Author: Wang Wei
In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
Pheasant [sentence] wheat seedlings are embroidered, silkworm moths are sleeping, peeling mulberry leaves.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .
Precautions:
1, pheasant: pheasant.
2. Decline: There is a decline in The Book of Songs Hu Bugui. This shows that you have the intention of seclusion.
Translation:
The village is full of the afterglow of the sunset, and cattle and sheep are returning along the deep alleys.
The old man was thinking about his grandchildren who were eating grass. He waited in his firewood with a crutch.
Pheasants are chirping, wheat is heading, silkworms are asleep, and mulberry leaves are sparse.
The farmers returned to the village with hoes, smiling and reluctant to part.
How can I not envy being so comfortable? I couldn't help singing "Decline" in frustration.
Appreciate:
This poem is about the leisure of the Tian family. When the poet faced the sunset, the night fell, and the complacent Tian Jia came back to see the scenery late, he suddenly felt envious. ?
The first four sentences describe the leisure scene of Tian family at sunset. Write five or six sentences about agriculture. Seven or eight sentences about farmers' leisure. The last two sentences were written out of leisure and envy. The whole poem depicts the dusk scenery of villages in the early summer of Weihe River basin by line drawing, which is fresh, natural and poetic.
Weicheng district Wang Wei
Weicheng district
Don
Weicheng is drizzling,
The guest rooms are green and willow.
I advise you to drink more wine,
There is no reason to go out of Yangguan in the west.
Precautions:
1, Weicheng District: Another name is "Ji Yuan 20 An Xi", or "Yangguan District" or "Yangguan Triassic".
2. Weicheng: Located in the northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, the ancient city of Qin Dynasty. Osmium (y): moist.
3. Guest House: Hotel. Willow color: willow symbolizes parting.
4. Yangguan: In the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu, it has been the main road to the northwest frontier since ancient times.
5. Old friends: old friends
Poetic:
A spring rain in Weicheng morning moistened the faint dust.
The green willows around the guest house are particularly fresh.
An old friend invites you to another farewell bar,
There are no old friends outside Yangguan West Road.
Appreciate:
One of Bai Juyi's five poems on wine, he never refused to get drunk. Listen to the sentence in the fourth tone of Yangguan, and indicate that the fourth tone is to advise you to drink more wine. The reason why this poem of Wang Wei has another title "Three folds in the sunshine" is because when singing, the first sentence is not folded, and the other three sentences are sung again. But some people think that only the last sentence overlaps three songs. According to Bai Juyi's fourth tone, it should be that the first sentence does not overlap and the other three sentences overlap. Otherwise, a word of advice can't be the fourth sound. This poem expresses everyone's feelings of parting because of its simple language and vivid image. In the Tang Dynasty, it was compiled into "Three Layers of Yangguan" and later into Yuefu, which became a famous farewell song and spread through the ages.
Anxi is the abbreviation of Anxi Duhu, which was established by the central government in the Tang Dynasty to govern the western regions. Located in Qiuci City (now Kuqa, Xinjiang). The friend named Yuan went to Anxi on the orders of the imperial court. In the Tang Dynasty, most people who traveled westward from Chang 'an saw them off in Weicheng. Weicheng is in the northwest of Chang 'an, on the north bank of Weishui.
The first two sentences describe the time, place and atmosphere of farewell, creating a melancholy farewell atmosphere. In the morning, the Acropolis Guest House extends from east to west, and the postal road has no end. Willow trees surround the guest house and the postal road is on both sides. All this is a very common sight, but it is picturesque and lyrical. Yu Chao plays an important role here. The rain didn't last long in the morning, but it stopped as soon as it got wet. On the avenue starting from Chang 'an West, cars and horses crisscross on weekdays, and it is dusty. When I saw you off, the rain suddenly stopped, the weather was fine, and the road looked clean and refreshing. The word "light dust" means wet, and it is used in a measured way here, indicating that the rain clears the dust and is not wet, just right, as if it were God's will, and a light dust road has been specially arranged for people who travel far away. Hostel, originally a companion of travelers; Willow is a symbol of parting. Choosing these two things is the author's intention to say goodbye. They are usually associated with sadness and no hate, and show a fascinating emotion. However, at the moment, it has a clear and fresh appearance because of the rain shower in the morning. The guest rooms are green and willow. On weekdays, the roads are dusty, and the willow color along the road is often shrouded in gray dust and fog. It takes a rain to wash its green again, so it is new, and because of the new willow color, it reflects the green guest house. In a word, from clear skies to clean roads, from green guest houses to green willows, a picture with fresh and clear colors has been formed, which provides a typical natural environment for this farewell. This is a affectionate parting, but it is not a sad parting. Instead, it reveals a light and hopeful mood. Light dust, green, new and other words. There is a soft and bright rhyme, which enhances the reader's feeling.
