The evaluation of Du Fu by poetry 1. On Du Fu's Evaluation Poems
Du Fu's poem "There are Sixty Volumes" has long been lost.
In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu collected 1405 volumes and compiled them into 18 volumes, which was named "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian edited The Collection of Du Gongbu.
Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at random, trying to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors.
Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. His poems are good at antique and rhythmic poems, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills.
Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been celebrated through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu's works are called human scars and sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
Rhyme plays an extremely important role in Du Fu's poems. The achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems lies in expanding the scope of expression of metrical poems.
He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, banquets and landscapes with his poems, but also writes about current events with his poems. It is difficult to write current affairs with metrical poems, but Du Fu can use them freely.
Du Fu writes metrical poems freely, changes as much as he can, conforms to the law without seeing the shackles of metrical poems, and is in neat opposition without seeing the traces of antithesis. For example, there is such a poem in Yang Lun's Ascending the Mountain, which is called "The Seven-character Law of Du Ji": "There is a flurry in the sky, apes crow and birds crow, blue lakes and white sands, and birds crow at home.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. "[19] The whole poem is very precise and elegant in tone sentence patterns.
Eight sentences are all right, so is the first sentence. Strict antithesis is concealed by the fluency of the image, and strictness becomes sparse.
The highest achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems can be said to be that this style is fluent and makes people forget that it is a metrical poem as soon as they are written. Such as "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The wild trails and clouds are all black, the rivers and boats are bright, the red and wet places are seen at dawn, and the flowers in Jinguan City are heavy. "
The last four sentences use flowing water to write down the charm of spring rain in one breath, unexpectedly and silently, and at the end, write down a surprise that suddenly looks back, which is rigorous and seamless. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them.
Du Fu's thought of paying attention to people's livelihood and his achievements in rhythmic poetry directly influenced the creation of new Yuefu by Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others in the middle Tang Dynasty. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style.
His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focuses on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetic art..
The Song Dynasty, full of social contradictions, was the most prosperous time to learn from Du Fu, and the Jiangxi Poetry School with Du Fu as the Sect appeared. Gu and others in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties also had an obvious tendency to learn from Du Fu and Fu. They reflected the anti-Qing struggle at that time with metrical poems and were impassioned.
Du Fu's poems received extensive attention after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Lu You spoke highly of Du Fu.
Textual research data for nearly a thousand years, the wind of governing Du Fu has been endless. There are many books about the chronology, classification and annotation of Du Fu's poems in Song Dynasty, such as Du Gongbu Collection, Jiu Zi Du's Poems Collection, Poems Annotation of Du Gongbu Caotang by Lu Bian, Poems Collection by Cai Mengbi and Poems Collection by Du Gongbu by Xu. Among them, the two banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army, Wang Chun and Jue Jue Jue are representative works.
There are more than 100 kinds of comments on Du Ji by later generations, among which Du Gongbu's Notes on Du Ji, Qiu's Detailed Notes on Du Shi, Yang Lun's Jing Quan of Du Shi and Pu Qilong's Interpretation are widely circulated. There are biographies of Du Fu in both old and new Tang books.
After the Song Dynasty, there were a lot of words to comment and explain Du Fu's poems. Tang and Song Dynasties were edited by Zhonghua Book Company, 1964.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Siyou had Du Yi, who kept Du Shi Shuo. In addition, Zhonghua Book Company also compiled the more important papers since the May 4th Movement into "Essays on Du Fu Studies".
Biographies and new research monographs include Feng Zhi's Biography of Du Fu, Xiao Difei's Study of Du Fu, Fu Gengsheng's On Du Fu's Poetry and Zhu Dongrun's On Du Fu's Narrative. More detailed chronicles include Wen Yiduo's Notes on Mr. Shaoling's Chronology and Du Fu's Chronology of Sichuan Institute of Literature and History Research.
Introduction: Du Fu (AD 7 12- AD 770), a native of Han nationality, Xiangyang and Gongxian, Henan. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai.
In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry".
Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells.
In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, resulting in China literature and Japanese literature.
2. Evaluate Du Fu's poems
On the gloomy artistic style of Du Fu's poems Du Fu is one of the greatest poets in ancient China, and his poetry creation has reached the highest level of realism in the history of poetry.
He is a great master in the history of China's poetry. Du Fu was born in a Confucian family. When he was young, he accepted the traditional Confucian thought of self-cultivation and family harmony, and devoted himself to "being gentle and obedient to the monarch, and then being vulgar and clear" (Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng). However, the cruel reality shattered his dream. Under the manipulation of the traitor Li, Tianbao's six-year senior high school entrance examination ended in disgrace in the name of "Wild Wind", which caused the aspiring poet to lose face and fall behind Chang 'an.
