First, guide students to learn writing methods through reading teaching.
Reading is an indispensable link in composition teaching. In the era of middle school students who lack life experience, reading is the basic way for students to obtain composition examples, and it is also a shortcut to reserve writing materials. Mr. Mao Dun once said: A writer can deeply appreciate the benefits of conceiving, tailoring and shaping images by reading famous works from ancient times to modern times, which means that his appreciation ability is improving step by step; And the gradual increase in appreciation will in turn improve performance. Reading Chinese and foreign literary masterpieces and other related books can broaden students' horizons and knowledge, improve their appreciation ability, and enable students to master certain writing rules while accumulating vocabulary and writing materials. Composition teaching in middle school needs long-term efforts to reflect the effect, and it is also the enlightenment and critical period of students' composition. The new textbook pays more attention to unit integration, from the introduction before the unit to the text, and then to the composition training in the Chinese garden, all of which are arranged closely around the topic of the unit. It can be said that there are arrangements in front, bedding in the middle and implementation in the back. This provides a very favorable condition for students' sports training. Every time you learn a text, the teacher will guide the students to analyze how the author arranges the text and the characteristics and methods of writing. Understand how the author skillfully selects materials and how to write the object of description concretely and vividly. For example, when learning swallows, guide students to analyze this text and paint a vibrant spring scene around swallows. The full text is written in four natural paragraphs. First of all, the author outlines the lovely and smart appearance of swallows by line drawing. Then, he wrote, swallows blend into spring, adding infinite vitality to spring. Finally, he described the various flying postures of swallows when they stopped on the wire to show their dynamic and static beauty. Between the lines are praise for swallows, expressing praise for dazzling spring scenery! In this way, students can learn writing skills and improve their writing ability through persistent guidance and study.
Second, in the training of teaching practice, students can imitate appropriately and seek innovation in imitation.
Painting can start from copying, and students' practice can also start from imitation. In fact, each of us is consciously or unconsciously learning from other people's writing skills and methods, plus constant innovation and unique style. When instructing students to imitate writing, it is like giving them a crutch. They learn how to arrange articles and organize writing materials by groping slowly. In specific teaching methods, teachers can guide students to open their writing ideas from imitation by explaining and analyzing the text. Imitation refers to imitating its words (imitating some fine words and epigrams of the model essay), its style (imitating the layout, format, structure and writing ideas of the model essay) and its methods (imitating the observation methods and thinking methods of the model essay), rather than mechanical copying. After practice, students can draw inferences and train from different angles. It is an effective way to improve students' writing ability in the early stage of composition teaching. Students can learn how to write from reading, and the combination of reading and writing can improve their writing ability. For example, when instructing students to write about themselves. Let students learn how others introduce themselves and from what aspects, so as to inspire students' thinking, and students will understand that introducing themselves can be considered from the aspects of appearance, clothing, personality, hobbies, advantages and disadvantages. Guide students to introduce themselves to everyone, don't make things up. In addition, students can be encouraged to introduce themselves creatively, such as highlighting their own characteristics in one aspect or introducing themselves from multiple angles.
Third, strengthen the training of reading and reciting, and pay attention to accumulating language from sketching.
In the conception of the article, we should first study and accumulate carefully, then distinguish things to enrich our talents, then thoroughly understand things with our own life experience, and finally use the language properly through the training and promotion of our own feelings. This is the stage of achieving the integration of language ability and personal comprehensive quality. In the process of students' accumulation, reading notes, thoughts after reading, essays and excerpts from excellent paragraphs are all good accumulation methods. How important language accumulation is to writing. As long as the language accumulates to a certain amount, it is possible that ideas will flood and a hundred flowers will blossom. Otherwise, even if there are many things, it is rare to have a few words. As the saying goes, students who can write compositions also love reading. After reading the back, let the students turn some languages in the work into their own languages. Paying attention to the text is one of the requirements of the new curriculum standard, so that students can read a lot of extracurricular books, learn to extract beautiful words and wonderful fragments from books, and think about taste. Consolidate while accumulating, pay attention to accumulation, understand sentence patterns and rhetoric thoroughly, and achieve the purpose of applying what you have learned. Encourage students to try to use these good words and sentences in their own exercises. In the long run, students' writing language will become rich, concise, accurate and vivid. Moreover, there are many exercises after the text, such as reciting your favorite natural paragraphs and extracting good words and sentences. This is an excellent opportunity, and you must not miss it. Students' accumulation should be consolidated and strengthened through writing exercises. For example, after students have accumulated materials such as paragraphs and sentences describing characters, they should turn the accumulated information into their own through character writing exercises.
Fourth, focus on composition, trust students and take students as the main body.
Life and society are always flawed, and the driving force of life progress is to pursue perfection in a flawed life. The essence of educational art (in Ye Lan) is to discover, awaken, inspire and inspire. Due to the limitations of students' intelligence level, life experience, understanding level and expression ability, there are inevitably some shortcomings in students' work. We can't criticize and accuse blindly. After all, students are not writers, and we adults are not critics. We should understand that no matter how bad the composition is, there will be dazzling highlights. Even a beautiful sentence, a vivid word; Or a punctuation mark is used correctly, and a word is written better than before Especially in the primary stage of composition, you can't evaluate your students according to the requirements of senior three. In the process of homework, there are some problems such as unsatisfactory words and many typos. We should not be too hasty. We shouldn't criticize students' homework for no reason because of these problems. As long as students have the desire to write hard, they should be affirmed. Teachers make students understand and use it through explanation, analysis and demonstration. Take famous books or excellent articles as examples for writing training. Let the students finish learning and feel before writing, so as to take the composition as the center and not ignore the students' dominant position. There is a case in the human education class: "Making Tea" written by a student for the first time;
I put the tea leaves in the cup first, and then poured some hot water into the cup. Wow, hot water rolls up tea like a tornado. After a while, the tea leaves floated on the water one by one. Gee, one piece of tea fell, another piece of tea fell, and after a while, the other teas fell one by one.
