First, the principle of topic selection
In the creation of tour guide lyrics, the first problems we encounter are "what to write" and "how to write". What kind of scenic spots you choose as your writing object largely determines the direction of the whole creative activity and the quality evaluation of tourism resources in a region.
To do a good job in selecting topics, we should follow the following principles:
(1) Personality principle. Guide words must highlight the personality of the landscape they describe, that is, fully reveal its unique characteristics different from any other landscape. Personality is characteristic, characteristic and unique. The more distinctive the personality, the higher the value of tourism resources.
Natural landscape should highlight natural characteristics. Every natural landscape has its own unique place, and we should express it accurately in order to attract tourists.
For example, every famous mountain has its own personality: the hero of Mount Tai, the danger of Mount Hua, the wonder of Mount Huangshan, the beauty of Mount Emei and so on. There are many caves with their own characteristics. We must dig deep into the personality of the object we want to describe, and we must never stay in general descriptions, such as beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, spring-like seasons and unique caves. , too general, fall into the stereotype.
As for the humanistic resources of historical and cultural heritage, we should keep their original features as much as possible, especially the ancient buildings and gardens, which have historical value in addition to aesthetic value and reflect the aesthetic consciousness and life interest of the ancients to some extent. For example, ancient temples, mountain gates, Ursa major halls and the four heavenly kings need not be described. Every temple has these. Although slightly different, they are not interested in ordinary tourists who are not studying Buddhist art, but focus on discovering its uniqueness in the history of religion and art, which is different from other monasteries.
(2) the principle of innovation. This requires the selected theme to have new contents, new ideas, new materials and new perspectives. The landscape we want to describe, whether it is natural landscape or human landscape, has a long history, and generally there are a lot of oral stories or rich literary materials. Therefore, first of all, we should collect materials extensively, and after careful reading, analysis and comparison, screen out the excellent, scientific and artistic essence, and get rid of the absurd, superstitious and meaningless dross.
It is particularly important to try to think and observe the object of the objective world from a new angle, or something that the predecessors have dabbled in but have not fully expressed, so as to gain new ideas, which is what we often say.
For example, the Twelve Widows' Building in Huangyakou, the Great Wall, used to express its suffering and tragic atmosphere with "The Virgin", but now it mainly praises its loyalty and heroism against the enemy; The tomb of Queen Mother Xiao Zhuang in Dongling is outside the wall. It used to be said that she was married to Dourgen, unruly, a romantic queen, and was kicked out of the house. Now she is still the true face of history, preaching her achievements in stabilizing the political situation in the early Qing Dynasty and helping Emperor Kangxi to govern the country. Many caves are scenes in heaven, where the Eight Immortals cross the sea and the heavenly daughters scatter flowers. Almost everywhere, unremarkable. There are abundant crops and spaceships. And introduce new ideas.
(3) General principles. Any excellent landscape, whether it is natural scenery or historical sites, has its broad social and political background and profound historical and cultural connotation, and is often the most distinctive treasure among many scenic spots. But the reason why it is excellent is by no means isolated, and there must be reasons for its "stars holding the moon". Therefore, when writing tour guide words, you can't "talk about temples" or "write about scenery", but describe a single scenic spot alone, which not only appears monotonous and superficial, but also loses the integrity of this point.
I especially recommend a tour guide to introduce Suzhou Hanshan Temple, which is well written, vivid in language, rich in content and distinct in layers. Along the bus route, from the ancient bridge-ancient town-ancient temple-ancient bell, Hanshan Temple and its bell ringing activities, morning bells and drums; At the same time, it also wrote about an ancient bridge, an ancient town and a night berth near Fengqiao. Hanshan Temple here is not a lonely temple, but a large-scale tourist area full of festive atmosphere, with many related attractions. The sound of horses and chariots, oars, firecrackers, gongs and drums, and bells are connected. The bell-ringing tour of Hanshan Temple is vividly described, which cannot but attract many domestic and foreign tourists.
(4) market principles and the color of the times. The creation of tour guide words requires a distinct spirit of the times. We should explore the essential significance of scenery from the height of the times, not just limited to the specific scope of writing objects, regardless of the development and changes of social life, and reflect the needs of tourists. Because with the change of social life and the development of market economy, the tourism demand and motivation of contemporary tourists are constantly changing, which makes the tourism resources face the possibility of being outdated, expanding or losing their appeal at any time. Hot springs, for example, used to be the main target of tourism in history; Later, people liked sea water and sunshine again, so seaside resorts appeared; In the 1980s, cultural tourism became increasingly popular, and people liked to visit cultural relics. Therefore, all countries attach great importance to the development of cultural resources. The creation of tour guide words should also pay special attention to the change of market demand, select key objects and themes with the transfer of the market, make a correct evaluation of outdated resources, tap its spirit of the times, and strive to restore its appeal.
At the same time, tour guide words should be created according to different target markets of the landscape. Each tourist destination and landscape has its own different consumer market, that is, different tourist groups. In order to attract people's attention, the creation of tour guide words should choose its own audience and be targeted. For example, Zhoukoudian ape-man site is not only a patriotic education position for young people, but also a scientific research place for archaeologists and anthropologists. Therefore, these two different tourist groups need different tour guides.
