantic relations other than giving. the subject of. Divided into two categories: A. Non-action verbs are used in the predicate, such as "is, have, like", etc.; B. Action verbs are used in the predicate, but the subject indicates the object and place involved in the action.
(3) Object 1. The composition of the object The difference between the object and the subject mainly lies in the difference in position. For verbs, the subject is before the verb, while the object is after the verb. Most words that are subjects can be objects.
Noun words (same as subjects) often serve as objects. Predicate words can also be objects under certain conditions.
The object of a noun word is called a noun object, and the object of a predicate word is called a predicate object. The famous object is common, so we should focus on the predicate object. Nominal objects and predicate objects are selective for predicate verbs. Not all verbs can take noun objects or predicate objects.
The verbs that can take predicate objects are:
(1) The judgment word "is". You can bring either a guest by name or a guest by name.
(2) Psychological verbs. For example, "like, hope, think, feel, hate, love, hate, fear", etc., can have either a noun object or a predicate object.
(3) Perception verb. For example, "know, hear, feel, feel, understand, see", etc., can have both noun and predicate objects.
(4) A verb that expresses continuous action. For example, "begin, proceed, end" can generally only take the predicate object.
(5) A verb expressing the meaning of treating and processing. For example, "to add, to give, to give, to give, enough, difficult, to be able to", etc., can only take the predicate object.
(6) "Yu" type verbs. For example, "courage, dare, be good at, easy", etc., can only take the predicate object.
2. The meaning type of the object
The meaning type of the object is the same as the meaning type of the subject, but the common meaning type of the subject is the agent subject, while the common meaning type of the object is the object Object of matter. (1) Object of object
This type of object represents the object or result of the action and is divided into object object and result object. "Buy a car" is the object object, and "build a car" is the result object. The result object refers to something that exists only after the action is completed.
(2)Agent object
This type of object is the sender of action and mainly appears in two sentence types: present sentence and object sentence. For example, "There is a person standing at the door", "Four people live in one room".
(3) Non-giver-recipient object
Non-giver-recipient object is an object other than the doer or the recipient, or it is difficult to determine whether it is the doer or the recipient. It is divided into two small parts. Category: A. The verb is an action verb, and the object indicates the place, object, purpose, reason, etc. of the action. For example, "eating in the canteen" is the object of the place, "eating hot pot" is the object of the object, and "eating rich" is the object of the cause.
B. Verbs are non-action verbs, such as "is, have, like, when, count, in, last name, become, become, as, became", etc. These verbs express a certain relationship.
The agent-recipient relationship between the subject and the object is generally expressed as "giving-receiving" (I read a book), but can also be expressed as many other relationships, such as "receiving-receiving" (potato beef stew) , "Fei-Shi" (someone from outside), "Fei-Fei" (he is a student), "Shi-Fei" (he eats hot pot).
(4) Attributive adverbial complements
1. The composition of attributives has a wide range of compositions, almost all content words except adverbs and quantifiers, and all phrases except word phrases Can be used as an attributive. Attributives are divided into descriptive attributives and restrictive attributives. Descriptive attributives are served by adjectives or adjective phrases, and restrictive attributives are served by words other than adjective words.
It is generally believed that there is no purely descriptive attributive. Descriptive attributives are often restrictive. For example, "red clothes" are also different from other clothes.
The order of attributives is generally: (1) words expressing possession; (2) words expressing indication or quantity; (3) words expressing nature and status.
2. The composition of adverbials The composition of adverbials: Adverbs, adjectives, time nouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositional phrases, directional phrases, quantifier phrases (momentum), etc. are often used as adverbials. The semantics of adverbials: The semantics expressed by adverbials mainly include time, place, degree, scope, quantity, affirmation and negation, situation, mood, etc. The position of the adverbial: It is generally the adverbial in the sentence, after the subject and before the verb adjective. It can also be an adverbial at the beginning of a sentence. In special circumstances, adverbials can be placed after them. Most adverbials can be either mid-sentence adverbials or sentence-initial adverbials, while prepositional phrase adverbials composed of "about" can only be sentence-initial adverbials.