The teacher gave this article four excellent stars and wrote her a comment: You have carefully observed it, and the teacher believes that you must have made your own tea, otherwise there will not be so many new discoveries. Congratulations! The teacher also found that your imagination is particularly rich. In your eyes, hot water turned into a terrible tornado, and tea scraps turned into lovely elves. However, the teacher has a little suggestion. If you observe the way tea leaves fall more carefully, the teacher believes that your article will be more exciting! Don't forget to let the teacher share the revision! Later, the students went home and made tea again. After revision, he wrote the following article:
I put the dried flat tea leaves into the cup first, and then pour some hot water into the cup. Wow, hot water rolls up tea like a tornado. The tea leaves fled to the mouth of the cup in a panic. After a while, the water calmed down. Tea leaves are lying lazily on the water. Take a closer look, ah, I was cheated! In fact, those teas are gulping water! They gained a lot of weight after drinking water, and some of them sank after drinking too much. Some fell like stones, and a few small pieces fell like snowflakes. Then, the tea began to be naughty. The boss learned that the diver jumped on his feet. The second child and the third child are more naughty than the boss, swishing down the cup wall. Old four was still a little sister, and accidentally fell, pressing on his eldest brother and buddies, and had a big fall.
It seems that only by respecting students' nature can the composition become the spring of mind outflow and the bud of individuality. In fact, as long as we quietly put down our shelves and squat down, we will find that the world in our eyes is equally wonderful. Squat down and return their long-lost innocence; Squat down and give the child a clear sky to fly childlike innocence. In the method of composition evaluation, we should take various measures to stimulate students' enthusiasm for writing, and we will not be stingy with our encouragement and praise. I believe students will have more confidence in writing.
Fifth, cultivate students' interest in homework and guide them to carry out colorful activities.
Interest is the best teacher. Cultivating students' interest in writing is the breakthrough of composition teaching, and students should have the desire and impulse to express themselves. In primary school students' composition teaching, writing training is often carried out in the early stage by using model essay and application theory. This teaching method can play a certain guiding and standardizing role, but it often ignores the status of students as the main body of writing, and does not let students really develop their ideas and get inspiration. It is not surprising that the articles written are crowded with people, the words are not satisfactory, and even off topic. Then practice must closely focus on students' familiar life, take people or things around them as the content of practice, and consciously organize students to carry out some activities, such as organizing China traditional culture exhibition activities, spring outing, visiting museums and so on. And do a good job in the corresponding sports training guidance, so that students have nothing to say and are ruthless. Teachers should properly guide students into life according to the actual situation, carefully understand and observe the surrounding life, pay attention to the experience and discovery of details, and then find the starting point and inspiration of writing through observation and integrate it into the article. Other people's life experiences also need teachers to find out through screening, summarize and analyze the representative good articles among students at each stage, and explain them to students in detail. In this way, students can refer to other people's expressions in their study, on the one hand, they can reflect their unique feelings in the article, on the other hand, they can pay attention to the structure and framework of the article, so as not to be loose and messy, but to be invisible. The writing of articles should start from students' subjective thinking, and through the careful guidance of teachers, the articles can gradually reflect students' excellent literary talent and rigorous structure, so that the contents reflected in the articles come from life and are higher than life.
Sixth, strengthen language expression and situational training.
Teachers strengthen the ability of training students to describe the actual situation through language by organizing practical activities and physical demonstrations. On the one hand, students can have real content and real feelings in class or in sports meetings and competitions held by schools, and writing articles can avoid the empty content caused by imagination. On the other hand, through oral and writing training, students can use various practical styles learned in textbooks, such as inter-school news, notices for finding things, letters, reports, applications, etc. Various forms are combined, from writing character notes and landscapes to reviewing topics and ideas, and then to divergent thinking and synthesis.
Seven, actively and skillfully use motivation theory to stimulate students' achievement motivation in writing.
Achievement motivation can stimulate people's enterprising spirit. Students all want to taste the joy of success with their own actions. Only by gaining this joy can they be inspired to act again. In composition teaching, experiencing and sharing writing success is the requirement of teaching implementation process under the new curriculum concept. From the teaching practice, students' pen practice often needs a process of digestion and thinking. It is unrealistic to ask students to complete a decent pen practice in just a few minutes in class, and even lead some students to perfunctory. Therefore, under the premise of not increasing students' burden, we can extend writing exercises to extracurricular activities, giving students more time to finish them carefully, and then teachers will evaluate and correct them afterwards, thus improving the effectiveness of students' writing exercises and making them successful. In Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote in Reading Random Thoughts: Last night, the riverside was full of spring water, and the boat was a drop in the ocean. It used to take a lot of effort to push it, but today it can move in the middle of water. Only by following the laws of water navigation can the great ship Meng Chong reach the realm of freedom. This also reflects a law. Teaching method is like the principle of sailing. When designing classroom practice, we need to guide students to express their wishes in the entry experience.
In a word, composition is actually the load of our true thoughts, the precipitation of our true feelings and the release of our true selves.