There are strict restrictions on the length of quatrains. This poem, about how to hold a farewell banquet, how to raise glasses frequently at the banquet, how to say goodbye euphemistically, how to be reluctant to part with it, how to look forward and backward after boarding the ship, etc., was all given up, and only the host's toast was cut at the end of the farewell banquet: if you drink this cup again, you will never see your old friend again when you leave Yangguan. The poet, like a clever photographer, took the most expressive photos. The banquet lasted for a long time, and the wine full of special feelings was drunk too much. The words of polite farewell were repeated many times. The time for friends to go on the road is finally coming, and the feelings of farewell between host and guest have reached its peak at this moment. The toast blurted out by the host is the concentrated expression of the strong and profound farewell feeling at this moment.
Three or four farewell words are a whole. To deeply understand the deep affection contained in this parting exhortation, we have to go out to the west to go to Yangguan. Yangguan, located at the western end of Hexi Corridor, is opposite to Yumenguan in the north. Since the Han dynasty, it has been the channel for the mainland to go out of the western regions. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and there were frequent exchanges between the mainland and the western regions. Joining the army or going to Yangguan is a desirable feat in the eyes of the prosperous Tang people. But at that time, the western part of Yangguan was still poor and barren, and the scenery was very different from that of the mainland. It's a feat for a friend to go to the western world, but it takes a long journey to prepare for the hardships and loneliness of being poor. Therefore, when he left, he advised you to drink one more glass of wine, just like a cup of rich emotional nectar soaked all the rich and profound friendship of the poet. There is not only a feeling of parting, but also a deep concern for the traveler's situation and mood, and sincere wishes for the future. For the farewell party, persuading the other party to have another glass of wine is not only to let his friend take away more of his friendship, but also to delay the parting time intentionally or unintentionally and let the other party stay for a moment. Travellers are not the only ones who feel that there is no reason to go west to Yangguan. Parting, I have a lot to say, but I don't know where to start at the moment. On this occasion, there is often silence. Persuading you to do more with a glass of wine is not only a way to break this silence unconsciously, but also a way to express the rich and complicated feelings at the moment. What the poet has not said is much richer than what he has said. In short, although three or four sentences are only moments, they are extremely rich moments.
In the first two sentences of the poem, the author uses the technique of arousing interest, which is a common image in literary works to express the farewell feeling in the book of songs. The last two sentences put deep feelings such as farewell, concern and worry in the act of persuading wine. There is no reason for people to go out of Yangguan in the west. In a word, the place where friends go is strange, and in another word, there are few people there. Friends in three words are hard to find without each other. In this way, the preciousness of friendship, the helplessness of parting, and the concern of friends are all contained in the cup. The so-called farewell is long and sincere. Li Dongyang in Ming Dynasty said in Lu Tang Shi Hua: When writing a poem, you should not believe in words, but express your meaning in words. Words can convey meaning, songs can be sung and passed down. Wang Mo said that there was no reason for Yangguan people, and no one knew it before the prosperous Tang Dynasty. When this remark came out, it was not enough for a while, and it was a three-fold song. After the farewell, a thousand words can hardly exceed the meaning. It can be said that.
Wangwei Weicheng District
Weicheng district
Author: Wang Wei
The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf
Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west.
Precautions:
1, Weicheng: Xianyang, now Xi 'an, Shaanxi.
2. Hehe: Moisturize.
3. Guest House: Hotel.
4, willow color: willow symbolizes parting.
5. yangguan: the name of the ancient customs is in the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. Because it is in the south of Yumenguan, it is called Yangguan, which is the only place to go out.
Translation:
A spring rain in Weicheng morning moistened the faint dust.
The green willows around the guest house are particularly fresh.
An old friend invites you to another farewell bar,
There are no old friends outside Yangguan West Road.
Appreciate:
This is a famous farewell song. One topic is "Send Yuan and Two Stones to Anxi". To Anxi, you must pass through Yangguan, which is Dunhuang, Gansu. The first two paragraphs of the poem indicate the season, place and scenery of farewell; Three or four farewell words. The first two sentences create a melancholy atmosphere of farewell, and the last two sentences are written diligently to persuade wine to leave love. This poem was later compiled into Yuefu, widely read and became a famous farewell song. Or "Yangguanqu" or "Yangguansan Brothers". There is a sentence in Bai Juyi's Five Poems on Wine: Don't refuse to get drunk when you meet. Listening to the fourth sentence of Yangguan shows that the fourth voice is to advise you to pour another glass of wine. The so-called "three folds in the sun" is because when singing, the first sentence is not folded, and the other three sentences are sung again. But some people think that only the last sentence overlaps three songs. According to Bai Letian's fourth tone, it should be that the first sentence does not overlap and the other three sentences overlap. Otherwise, a word of advice can't be the fourth sound.