3. Types of complements What can be used as complements are adjectives, verbs, adverbs (very, very), quantity phrases (momentum), conjunction phrases (predicate), adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases, verbs Object phrases, subject-predicate phrases, etc.
The meaning types of complements are:
(1) Result complement. The result complement expresses the result of an action. Such as "talking loudly".
Semantic orientation analysis: The semantic orientation of the result complement can be different. Try to compare: we won the ball - we broke the ball - we finished the ball, we had enough food - we ate more We finished our meal--We finished our meal. (2) Degree complement. Represents the degree of action or qualitative state. Complements of degree are often served by adverbs (very, extremely), quantifier phrases (some, a little), predicate phrases, and adjectives, and their heads are generally adjectives and psychological verbs.
(3) Trend complement Trend complement expresses the tendency of action behavior or property state change.
Use trend verbs as trend complements.
Its location and usage are relatively flexible.
(4) Quantity complement Quantity complement expresses the quantity or frequency of action.
Quantity complements are played by quantifier phrases, and there are two types: quantifier phrases that express momentum, such as once and once;
(2) quantifier phrases that express the amount of time (period), Such as a year or a month.
The position of the quantity complement: after the verb, after the predicate or after the object.
(5) Time and place complement The time and place complement indicates the time or place where the action occurs. The time and place complement is served by a prepositional phrase.
(6) Object complement The object complement represents the object of the action or the comparison object, and is served by a prepositional phrase composed of "yu".
(7) Whether complement The whether complement expresses possibility or impossibility, consisting of "get" and "must not".
6. When the complement and the object coexist, the positional complement and the object are both components after the verb. Their positional relationship is as follows:
(1) (verb center + complement) + object. For example, "He locked the car."
(2) (verb + object) + complement. Such as "I've seen him a few times."
(3) (verb center + complement + object) + complement. As in "He was speechless."
(4) Verb + near object + complement + far object. For example, "He taught me English several times."
7. Distinguish between complement and object
(1) Different parts of speech. The object is generally played by a noun word, and under certain conditions it can also be played by a predicate word; while the complement is generally played by a predicate word. Therefore, the nominal component after the verb is mostly the object, while the predicate component needs to look at its relationship with the verb. Momentum phrases in quantifier phrases are generally used as complements, and material phrases are generally used as objects.
(2) The relationship is different. The verb and the object are in a dominating relationship, answering questions such as "who" and "what"; the center and the complement are supplementary explanations, answering questions such as "how", "how much", "how long" and so on. The predicate component after the verb mainly relies on this distinction to determine whether it is an object or a complement, that is, whether it can be replaced by "what".
(3) The conversion methods are different. Sentences with objects can be converted into "ba" sentences. "He wasted an hour" can be converted into a "ba" sentence, "an hour" is the object: "He worked for an hour" cannot be converted, "an hour" is the complement.
(4) The particle "get". The structural particle "de" is a complement marker. But it should be noted that "get" is a word-forming element, such as "get, know, recognize, win, make, save, share, get, feel, remember, lose, lazy, happy, get, deserve", etc., these words The latter component is usually the object.
(5) There are different central words at different levels and positions.
1. Subject center The subject center is mainly played by noun words.
2. The object center is often played by a noun word. Predicate words can also be used as object and center words, but they must use the particle "的".
3. The predicate center is often played by predicate words. Noun words can also be used as predicate heads, and adverbials are generally adverbs expressing time and scope, such as "already, all, only, on, only, pure, light, true", etc. In recent years, adverbs of degree can also be used as such adverbials. , such as "very Beijing".
