A pair of phrases or sentences with equal words, the same or basically the same structural form and symmetrical meaning, expressing two opposite or similar meanings.
Function: neat and symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, high generality, easy to remember and beautiful in music.
Main methods:
1, exactly. The dual forms of the upper and lower sentences are similar, similar, complementary and contrasting in meaning.
For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach.
2. Objection. The dual form of the opposite or relative meaning of the upper and lower sentences.
For example, look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow your head as a willing ox.
3. Series pair (running pair). The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality.
For example: only drink Changsha water and eat Wuchang fish.
Metonymy and other rhetorical devices
Don't directly say what you want to express, but borrow someone or something closely related to it instead.
Types of metonymy: characteristic substituting for things, concrete substituting for abstraction, part substituting for whole, and whole substituting for part.
Function: highlight the essential characteristics of things, enhance the image of the language, make the writing concise and concise, and make the language rich in change and sense of humor; Attract people's association, so that the expression receives outstanding images, distinctive features, concrete and vivid effects.
Method:
If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. -"Looking at Tianmen Mountain" (1) the whole generation. That is to say, replace the noumenon with the representative part of things.
② Feature-generated ontology. In other words, the name of the ontological thing is replaced by the characteristics and signs of the borrowing body (person or thing).
For example, the compass turned angrily, spoke slowly and walked out ...-hometown.
(3) figurative generation and abstraction, such as the decade of South China's bonfire. -"meiling three chapters"
(4) Tool replaces ontology. For example, by the time the soil is turned over, eight out of ten households have already set fire to the hoard and can't open the pot. -"Yu Qian Fan"
(5) proper name generalization. Replace the name of ontology with a special name of a typical person or thing.
For example, if you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up! -Analysis of Metonymy and Metonymy in The Last Speech
2 appreciation methods of ancient Chinese poems in senior high schools
Emotional theme class
The theme of emotion mainly examines three aspects: understanding the expressed feelings, revealing the deep meaning of poetry and grasping the theme of poetry.
Questioning method
Emotion-what kind of emotional interest does poetry express (what changes have taken place in thoughts and feelings)? Or ask to analyze what kind of artistic conception this poem contains.
Theme-What kind of social reality does it reflect (what is the theme)? Or ask questions about the main sentence and key words, and ask to analyze the emotional theme.
background knowledge
Five common emotional types in classical poetry should be familiar with:
1. Life aspirations, including the desire to make achievements, the lament over the difficulty in rewarding ambitions, the frustration over the ups and downs of official career or the frustration of official career, the pursuit of a clean life, the love for mountains and rivers, and the ambition to retire to rural areas.
2. Worrying about the country and the people includes exposing the fatuity and decay of the rulers, showing the pain of the decline of mountains and rivers, reflecting the heroism of the frontier fortress, worrying about the people leaving chaos, worrying about the fate of the nation, and lamenting the ups and downs of the past.
3. Perceptions of life, including mourning for the Spring and Autumn Period, lamenting that life is short and fleeting, feeling sad and changeable, and expressing the joy of comforting life.
4. Homesickness, including travel worries, missing relatives and friends, homesickness at the border and boudoir feelings.
5. Farewell feelings, such as disappointment, deep affection, frank heart and so on.
Answer mode
Emotion: summary of poetry content+emotional characteristics.
Theme: the specific content of poetry+emotional characteristics or the theme of poetry.
3 appreciation methods of ancient Chinese poetry in senior high school
Appreciate rhetorical metaphor, contrast, analogy, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, repetition, irony and quotation.
Analogy: write things as adults, people as things, or things as things with rich imagination.
Function: It can stimulate readers' imagination and make the article more vivid.
Compare what to what, write what vividly and express the author's feelings. Analogy can be divided into personification and imitation.
⑴ personification: write things as adults, endow things with human actions, behaviors, thoughts, languages, feelings and activities, and describe things with words that describe people. Function: write animals, birds, insects, flowers, trees or other inanimate things into adults, so that specific things are personalized and the language is vivid. Give something life, write something vividly and express the author's feelings.
(2) Quasi-things (comparing things to people): ① Compare people to crops, or write this thing into another thing. ② Write things A as things B. ..
4 senior high school Chinese ancient poetry appreciation skills
Image artistic conception course
The topic of image and artistic conception mainly examines the understanding of lyric subject image, the analysis of poetic image and the appreciation of poetic artistic conception.
Questioning method
Image: What kind of image does this poem depict? What are the characteristics of the scenery?
Image artistic conception: what artistic atmosphere does poetry create? Or directly point out a picture and ask for a simple appreciation.
background knowledge
1. Image-The image in poetry not only refers to the lyric hero (lyric subject image) in lyric poetry, but also refers to the scenery and things described in poetry. Image is an "image" with "meaning" and an objective image used by poetry to entrust the poet's subjective feelings, including scenery and things.
2. Artistic conception-the artistic realm formed by the organic integration of the poet's thoughts and feelings and the life picture depicted in the poem. Common terms of artistic conception characteristics: prosperity, loneliness, tranquility, beauty, magnificence, bleak desolation and quietness.
Answer mode
Image analysis: feature+image location
Interpretation of image artistic conception: artistic conception description+feature generalization (or effect analysis). That is, first describe the artistic conception of the poem in your own words, and then summarize the characteristics of the scene (such as majestic, broad, deep, quiet and beautiful, bleak and desolate, full of vitality, lonely and deserted, etc.). ), or simply explain the effect of artistic conception.
Appreciation Methods of Ancient Poetry in Senior High School Appreciation Techniques of Ancient Poetry in Senior High School