A few years later, the "An Shi Rebellion" made the poet suffer from chaos again. The thief Chang 'an witnessed the scene of national subjugation, and appreciated the trauma brought to people's hearts by the vicissitudes of life. Since then, the poet moved to the southwest and died of poverty.
Du Fu always cares about the future and destiny of the country and the nation, the living conditions of the people, and conveys the suffering of an era and the conscience and courage of a Confucian with songs full of blood and tears. His poetry is unique in the history of China literature with its unique style of "depression and frustration", which has left a deep impression on people.
Depression is a description of Du Fu's early creative style. He said in "Entering the Carving Form": "Although I don't preach the Six Classics first, I am always depressed and agile, but Yang Xiong and Gao Mei are no less than others." Later, when he experienced the war, suffered the hardships and hardships of the people, and showed unbearable sadness in his poems, and his creation became more and more mature, he summed up his poetic style with "depression and frustration".
Depression, deep and stagnant on the surface, is characterized by rhythmic ups and downs and twists and turns. It involves the internal structure and external structure of poetry, the heavy fullness in the internal structure and the controlled turbulence and elasticity in the external structure.
Among them, depression refers to the deep meaning of literary thinking, and cadence refers to the cadence of intonation; And "depressed" has another meaning of depression, which has the characteristics of deep anger, internalization of latent qi, cadence and rigorous meter. A gloomy and profound emotional connotation Du Fu's life is a life of wandering and falling down. "Suffering" became synonymous with his life. However, Du Fu did not indulge in personal misfortune, but conveyed the heaviness and sadness of that era with Confucian conscience and courage, and reflected the characteristics of that era with deep grief and indignation.
(1) Description of a Difficult Society Du Fu was born in a Confucian family that has been passed down from generation to generation. He has developed the excellent quality of caring about society and life. With a heavy heart of grief and indignation, he described a "difficult society". When Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an, he was trapped in the dilemma of "selling medicine in the city and sending food to relatives and friends", so he felt the hidden crisis under the surface prosperity of the Tang Dynasty empire from the disaster brought to the people by Xuanzong's invasion of the military country.
His "Military Vehicle Shop" conveys people's aversion to endless wars with a heavy sigh. "We remember that others were sent to the north to guard rivers when they were fifteen years old, and were sent to western farming farms when they were forty years old. When they set out to return to the frontier, the mayor wrapped a headscarf for them." Infantry was also used to "You didn't see Han families, Shandong, 200 States and thousands of villages, and nothing grew except weeds. Even if a healthy woman hoes pears, the furrows in the east and the west are broken? The accusation of blood and tears reveals the great damage that the frontier war has brought to the economy in the rear area. Between the lines, it conveys the author's deep sympathy for the people who have suffered from war and his deep doubt about the value of war.
"They run after you, crying, they pull your sleeve and cry to the sky", tragic voice, huge tragic scene, shocking. Especially for the family members, the scene of crying at the foot of the clothes was outlined in a few minutes, and a lot of yellow dust was rendered. When you read it, you will feel the noise of cars, neighing horses and people shouting, which will converge into a chaotic noise in your ear.
Poetry summarizes the tragic scene of people's separation caused by how many times the rulers collected taxes by refining several typical details, which is full of deep sorrow and anger. His "Climbing the Cien Temple Tower with a Gentleman" directly foresees that "Mount Tai is suddenly broken and cannot be found. "
Looking down and angry, how to argue huangzhou? It seems that the Tang dynasty has been broken, and the stormy days are just around the corner, giving people a heavy feeling. The outbreak of "An Shi Rebellion" brought great disaster to society and people's life. The poet feels sorry for his country and people! He always pays attention to social changes and records this social disaster.
Sad Chen Tao is a poem that records Tang Jun's encounter with An Shi Rebellion. At the beginning of the poem, it is summarized as the tragic situation on the battlefield: "A good family in ten counties in Mengdong, and blood in the water in Chen Taoze", pointing out that it is the good people who fought bravely for their country and gave their blood on the battlefield. Their blood dyed Chen Taoze red, and the whole army was wiped out, which made vilen seem particularly empty and the world particularly lonely. "Wild and quiet" is not because life is calm and peaceful, but because "40 thousand rebels died on the same day"
This poem, in the sad atmosphere of heaven and earth, reproduces the major setbacks encountered by the Tang Dynasty in the equal judgment, which has both strong generalization and tragic artistic aesthetic taste. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are a group of representative Yuefu poems that reflect the real situation of civil strife in the Tang Dynasty.
In the second year of Qianlong, Tang Jun besieged the Anshi Rebellion in Yecheng. Due to Su Zong's suspicion of Guo Ziyi's army, there was no unified command, which led to the defeat of Tang Bing in Yecheng. "The soldiers in Tokyo were frightened and scattered into the valley. Cui Yuan, Yin and others stayed behind, and came to the south to save Deng, and all the festivals were returned to the cities. Soldiers are plundered and officials cannot stop. "
But the truth is far more than that. Actually.