4. The verb center is played by the verb, and there must be both an object and a complement behind the verb center.
II
Types of single sentences Single sentences can be divided into sentence types and sentence categories. Sentence patterns are types divided according to the grammatical structure characteristics of sentences. Single sentence sentence types are divided into subject-predicate sentences and non-subject-predicate sentences. Sentence categories are types divided according to the mood and purpose of the sentence. Sentence types are divided into declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences. A sentence can be analyzed from the perspective of sentence pattern or sentence category. For example, "Is he coming?" belongs to the subject-predicate sentence type and the question type.
(1) Sentence pattern: Sentence pattern is a classification of sentences in terms of sentence structure, and sentence patterns are hierarchical. Sentences are first divided into single sentences and complex sentences. A single sentence is a sentence composed of words or phrases; a complex sentence is a sentence composed of two or more single sentences that are closely related in meaning and do not contain each other in structure. According to the nature of the words that make up the sentence, a single sentence is divided into a subject-predicate sentence and a non-subject-predicate sentence. A subject-predicate sentence is a sentence composed of a subject-predicate phrase; a non-subject-predicate sentence is a sentence composed of words or non-subject-predicate phrases. 1. Subject-predicate sentence (1) Noun-predicate sentence Noun-predicate sentence is a sentence in which noun words serve as predicates. Most of them express judgment, but they can also express description. For example, "Lu Xun is from Zhejiang." (2) Verb-predicate sentences Verb-predicate sentences are sentences in which verb words serve as predicates, and are divided into two types: those with objects and those without objects. Such as "He has read this book.", "I have been there." (3) Adjective predicate sentences Adjective predicate sentences are sentences in which adjective words serve as predicates. For example, "This house is very big." 2. Non-subject-predicate sentences (1) Verb-type non-subject-predicate sentences Verb-type non-subject-predicate sentences are composed of verb words other than subject-predicate phrases.
It is used to explain natural phenomena, make general requirements, put forward slogans, or serve as a clause in a complex sentence. Such as "No smoking." (2) Adjective non-subject-predicate sentence An adjective non-subject-predicate sentence is a sentence composed of adjectives or adjective phrases. Such as "It's so beautiful!" (3) Noun non-subject and predicate sentences Noun non-subject and predicate sentences are sentences composed of nouns or noun phrases. It can be used to express: A. Description of scenes in scripts and novels, such as "a train station in the Northeast"; B. Expression of exclamation or admiration, such as "What a cute child"; C. Expression of things that appear suddenly, such as "car"; D. , expresses calling, such as "teacher"; E, expresses request or rebuke, such as "ticket". (4) Onomatopoeic sentences Onomatopoeic sentences are sentences composed of onomatopoeic words. Such as "Boom!", "Ouch!".
(4) Special sentence patterns in modern Chinese - complex single sentences 1. Subject-predicate sentence A subject-predicate sentence is a sentence in which the subject-predicate phrase serves as the predicate or predicate center. Its structure: He is in good health. The two levels of subject-predicate sentences are both subject-predicate phrases, but their properties are different: the subject and predicate on the first level are the subjects and predicates of the whole sentence, which are called major subjects and major predicates; the subject-predicate phrases on the second level serve as The predicates of sentences are called minor subjects and minor predicates. 2. Double object sentence A double object sentence is a sentence with two objects that have no structural relationship with each other. The structural characteristics of double-object sentences: (1) The predicate verb has the nature of "predicate", such as "give, send, ask, tell", etc.; (2) Both objects can have a verb-object relationship with the verb in structure; ( 3) There is no structural relationship between the two objects. In a double-object sentence, one object refers to a person and the other refers to an object. Objects that are close to the verb are called near objects and indirect objects; objects that are far from the verb are called far objects and direct objects. For example: He || told | me something. "I" is a near object and an indirect object; "one thing" is a far object and a direct object. 