What does the poem "Five Words" (the third one) say? What is the function of the poet quoting the allusions of Duke Zhou and Wang Mang?

This is a rich and interesting poem. It tells a truth in very popular language: to fully understand people and things, we must pass the test of time, measure and judge from the whole history, and we can't draw a conclusion based on the phenomenon of one thing at a time, otherwise we will regard Duke Zhou as a usurper and Wang Mang as a humble gentleman. The poet said that framed people like himself and his friend Yuan Zhen can stand the test of time, so take care of yourself and wait for the expiration of "jade inspection" and "material identification", which will naturally clarify the facts and distinguish the truth from the false. This is how he summed up his experience in the form of poetry.

In terms of expression, although it is mainly about discussion, the writing is extremely tortuous and full of emotion. At the beginning of the poem, "Give a gentleman a doubt" is to tell people a doubt, and it is very solemn. He used the word "giving" to emphasize the value of this method, indicating that it is an experience. This has firmly grasped the readers. Because there are many things in life that can't be judged, of course, everyone wants to know what kind of method this is. No need to drill turtles. Good luck. Say what you don't need and use first, but don't say it directly. This makes poetry twists and turns, waves, and more attractive to readers. The second and third sentences in the poem euphemistically introduce this method: "It takes three days to examine jade, and seven years to distinguish materials." It's simple. To know whether something is true or not, only time can test it. After a certain period of observation and comparison, the true colors of things will eventually appear.

The above explains the correctness of this method from the front, and then turns the pen around and explains from the back: "Duke Zhou is afraid of gossip, but Wang Mang is modest and does not usurp." If you don't use this method to identify things, you often can't make an accurate judgment. The evaluation of Duke Zhou and Wang Mang is an example. When the Duke of Zhou became king, some people suspected that he had the ambition to usurp power, but history proved that he was sincere in calling the king, and his loyalty was true, saying that his usurpation was false. When Wang Mang did not replace the Han regime, he pretended to be humble and once confused some people. Hanshu said that he was "more respected in name and more modest in moral integrity". But history has proved that his "humility" is false, and the self-reliance of the Han Dynasty is his true face. "Shi Xiang died at the beginning. Who knows the truth of his life?" This is the key sentence of the whole article. The purpose of "definitely suspicious" is to distinguish authenticity. Distinguish the true from the false, and the suspicion will naturally disappear. If you draw a conclusion too early and don't need time to test it, you will easily be blinded by temporary superficial phenomena and can't tell the truth from the wrong.

The meaning of the poem is very clear, but the language twists and turns euphemistically, and the "law" of "no doubt" before and after is not directly revealed. The former cited two examples of "examining jade" and "distinguishing materials", while the latter cited two examples of Duke Zhou and Wang Mang to make readers think. These examples are both arguments and arguments. Philosophy is embodied in the image, and the universal law is expressed through concrete things, which makes people think. It expresses a profound philosophy in the form of seven-character poems, which makes readers think rationally and read with interest. [2]