Its basic meaning refers to various doctrines and religious ceremonies that can make people gain higher spiritual or spiritual strength, but their participation is uncertain. Mysticism includes many theories and practices, such as mysticism, spiritualism, wand exploration, numerology, yoga, natural magic, aid programs for unarmed craftsmen, witchcraft, astrology and alchemy.
Ye Zhi was interested in mysticism and idealism all his life. 1885, Ye Zhi and some friends established the Order of Dolphin Hermes. The organization held its first meeting on June 6, 2006, with Ye Zhi as its chairman. In the same year, under the organization of the psychic Brahman Mosini Satri, the Theological Association Museum was officially opened. The following year, Ye Zhi attended his first seance. Since then, Ye Zhi has been addicted to alchemy and theism. 1890 joined the mysterious order of golden dawn and became the leader of 1900. After their marriage, Ye Zhi and his wife tried to write unconsciously, which was all the rage at that time. Ye Zhi's mysticism is particularly evident in his famous poem Rita and the Swan. This short poem, based on Greek mythology, tells the story of Zeus turning into a swan, combining with the beautiful Rita and giving birth to two daughters (one is the famous Helen, which triggered the Trojan War; One is Clytaemestra, Agamemnon's wife and commander of the Greek army. This motif appears repeatedly in western literary and artistic works. Western critics have different interpretations of Ye Zhi's original intention of creating this masterpiece. Some people think that "the root of historical changes lies in sex and war", while others think that "history is the result of the interaction between human creativity and destructive power" In the history of mainstream western literature, Rita and Swan are regarded as symbolic works of symbolic poetry.
Kathleen Tynan had a great influence on the formation of Ye Zhi's mysticism. Tainan is a talented poetess, and Ye Zhi was very close to her in her early years. It is under the influence of Tainan that Ye Zhi frequently participates in the activities of various mysterious organizations. Tainan admired Ye Zhi's talent all her life, but Ye Zhi gradually alienated her. Ye Zhi's mysticism is deeply influenced by Indian religion. In his later years, he even personally translated the Upanishads of Hinduism into English. The paranormal theory and supernatural meditation became the inspiration of Ye Zhi's later poetry creation. Some critics criticize the mysticism in Ye Zhi's poems, believing that it lacks preciseness and credibility. W·H· Auden sharply criticized Ye Zhi in his later years as "an exhibition of poor adults whose brains are occupied by witchcraft and Indian nonsense". However, it was during this period that Ye Zhi wrote many of his most immortal works. To understand the mystery of Ye Zhi's poems in his later years, we must understand the mysterious thinking system of his book Second Sight published in 1925. Today, people understand Ye Zhi's later poems by reading this book, but they don't think it is a religious or philosophical work. Ye Zhi met the young American poet Ezra Pound in London. In fact, Pound came to London in part to get to know this older poet. Pound thinks that Ye Zhi is "the only poet worthy of serious study". From 19 13 to 19 16, Ye Zhi and Pound spend every winter in the country house in Ashton Forest. During this period, Pound served as Ye Zhi's nominal assistant. However, when Pound revised some of his poems without Ye Zhi's permission and published them in Poetry magazine, the relationship between the two poets began to deteriorate. Pound's revision of Ye Zhi's poetry mainly reflects his hatred of the rhythm of Victorian poetry. However, soon, both poets began to miss the days when they learned from each other. In particular, what Pound learned from Ernest Fanor Rosa's widow about Japanese hedonism provided inspiration for Ye Zhi's upcoming aristocratic drama. Ye Zhi's first play, which imitated Japanese energy, was Eagle Well. He dedicated the first draft of this work to Pound in1916 65438+10.
The influence of modernism on Ye Zhi's poetic style is mainly reflected in the following aspects: with the passage of time, the poet gradually gave up the traditional poetic style in his early works, and his language style became more and more cold, and he directly cut into the theme. This style change is mainly reflected in his mid-term creation, including Seven Trees, Responsibility, Green Helmet and other series.
1923, Ye Zhi won the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was personally awarded by the King of Sweden. Two years later, he published a short poem "Rich Sweden" to express his gratitude. 1925, Ye Zhi published a painstaking prose work "Second Vision", in which he recommended the views of Plato, Brittany and several modern philosophers to prove his astrology, mysticism and historical theory. Shelley's poems have a great influence on Yeats. Later, Ye Zhi wrote in an article about Shelley: "I reread Prometheus Liberated. Among all the great works in the world, its position in my heart is far higher than I expected." Ye Zhi was also influenced by John O 'Leary, the leader of the famous Irish organization Fenia at that time. In his later years, the poet said Auryale was the most "charming old man" he had ever seen. "From Auryale's conversation and the Irish books he lent me or gave me, I realized my lifelong ambition." Under the introduction of Oreglia, Ye Zhi met Douglas Hyde and john tyler. Oriale established the Gaelic Union in 1893, dedicated to protecting and promoting the use of Irish.
In his eyes, "life is a process, just like poetry. When I was young, life was like a green tree with swaying branches and leaves, singing happily in the Xia Feng, happy but lacking the precipitation of thoughts; When you are old, your life is flourishing and dying, but your vigorous branches are closely connected with the earth through roots. This is your root. This understanding of life can only be truly understood at the end of life. And Ye Zhi is also a lifelong pursuit of love. Only one person loves your pilgrim's soul and the painful wrinkles on your aging face. " This is the most famous poem in Ye Zhi's When You Are Old, and it is also the most widely circulated poem, which expresses the unremitting pursuit of the actress Maud Gunn all her life.
In the early days, Ye Zhi was full of infinite yearning for the Muse, expressing the misfortune of love. He wrote: "there, time will forget us and sorrow will no longer come;" Soon we will be far away from the erosion of roses, lilies and starlight, as long as we are double Bai Niao, my dear, wandering in the waves. However, this pursuit is always so empty and romantic, and it has not yet assumed the pain and universal truth of enriching life. "
His poems, from the natural expression in the early days to the contemplation and conciseness in his later years, really completed the cultivation of ideology and art, as he said when he won the Nobel Prize in Literature: "Now I am old and sick, and my body is no longer worth looking after, but my muse is getting younger and younger." In his view, "there is nothing but the sun, but he has not escaped from reality and is uneasy about it." He knows very well that only by sticking a needle in the meat, threading a needle and being blinded by blood and tears can he go to God. In Sailing to Byzantium, Ye Zhi analyzed himself: "An aging old man is just a waste, a worn-out coat supported by a stick, unless the soul applauds every crack in his skin and sings louder. In pursuit of the truth, he is ruthless to himself and dares to expose his human weakness. "
In Ye Zhi, we have seen Dante's Divine Comedy, Goethe's Faust and Shakespeare's tragedy, and made unremitting efforts for the pursuit of truth. Ye Zhi didn't reach the heights of those great poets in the end. Auden, a great poet, said in mourning for Ye Zhi: "Ye Zhi practiced poetry hard and turned the curse into a vineyard"; Kafka said: "Everyone must produce the truth from his heart again and again, or he will wither. Ye Zhi pursued the truth all his life. Even if that is not the final truth, he has at least no regrets in his life. "