Due to the defeat of Yecheng, Tang Jun's troops dropped sharply, so we must replenish them as soon as possible. Therefore, Su Zongchao began to recruit without restraint and discipline. The foot soldiers and officials caught Dinti everywhere, regardless of gender, age and age, but there were all of them, and they became the targets of recruitment. At that time, people were worried, disturbing the people and harming the people was very serious.
At this time, the poet was returning from Luoyang to his residence in Huazhou. He heard and witnessed the painful scene of people's death after the fiasco in Yecheng, thus reflecting the cruel reality with a high degree of refinement and generalization. This group of poems is either about officials clamoring for middle-aged men (Xin 'an Official) or about women being caught in the middle of the night (Shi Haoguan).
3. How to evaluate Du Fu's poems?
1. Evaluation: Du Fu is middle-aged, and his poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his depressed poetic style and his concern for the country and the people. His poems are good at antique and rhythmic poems, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been celebrated through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are called human scars and sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
2. Introduction: Du Fu (AD 7 12- AD 770), with beautiful words, Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and his ancestral home was Xiangyang. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's poem "There are Sixty Volumes" has long been lost. In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu collected 1405 volumes and compiled them into 18 volumes, which was named "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian edited The Collection of Du Gongbu. Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at random, trying to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
4. Du Fu's rhyme and its evaluation
Where is the famous prime minister's office in Shu? In a pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats! When visitors come to Du Fu, I am in the north and I am in the south. Spring water is flooding, and I only see seagulls day after day. The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
Too far away from the city, too far away from good food, too thin family background, only old wine. Shall we call my old neighbor to join us and call the rest of the cups through the fence? Xiyue Sanzhai is snow-white, and the south lake water shines on the long bridge.
After years of war in China, several brothers have been unable to hear from each other; It's a long way from each other, and I'm the only one, right? I have nothing to look forward to now except my old illness. I am of no use to my country, less than a speck of dust.
I rode to the edge of town. I observe the chaos of the world on the horizon day after day! Both sides of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army. Du Fu Xun is in this distant west station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
In the green spring, I began to go home, sing my songs loudly and drink my wine! Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . Gordon Du Fu sobbed from the vast sky in the gale, and birds flew home on the clear lake and white beach.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. Du Fu's flowers are as high as my window, which hurts the wanderer's heart, because from this height, I feel sad everywhere.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. Although the country has been established for a while, it is as strong as the North Star, and thieves dare not go out of the Western Hills! However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain.
Fu Su Du Fu's autumn night is cold. Under the buttonwood tree in this courtyard, I lie alone in the water town. I looked at my extinguished candle. I heard the lonely sound of the horn in the darkness, and the moon was in the sky, but no one shared it with me? My messenger was dispersed by the vortex of rain and sand, and the gate was closed to a traveler; The mountain is the wall on my road.
However, I endured a miserable life for ten years and found a perch and a twig here. It is safe tonight. Ge Ye Du Fu's winter days are shortened on the elemental scale, and the cold hovering nights are dyed white by ice and snow.
Stark sounded the fifth watch, drums and horns rang, and stars and Tianhe danced on three mountains. I heard women crying after the battle in the distance, and I saw savage fishermen and woodcutters at dawn.
Sleeping dragons and galloping horses are not generals now. They are dust, be quiet for a while, oh, the noise of the world. I, Du Fu, the hometown of poetry, are hanging alone in the northeast and wandering between the southwest and the world. Wandering in the towers and terraces of the Three Gorges, Wuxi Clothes Yunshan.
The barbarian who finally serves the ruler is unreliable, and the wandering poet laments that the times have no chance to come back. Yu Xin's life is the most miserable, and his poems in his later years caused a sensation in the north and south of the country.
Du Fu's Decline: I am well aware of Song Yu's misery, romance and elegance. He is also my teacher. Sad to see a thousand autumn, a tear, melancholy in different times, not at the same time.
His old home between mountains and rivers-empty works, empty sex platform-is certainly not imagined in the dream? ! The palaces of Chu were all destroyed, and the fishermen who showed them today are not sure. Du Fu, with thousands of mountains and valleys near Jingmen, grew up in a village where girls were raised.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk. Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? In the moonlight, her soul tinkled back.
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness. Du Fu, the ruler of Shu, has been paying attention to Wu, and has been developing to the Three Gorges. In the year of his death, he was also in Yong 'an Palace.
The blue-green flag on the empty mountain can be imagined, and the Jade Temple is a void in the empty temple. On the pine trees in the ancient temple, water cranes nest. In summer and winter festivals, the people who come are the elders of the village.