Second, establish the theme.
Theme is the central idea expressed by the author in the article. It embodies the main intention of the author's creation and shows the author's basic understanding, understanding and evaluation of the objective things reflected in the article.
The theme has the dual attributes of objectivity and subjectivity. Any article is a reflection of objective things and social life, and the theme should be the internal ideological meaning of objective things and social life content, not far-fetched and arbitrary. But the theme is not the objective thing itself, but the author's subjective understanding and reflection of it, and the author's subjective factors play a decisive role in the formation and expression of the theme.
The writing of tour guide words should also pay attention to the establishment and refinement of the theme. Through the explanation of a tour guide's words, what kind of thoughts and intentions are expressed to tourists, what kind of emotions, understanding and evaluation are stimulated, and the purpose of inspiring education is achieved.
(1) The theme is the core, soul and commander-in-chief of tour guide words.
1. Theme determines the value of a tour guide, which can also be said to be an important factor in determining the value of a landscape. Guide words are the author's evaluation of the historical and cultural value, artistic appreciation value and scientific research value of a scene, and also the expression of the author's political ideal, ideology and aesthetic taste. The theme of tour guide words is also divided into depth, old and new, right and wrong, which determines the value of a tour guide word itself and, more importantly, affects the value of a scene. Some landscapes are of high value, but the author didn't dig deep into their themes, making them plain; However, some originally unremarkable scenery, after the author's description, found its profound connotation, and suddenly became dazzling and became famous scenery. Such examples abound. This shows the importance of establishing the theme.
2. The theme determines the selection and refinement of materials. A scenic spot often has a lot of information. They are often scattered, contradictory, real or fictional, elegant or vulgar. In a word, it can be divided into useful and useless categories. We can't write these materials intact in the tour guide's words, but we should choose and refine them. This is the so-called process of "eliminating the false and preserving the true" and "eliminating the weeds and preserving the essence". What is the basis? It is only refined and selected according to the needs of theme expression. Only the theme can make the messy materials become a typical, vivid, interrelated and organic whole expressing landscape characteristics, and become an excellent guide.
3. Theme dominates the layout of tour guide words. Tour guide words should be presented in an orderly and clear way according to the tourist route. What shall we do? Only when the author is clear about his writing intention, that is, the theme, can he do what first, add and subtract what, detail what, reveal what, and make the planning rigorous and the layout reasonable. Otherwise, it will be impossible to form a strict and unified guiding word if it is spread blindly and disorderly.
4. Theme restricts the expression and language use of tour guide words. Tour guide words of different scenery have different expressions, and different themes always seek the most appropriate expression. Such as natural scenery, mainly description and lyricism; Cultural relics are mainly explained and discussed; Customs and human feelings are mainly described and displayed; Revolutionary resorts are mainly narrative and praise. In short, the tour guide words with different themes have different expressions, that is, the scenery with the same nature. Because of the different meanings of the theme expressed by the author, he will also adopt different expressions and will never be identical to each other. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "The Green of Leixiangtan" visited Leixiangtan in rainy days. The mountains are green, the grass is green, and the water is green, thus expressing the author's hard and stubborn feelings about life and becoming a famous prose.
(B) Determine the requirements of the theme
1. Correct. Correctness is the requirement of ideological, scientific or aesthetic value of the theme. The theme of tour guide words should conform to the real situation of the scenery, fully reveal the cultural connotation of the scenery, help tourists understand and appreciate the deep value of the scenery, and stimulate people's positive and healthy emotions, such as loving the motherland, life, nature and scientific knowledge, praising the long history, splendid culture and national unity. , thus stimulating people's fighting spirit and improving people's sentiment.
Focus. Concentration mainly refers to the simplicity and singleness of the theme. Generally speaking, a tour guide can only have one theme, not two or more centers at the same time. Otherwise, it will confuse the branches and vines, disturb the central idea of the article, and hinder people from accurately grasping the central idea. The purpose of requiring the theme to be concise is to make the problem clear, facilitate in-depth discussion and enhance the expression effect of the theme.
Some tour guide words are written in a mess, mainly because the theme is not concentrated and single. First, I didn't think clearly about the theme of the scenery I wrote, and I wanted to tell the tourists everything. As a result, my thoughts are confused and unclear. Second, I can't bear to give up the material that has nothing to do with the theme. I think this is also lively and interesting, so I scribble it, which will inevitably have complicated and literary meanings, but the main meaning is not clear.
3. profound. Profound is the depth that reflects the theme. Guide words should not only list and explain the superficial phenomena of the scenery, but also reveal the scientific connotation of the deep essence of the scenery. Of course, the profundity of the theme is not the product of abstract inference or out of thin air, but must be contained in concrete materials with distinctive personality. Only by combining the two skillfully can the tour guide words be vivid and profound.
(3) Highlight key points and choose bright spots.
Key point. Guide words are a new special style, which is different from novels, essays, poems, papers, practical articles and so on. It requires beautiful words, catchy words and pleasant sounds; You can not only watch it, but also explain it in combination with the scene. The most important thing is to make readers or tourists have a clear impression of the scenery to stimulate their emotions. Therefore, it is particularly important to grasp the key points of tour guide writing.
How to highlight the key points?
First of all, we should introduce the content that best reflects the essential characteristics of the scenery. For example, a tour guide of scenic spots in a garden should focus on its characteristics and main scenic spots; The introduction of historical relics focuses on its cultural value and historical significance; Mainly introduce the main experiences, advantages and disadvantages of the characters.
Second, pay attention to what tourists need to know most. There are many scenic spots, cultural relics and scenic spots in a scenic spot, so it is impossible for tourists to visit them all. It is impossible for a tour guide to choose its most important scenery to explain. This not only meets the requirements of tourists, but also avoids the waste of pen and ink.
Thirdly, if the contents of scenic spots are divided into key points, sub-key points and general scenic spots in turn, the key points are prominent, the levels are clear, the routes are clear, the structure is symmetrical and the layout is reasonable.
Highlights. The best part of the tour guide's words is the so-called bright spot. Each scene consists of many contents, among which the most attractive, valuable and unique thing is the highlight of the whole tour guide. As we know, there are "poetic eyes" in poetry, "epigrams" in writing and "the finishing touch" in painting. Therefore, we should attach great importance to choosing "highlights" when writing tour guide words.
The choice of highlights should be based on all the materials the author has. Only when the scenery materials possessed by the author are very rich and lifelike can we find out where the highlights are and form the climax of the whole tour guide.
The appearance of bright spots needs to choose a novel and unique new perspective and strive to explore new ideas of scenery. A new perspective can provide new scenes and explore new meanings. If it is always passed down along the legends of predecessors, you can only see the old scenes of platitudes; On the contrary, if you find a new way to climb in a place where no one has ever been, you will definitely enjoy the wonders that no one has ever seen. The ancients said: "From the side of the mountain, the height is different." Starting from a new angle, finding a new breakthrough and discovering a new artistic conception is the highlight.
Third, use the topic to play.
Guide words are usually explained according to the tourist route and are closely related to the scenery. However, when introducing something, it is often necessary to expand and supplement the content to help tourists understand more deeply the meaning that the picture and the object itself are difficult to express directly. Therefore, the creation of tour guide words needs to be developed in many places. These technologies are:
(1) Knowledge is on the sign side. For example, when introducing the Baohe Hall, the tour guide of the Forbidden City in Beijing wrote: "In the Qing Dynasty, banquets were often held here, and the princes and ministers of Mongolia and Xinjiang were entertained on the first and fifteenth days of the first month of each year. When the princess got married, the emperor also hosted a banquet here to entertain Xu. " Then it describes the imperial examination system in feudal times, from the beginning of Han Dynasty to its abolition in 1905, which is very informative and interesting. This skill is often used in every tour guide's words. The question is whether it is used properly.
(2) Reasonably explore topics. For example, in the TV series "Mount Tai", when there is a picture of a mountaineer climbing eighteen sets, the commentary writes: "Eighteen sets are methods to test will and endurance, and eighteen sets are methods to sharpen perseverance and adaptability. There are always difficulties in life. Often the greater the difficulty, the closer to victory. Only those who have climbed the 18 th plate of Mount Tai can truly understand this truth. " This comment reveals the profound meaning outside the picture and gives some enlightenment.
(3) Borrowing the past to discuss the present in historical materials. For example, the last paragraph of the tour guide's words "country first, brilliant" in Shaanxi History Museum wrote: "You are wandering among thousands of cultural relics in Shaanxi History Museum, as if you have stepped into the long river of history and returned to an era that has long passed away, feeling the characteristics of Shaanxi's history, culture and cultural relics, such as early age, complete variety, large scale and high level. It plays a positive role in carrying forward national culture and promoting the development of reform, opening up and tourism! I believe that you will be excited about the brilliant achievements created by the diligence and wisdom of your ancestors, revitalize the glory of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and create greater glories! " This kind of natural and unrestrained borrowing from the past to discuss the present is neither melodramatic nor far-fetched, which is very useful for deepening the theme. This can be seen everywhere in the tour guide's words.
There are many ways to use the topic, so I won't introduce them here. But to make good use of this skill, we must pay attention to:
First of all, we should stick to the scenery and physical objects, based on real scenes. You can't just play and talk nonsense.
Second, the historical knowledge cited must be true and scientific, and cannot be fabricated or fabricated. Unconfirmed historical materials shall not be quoted at will; Folklore should be truthfully stated, and true and false should not be confused.
Third, the feelings expressed should be positive, healthy and inspiring, not negative, decadent and world-weary.
Fourth, the content of the script should be concise and the text should be refined. Be purposeful and comfortable. Don't ramble and digress from Wan Li.
The creation of tour guide words should have the skills of writers, the passion of poets, the calmness of historians and the logic of theorists. This is not an exaggeration, nor a threat, but a serious attitude towards the creation of tour guide lyrics. This is of far-reaching significance to the development of tourism in a region and the improvement of the overall level of tourism in China.