3. A concurrent sentence is a sentence in which a concurrent phrase is used as a predicate or becomes an independent sentence. The object of the first verb is also the subject of the second verb, which is called concurrent language. Characteristics of the AND clause: (1) The first verb is a causative verb; (2) The CALE clause forms a verb-object relationship with the first verb and a subject-predicate relationship with the second predicate; (3) The second predicate semantically belongs to the CALE clause . Also sentence classification: (1) The first verb is "to make, call, let, please" and other verbs that express the meaning of giving orders, discouraging, etc., such as "I told him to go". (2) The first verb is "to have", such as "Someone is coming outside." (3) The first verb is "yes", such as "It's your fault today." (4) Other verbs enter the concurrent structure and have imperative meaning, such as "The squad leader organized us to go to the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall." 4. "Ba" sentence "Ba" sentence is a sentence pattern in which "ba" is used to form a prepositional phrase and the dominant object of the verb is placed before the verb. For example, "He put his schoolbag on the table." Most sentences can be converted into sentences with object, subject and predicate. The situations that cannot be converted are: (1) there is an object after the verb; (2) there is a complex complement after the verb; (3) the meaning does not allow it. The conditions for the formation of the sentence "ba": (1) The verb must be action-oriented; (2) It cannot be a bare verb; (3) The object introduced by "ba" must be specified; (4) Negative words and auxiliary verbs can only be placed in "ba" "forward.
6. Sentences with the word "bei". Sentences with the word "bei" are sentence patterns in which "bei" is used to introduce the agent, or "bei" is attached to the front of the verb to express passiveness. Such as "The clouds were blown away by the wind" and "The clouds were blown away". The expression method of passive meaning: (1) semantic passive; (2) passive sentence. Types of bei sentences: (1) [bei + agent] + move; (2) bei + move; (3) [bei + agent] + suo + move. The conditions for forming a sentence with the word bei: (1) Use a verb with strong action; (2) It cannot be a bare verb; (3) The subject refers clearly; (4) Negative words and time words are placed before "be".
5. "Lian" sentence Lien sentence is a sentence pattern that uses the format of "Lian... also/all..." to express emphasis. Such as "Even he doesn't want to go." Classification of hyphenated sentences: (1) Subject agent type, such as "He didn't even come"; (2) Subject object type, such as "I didn't even read the book"; (3) Repeated verb type, such as "Even he didn't come" Don’t even look at it.”
Three Analysis of Single Sentence Components
(1) Key points of methods for single sentence analysis:
(1) Pay attention to structural levels and structural relationships. (2) Pay attention to the role of the structural center and be good at grasping the central language. (3) Pay attention to the important role of semantic analysis in sentence analysis.
(2) Single sentence analysis example of (economic)
Development|| [inevitable] [will] drive the development of |(education).
Four: Class summary
Five: Consolidation training
Divide the components of the following sentences
1 Chen Ran was very happy!
p>
2 The thing is in this well!
3 A young man is lying on the stone operating table.
4 The emperor's clothes have never received such praise!
5 He was so happy that he almost jumped up!
6 "The East is Red>>" The voice of tens of millions of people across the country.
7 Squatting, sitting, and standing!
8 Since the pseudo-village chief was executed, the enemy has been retaliating crazily!
9 In the summer of 1916, Lei Feng went to Jiamusi to perform a mission!
10 In order to keep it secret, several leaders of the party organization were destroyed after seeing it!
11 A few months The prison life gave Chen Ran a lot of experience in underground struggles!
12 The difficult-to-climb Laojie Mountain was defeated by a cumbersome team like us!
13 Thousands of tall buildings and flat ground Get up!
14 Let’s learn from Comrade Bethune’s spirit of not being self-interested but benefiting others!
15 He lay on the bed and fell asleep!
16 The environment they live in is much better than that of the previous generation!
17 My grandmother often told me that the Cypress Snake Empress was trapped under this tower!
18 Bai Poplar trees are really extraordinary!
19 I praise poplar trees!
20 On the vast sea, dark clouds are gathering wildly!
21 The stupid penguin timidly hides his fat body at the bottom of the cliff!