Wuhou Temple is nearby, and the monarch and ministers share the sacrifices. Du fu and Zhuge's prestige transcends the earth, and there is only reverence for his face.
In order to plan the strategy of the world, generations seem to be Luan Feng's Luan Feng. Yi Yin and Lv Shang are neck and neck, and their command of military operations is calm, which makes Xiao He Cao Can far behind.
The succession of the Han dynasty was due to luck. Although Zhuge Liang was difficult to revive, he was determined and devoted himself to the busy military. Du Fu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life, among which the famous ones are Three Officials, Three Farewells, Chedian, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Two Roads, Spring Hope and so on.
Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The drunken road in Zhumen froze to death!" This immortal poem has been remembered by the people of China for generations. "Dare to love death when saving, and be afraid when you are lonely!" This is the full expression of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, and it is also the reason why his poems are so popular.
Du Fu's patriotic hot pillow is also very rich in his masterpieces such as Spring Hope and Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the broad masses of people who endured all kinds of pains, and even showed readers his childlike innocence of patriotism and love for the people.
Out of love for the motherland and the people, it is bound to have a strong hatred for the extravagant and dissolute face of the ruling class and the crimes that bring disaster to the country and the people. This point has been vividly demonstrated in the immortal masterpieces "Car Shop" and "Two Ways".
A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is bound to be expressed in other ways. Some of Du Fu's poems about things and scenery, even those about couples, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people.
In a word, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely extensive social reality with the positive spirit of joining the WTO. No matter what kind of sinister situation, he didn't lose heart. In the long history of China literature, the cognitive function, reference function, educational function and aesthetic function of Du Fu's poems are unattainable.
The greatest artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is that poets often hide their subjective feelings in objective descriptions and let things impress readers themselves. For example, in Two Ways, the poet did not directly reprimand Yang's brother and sister for their debauchery, but the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from their specific descriptions of clothes and diet.
Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities.
When portraying characters, he is particularly good at grasping details, such as a passage about his wife and children in the Northern Expedition. Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration.
The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables. All these have established Du Fu's supreme position as a "poet saint" in China's literary history of more than 3,000 years.
5. Du Fu's poems and comments on Du Fu's words, kneel down and beg.
The Origin of Du Fu's Poetic Sage
If the title of "poetic history" is evaluated from the historical value of Du Fu's works, then "poetic sage" is a comprehensive evaluation and is supreme in the field of poetry. Du Fu was officially called "Poet Saint" in Chen Xianzhang in the early Ming Dynasty. However, the concept of respecting Du Fu as a saint in poetry dates back to the Tang and Song Dynasties.
First of all, it was Yuan Zhen in the Tang Dynasty who made a comprehensive evaluation of Du Fu's creation, and the conclusion reached was the highest position. In his epitaph for Du Fu, he once said, ". If you think you can do anything and you can't do anything, then since the poet, no one has been as beautiful as a child. " In this respect, the concept of Qin in Song Dynasty was further promoted. He compared Du Fu with Confucius in On Han Yu: ". Du Zimei's poems are the best among many, and they are well written. . Confucius, even in the sacred time. Confucius called it a masterpiece. Alas, Du Xing. It is also a poet and poet. " "Mastery" is the praise of ancient Confucianism for evaluating Confucius' summary and arrangement of China culture, and it is the reason of so-called saints. Although Qin Guan has not called Confucius a poet, he has compared Du Fu to a master of poetry.
Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The drunken road in Zhumen froze to death!" This immortal poem has been remembered by the people of China for generations. "Dare to love death when saving, and be afraid when you are lonely!" This is the full expression of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, and it is also the reason why his poems are so popular. Du Fu's patriotic hot pillow is also very rich in his masterpieces such as Spring Hope and Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the broad masses of people who endured all kinds of pains, and even showed readers his childlike innocence of patriotism and love for the people. Out of love for the motherland and the people, it is bound to have a strong hatred for the extravagant and dissolute face of the ruling class and the crimes that bring disaster to the country and the people. This point has been vividly demonstrated in the immortal masterpieces "Car Shop" and "Two Ways". A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is bound to be expressed in other ways. Some of Du Fu's poems about things and scenery, even those about couples, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people. In a word, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely extensive social reality with the positive spirit of joining the WTO. No matter what kind of sinister situation, he didn't lose heart. In the long history of China literature, the cognitive function, reference function, educational function and aesthetic function of Du Fu's poems are unattainable.
The greatest artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is that poets often hide their subjective feelings in objective descriptions and let things impress readers themselves. For example, in Two Ways, the poet did not directly reprimand Yang's brother and sister for their debauchery, but the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from their specific descriptions of clothes and diet.
Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities.
Du Fu's poems are especially good at describing details when depicting characters, such as a passage describing his wife and children in the Northern Expedition.
Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration. The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables.