Li Shangyin’s poems are rich in content and he has a wide range of teachers. He inherited Qu Yuan’s sustenance technique of Vanilla Beauty, Ruan Ji’s far-reaching and unpredictable style, Du Fu’s spirit of concern for the country and his melancholy poetic style. , the majesty of Han Yu, the coldness and beauty of Li He, the exquisite craftsmanship and beauty of the poems of the Six Dynasties, and the freshness and beauty of folk songs.
① Carefully conceived and deeply emotional. He rarely expresses his feelings directly and avoids straightforward language. He uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other techniques in his poems, creating a characteristic of lingering pauses, careful and deep music. Precise parallelism, delicate language, and graceful melody. The appearance is particularly beautiful, but the meaning is often obscure. In "Jin Se", the poet borrows a lot of allusions such as Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies, cuckoo's cry of blood, tears in the sea, and smoke from fertile fields. He adopts the metaphorical technique and uses association and imagination to transform the auditory feelings into visual images, using fragmentary images. The combination creates a hazy realm, thereby using visible and perceptible poetic images to convey his sincere, intense and mysterious deep thoughts.
② He is good at using allusions, is precise and precise, and is not explicit, which can make people think more. For example, in "An Ding Tower", the author expresses his feelings of frustration and loss, "Jia Sheng was young. "I feel weak and shed tears, Wang Can travels farther when spring comes." The comparison between these two ancients in the poem seems both implicit and appropriate. "I don't know what it's like to be a rotten rat, but the race of the young birds is still going on." I borrow Zhuangzi's fable to warn some people not to make unreasonable suspicions, thus showing their disdain for fame and fortune. The flexible use of allusions has a better effect than expressing one's feelings directly. Poets can express more ideological content through allusions, which is something that cannot be done by expressing one's feelings directly.
③ Refine words and phrases, and work hard at making sentences. Li Shangyin's poetic language is concise and rich. He not only focuses on refining content words, selecting function words, and using repeated words, but also pays attention to the coloring and processing of idioms, allusions, and folk proverbs and dialects, making the poetic language novel and rich in connotation. The use of overlapping words in "Xiangwan" "The flowers are shy and the willows are slightly sad" creates a realm of sound, color and emotion. In addition, Li Shangyin's poems have a large number of exquisite and elegant famous sentences handed down in later generations. Such as "It is difficult to say goodbye when we meet", "Spring silkworms will die when they die, and wax torches will turn to ashes and dry up with tears" and so on.
④ In short, Li Shangyin's poems are beautiful and sometimes melancholy, swaying but not heavy. The rich and profound ideological content and the tortuous expression form achieve a perfect and harmonious unity, forming a unique style of "affectionate and gentle", elegant and refined. With its deep and euphemistic meaning, exquisite diction and hazy aesthetic pursuit, it has become The development of lyric poetry opened up a new world, made important contributions to the development of classical poetry and later generations of lyrics and music, and had a profound impact.