What's the difference between Tang poetry and Song poetry?

The thinking mode of Tang poetry in the Song Dynasty: multiple logics and multiple images Literally: elegant, beautiful, solemn, gorgeous and rich in techniques: accustomed to being straightforward and fond of using Bixing genre: plain and formal dress: Chai Jing cloth skirt, Xia Guangong Hall: Ming Chuang Jing Xiu home bead curtain catering: coarse tea and light rice compare with flowers: plum blossom, Leng Yan peach blossom, 1, music. The literary features of poetry are quite different. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different. China's classical poetry had an indissoluble bond with music from the very beginning, but poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even if the Southern Song Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria, but became a new rhythmic poem, it should still be filled according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in the Ci, and the brand of music cannot be erased. 2. Differences in external forms The differences in external forms are manifested in sentence patterns, syntax, rhythm and duality. First of all, from the syntactic point of view, metrical poems are unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; The sentence patterns of words are uneven, but the uneven aria of words is also stipulated by the meter; Secondly, the syntax of poetry is also very different, the metrical poetic style is relatively fixed, and the rhythm is 23 and 223; The syntax of words is flexible and diverse, and one word provokes people to travel thousands of miles; Third, the rhyme rules of poetry are different. Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not; The word is flat, the rhyme can be changed in the middle and the rhyme foot can be changed, but it is stipulated by the meter; Finally, the antithesis rules of poetry are quite different. The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. If the foot is right, it can be right or wrong. "eye-catching" 3. The theme and content of different poems are also very different. Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and career ups and downs as the main contents, mainly expressing the feelings of social groups; A striking feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the difference between men and women and lovesickness, and mostly expresses the author's personal feelings. 4. Differences in Language Features Poetry is a typical language art, while Ci is a typical language art. Mr. Miao Yue once vividly compared the language features of poetry to the elegant garden pavilions of literati and celebrities. It can be seen that because the theme of the word is mostly related to women, the language of the word is also feminine, more light, delicate, delicate and fragrant. 5. Differences in styles The differences in poetic styles are simply summarized as the charm of poetry (Li's language in Qing Dynasty), and even works with the same theme have different styles; And the poetry works of the same writer also present a completely different style. This has a lot to do with the differences in theme content and language characteristics of poetry. Usually, apart from the concept of the times, the distinction between Tang and Song poetry refers to style. Style is of course related to the times and cannot be divided by time period; Tang poetry began from the school of poetry, and in the Song Dynasty, there were also people who inherited Tang sounds, such as Bai Ti and Ti in the early Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the poetic styles of Tang and Song Dynasties are quite different. From Song Dynasty to modern times, the style of China's classical poetry did not go beyond the scope of Tang and Song Dynasties. "On Poetry and Songs" said: "Tang poetry wins by rhyme, so it is elegant and elegant, but ethereal; Song poetry wins with meaning, so it is refined and capable, expensive and profound. The beauty of Tang poetry lies in its sentimental words, so it is rich; The beauty of Song poetry lies in its strength, so it is thin. " These words are the characteristics of Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, for example, Li Bai's Dongting Lake (I): "Dongting Lake looks at the Chu River in the west, with water all over the sky and no clouds." The poem "I don't know where to hang the Xiang army at sunset in Changsha" is exactly what I saw in the east and west. It is handy and effortless. It's really ethereal and emotional to read, which is better than rhyme. Let's take a look at Huang Tingjian's "The Portrait of the Founder" (I): "Hui Chong's misty rain returns to the wild goose and sits in my Xiaoxiang Dongting. I wanted to call the boat home, so the old man said it was Dan Qing. "The first three sentences of this poem are about the scenery in the lake and the moving scenery. When the poet wanted to buy a boat to travel, he realized that this was not a real scene, but a painting. The first three sentences are posturing for the sake of flashing the last sentence, which shows that it takes a lot of ingenuity and is deeply broken, that is, winning by intention. Tang poetry attaches great importance to rhyme, so most of them are mixed with scenes or feelings. Another example is Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" (Rizhao incense burner gives birth to purple smoke). The four sentences are all about scenery, with no special meaning, but they are free and easy for readers to understand; Its beauty lies in love words. This is what Yan Yu said in Cang Hua, "Don't care about the road, don't say anything. "When writing Lushan Mountain, Su Shi's poem Xilin Wall (a mountain peak on the side of the mountain) is different. The first two sentences are still about scenery, and the last two sentences are about discussion, but because of this discussion, people can fully