Yongtianjia
Sell new silk in February and cut new grain in May.
Cured the sore in front of me, but dug out my heart.
I hope the king's heart will turn into a bright candle.
Not according to the resumption of the front banquet, but according to the escape room.
translate
In February, as soon as the silkworm was born, it sold new silk one year ahead of schedule.
In May, Miao was still in the field and sold to Xingu one year ahead of schedule.
All you care about at the moment is treating the sore and gouging out the meat from your heart.
I hope the king's heart can become a bright candle.
Don't light up the rich family banquet in satin,
But only to look after the huts of runaway farmers who have no food or clothes.
Make an appreciative comment
Yong Tian Jia is Nie's masterpiece, and it is also an artistic masterpiece in poetry creation in the late Tang Dynasty. In the poem, vivid metaphors and sharp contrasts are used to angrily accuse farmers of all kinds of usury, expressing the poet's deep sympathy for farmers in the late Tang Dynasty. After this poem came out, it was highly valued by the late Tang Dynasty. According to Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips, Feng Dao, the prime minister at that time, read this poem in the court when he told Li Siyuan, the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty, about the sufferings of peasants.
The first four sentences of the poem are the first layer, which mainly describes the cruel usury exploitation and the pain of gouging out the heart and cutting the meat. "New silk is sold in February and new grain is harvested in May", which describes the tragic situation that farmers are forced to borrow money because of the lack of green crops. Silkworms were not started in February, and rice was still in its infancy in May. The poor farmers are forced to make a living and need help badly, so they have to use the future Xinsi Hegu as collateral and borrow usury. February and May are very early, which shows that the peasants are at the end of their tether. "Selling" and "selling" just keep it from coming out, which profoundly reflects the bitterness, blood and tears and incomparable pain of farmers. The sentence "Cure the sore in front of your eyes, but gouge out your heart" vividly reveals the cruel exploitation essence of usury in a metaphorical way. It is a last resort to gouge out the life-threatening "heart meat" to treat the immediate toxic sore, and the consequences are even more unimaginable. Old wounds have not healed, and poverty is accompanied by death, which is a high generalization and vivid portrayal of the despair of farmers at that time.
The last four sentences of the poem are the second layer, which mainly express the mind, express the poet's hopes and ideas for solving the growing social contradictions, and send out a deep sneer at the "monarch". The poet pinned the hope of resolving contradictions on "Wang", which reflected the limitations of the author's era and class, and also profoundly revealed the personal interests represented by the supreme ruler "Wang" in feudal society from another side. The "candle" in The King only illuminates the landlords, gentry and powerful officials, but its light can't reach the fleeing farmers, implicitly and sharply ridiculing the ruthlessness of The King to Li Shu, so that readers can think about the real culprit of intensifying social contradictions through the dark social reality.
The reason why this poem is recited by people is not only that it reproduces the dark reality of feudal society with a high degree of generality, reflects the painful life of farmers, and is highly ideological, but also because of its superb performance skills.
First of all, the metaphor of image and high generalization make the capacity of poetry broader. The poet did not understand that farmers were forced to borrow usury and its more painful consequences, but compared it to "gouging out their hearts" and "curing the immediate sore" It will only create a more serious new situation if it does not fundamentally cure the poison. In this way, it is vivid and highly generalized to use usury to compare farmers and help them solve their urgent needs. This metaphor, on the one hand, makes the image of poetry reasonable, on the other hand, it also profoundly reveals the essence of the problem, so that the limited form accommodates infinitely broad and profound social content.
Secondly, it vividly depicts the difference between the rich and the poor in feudal society by using sharp contrast. "Don't press the front banquet, but press the secret room to escape" is the hope for the "king", but it contains the meaning of double contrast. From the perspective of "Wang", kindness is uneven, caring only for the rich and not for the poor. This contrast clearly shows the class status of "king" to readers; From the social reality, on the one hand, rich and powerful people wear gorgeous clothes and feast, on the other hand, they are naked, hungry, poor and bankrupt, and fleeing abroad. This contrast highlights the serious consequences of landlords and rich families exploiting farmers with usury. This image contrast also gives the author a vivid contrast between love and hate.
In addition, the language of this poem is quite simple and popular, and the feelings are sincere and touching, which fully shows Nie Zhongyi's skill in controlling language and feelings.
The quatrains of ancient poetry are so classic, concise and full of infinite feelings. Want to see more quatrains and ancient poems? Please enjoy the Tanabata poems in early Sichuan.