appreciate the twists and turns of Lushan Mountain. Zhao Yi, a Qing man, commented: "The masterpiece of Lushan Mountain is like a forest. If you do it again, it will never be excellent. Poe is about to fall into the sky, and he is clever enough to win by leaning against the teacher. "Indeed, compared with Li Bai's poems, this poem has a deeper connotation and is good at strength. But the richness of love words is not as good as that of others. The significance of Su Shi's poem lies not only in this, but also in readers' profound philosophy. This is also one of the characteristics of Song poetry, which is full of rational interest. As for the rich interest, there are also in Tang poetry, such as Wang Wei's reply to Zhang's deputy governor, and the passage of time only gives me all kinds of leisure. I think that there is no brilliant strategy to serve the country, only to retire to the mountains and forests. Wide wind, the wind in the shade, the moon shining on the right to play the piano. You ask me good or bad luck? Listen, there is a fisherman singing on the lake! "Poets are just narrating and writing scenery, and relaxing the scenery, unbuttoning the belt and playing the piano can all be used to realize the Tao. Finally, there is no answer, which is intriguing. Reason lies in the scenery, meaning is implied. This is the characteristic of reasoning in Tang poetry. The characteristic of reasoning in Song poetry can take care of Huang Tingjian's "Er Yun Answer Bin Lao Bing Er Amusement Park" (1): "Everything is on the same plane, and the worry is Zen disease. There are new poems in boredom, forgetting the hoof and leaving the rabbit path. Lotus leaf mud shows anger and joy. The stalls are close to the fragrance, and the heart is quiet with the dusk. " Compared with the last poem, the two poems actually have the same meaning, but Huang's poem is more tortuous and more thorough. It's just that it's even worse when it comes to hints. Tang and Song poems have their own characteristics in reasoning poems, and so do landscape poems. Another example is Cen Can's "Bai Xuege sent back for a court-martial trial" (the north wind rolled for a hundred times). Although I tried my best to describe things, I came slowly, changed my rhyme several times and paused, and my steps were in tune. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi's Hundred Steps of Flood (Dragon and Hong all fall and jump) imitates the metaphor in Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi, which makes people overwhelmed. Moreover, the rhyme does not change in the middle, and there is a tendency to fall straight. There are advantages in both the beauty of poetry and the fluency of writing. Compared with Cen's poems, the writing skills can be said to be improved, but it is inevitable that there is a sense of urgency and there is no elegance in Tang poetry. Song poetry not only changed the old ideas in composition, but also in tone. Huang Tingjian's poems are tall, straight and thin, which is quite different from the elegant voice of Tang poetry. In addition, Yan Yu once accused Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi Poetry School of "taking words as poems, discussing as poems and learning as poems." In fact, this is the difference between Song poetry and Tang poetry, which is a major feature of Song poetry. Song people seek innovation and change, and everything in the world, laughing and cursing, is written into the text, creating a new way. However, vanilla beauty, love stories between men and women in Tang poetry and Song poetry are rarely seen. This is mainly a word that appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and developed to the Song Dynasty. Its genre is suitable for romance, so most of these emotions of Song people are transferred to words. There has always been a dispute between the superior and the inferior in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the choice of praise and criticism varies from person to person. The strength of Song poetry lies in the improvement of techniques and the expansion of themes compared with Tang poetry. But the more you improve your literary talent, the more you lose your natural voice, and it is inevitable that you will lose your grace and beauty. This is also a helpless move. At the same time, if you blindly seek innovation and change, depth and adventure, and you can't get any new ideas, you have to pay attention to the use of words, because the use of words hurts poetry and meaning. This is where Song poetry is inferior to Tang poetry. As far as the development of literature is concerned, originality is more important than form, and it is difficult for Song people to continue under the situation that Tang poetry has been in full swing. If you are poor, you will change your mind, so you will expand your territory, set foot in places that the Tang people have never been to, and find another way to form a rival with the Tang poetry. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, although poetry also changed, it could not cross the barrier between the two schools. Mr. Qian, Talking about Artistic Records? 6? In 1' s poems dividing Tang and Song Dynasties, there is a conclusion that "Tang poetry and Song poetry not only have different dynasties, but also have different constitutions. "There are two kinds of people in the world. There are two kinds of poems. Tang poetry is good at rich expression and rhyme, while Song poetry is good at reasoning with bones and muscles. Especially Yuetang in Song Yue, is a convenient title. It is not that Tang poetry must come from Tang people, but Song poetry must come from Song people. Therefore, Shaoling, Changli, Xiangshan and Dongye in the Tang Dynasty were the forerunners of the Song Dynasty. The guest mountain of Song Dynasty, white stone, nine monks and four spirits are Song people. "