Luo Zhihui
Teaching objectives
1. Through reading aloud, you can feel Mao Zedong's revolutionary mission and great ambition of taking the world as his own responsibility.
2. Through comparative reading, we can understand the expression of poetry and grasp the theme of poetry.
3. Be able to recite these two words and accumulate related famous sentences in Mao Zedong's poems.
Teaching design: comparative reading method.
Put Mao Zedong's Chun Xue in the Garden and Ma Zhiyuan's Yuanqu "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" together, the teacher can prompt the comparison angle, and the students form a study group to compare the similarities and differences between the two texts as much as possible through cooperative exploration.
Course arrangement 2 class hours
teaching process
In the first lesson,
First, solve the problem.
Today, let's learn Qinyuanchun Changsha. Qinyuanchun is a epigraph. According to legend, Princess Qinshui Garden, the daughter of Emperor Hanming of the East, was later seized by Dou Xian, a consort. Someone wrote a poem for this purpose, hence the inscription. It seems that there is either a touching story or a specific meaning behind each epigraph name. Interested students can study the origin of two aphorisms, Huanxisha and Yulinling, after class. Changsha is the topic.
Second, the classification of poetry.
1. According to time and age: ancient poetry and modern poetry.
① Ancient poetry
Ancient poetry can be divided into classical poetry (also known as "ancient style"), modern poetry (also known as "metrical poetry"), ci and qu (which belong to metrical poetry).
Classical poetry: all poems except metrical poems, quatrains, words and songs. Such as four-character poems, Yuefu poems, literati five-character poems, ancient styles and miscellaneous poems. The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Li Bai's Chivalry, Bai Juyi, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Xing, etc. ), "Song, Xing and Yin" are respectively a genre of ancient poetry. Such as "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home", Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" and Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream".
Modern poetry: that is, metrical poetry, quatrains, also known as modern poetry, is relative to ancient poetry. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, stereotypes prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Each poem has five laws (five characters) and seven laws (seven characters). First couplet (one or two sentences), parallel couplet (three or four sentences), neck couplet (five or six sentences) and tail couplet (seven or eight sentences), parallel couplet and neck couplet must be couplets. Each quatrain has five quatrains (five characters) and seven quatrains (seven characters), and two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be played or not, and it usually rhymes in the end.
Ci is a new poetic style, which was produced in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, popular in the middle Tang Dynasty, developed in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and achieved success in the Song Dynasty. Words are also called long and short sentences (the number and length of sentences vary) and poems (developed from poems). According to the length of words, words can be divided into monotonous (also called Xiao Ling, which is generally considered to be within 58 words), midrange (generally divided into upper and lower gaps, 58-96 words) and long tone (more than 96 words, more than three gaps). Words have epigrams, and the rhythm and rhyme of each word are strictly defined.
Qu: Sanqu, which is divided into "Xiao Ling" and "Ji Shu". It is a new poetic style gradually formed in the Song and Jin Dynasties. The biggest difference between Qu and Ci is that Qu can add lines to the specified number of words, thus increasing the vividness of language and expressing thoughts and feelings more freely and flexibly.
(2) Modern poems-including modern vernacular poems (new poems) and poems written in old-style meter (such as "Seven Laws Long March" [Qinyuanchun] and "Snow").
2. According to the means of expression: narrative poetry, lyric poetry and philosophical poetry.
3. According to the content:
Poems about things, farewell poems and poems about people, epic poems (allegorical poems), scenery poems, in my heart forever poems (poems about missing women), impromptu poems, frontier poems and love poems.
Third, about words.
The word 1. rose in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. It was sung with music and irregular sentences, also known as long and short sentences. Ci was originally called "Quci" or "Quci", accompanied by music. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry". Epigraph: It is the name of the word format, also called the tone of the word. A epigraph has certain rules, and different epigraphs have different specifications in terms of the number of paragraphs, sentences, rhythm, words, sentence patterns and the rules of each sentence. The author fills in according to this specification, which is called "lyrics". The characters are divided into minor (less than 58 words), alto (59-90) and long (more than 90 words). Qinyuanchun is a long tune, divided into two parts, also known as double tones. The inscription is usually a title at first, but later it only expresses a certain format, which has nothing to do with the content, so the author marks the title "Changsha" separately.
2. Mao Zedong, whose real name is Runzhi and whose pen name is Zi Ren. 1893 12.26 was born in a peasant family in Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan, Hunan. 1976 passed away in Beijing on September 9th. China people's leader, Marxist, great proletarian revolutionist, strategist, theorist, main founder and leader of China Production Party, China People's Liberation Army and People's Republic of China (PRC), poet and calligrapher.
3. Writing background: (Keywords: "May 30th Movement", Changsha)
(1) "May 30th Movement": A great national revolutionary storm broke out due to the anti-British and anti-Japanese strike of Shanghai workers in May 1925. On May 15, Japanese cotton mill capitalists shot and killed party member worker Gu Zhenghong. On May 30th, Shanghai workers and students held a demonstration in the Shanghai Concession to help the workers in the cotton mill. The British patrol in Shanghai Concession shot and killed a large number of workers and students demonstrating on Nanjing Road, which aroused great indignation of people in Shanghai and even the whole country. In the next few days, Shanghai workers, students and citizens continued to hold demonstrations against imperialism's shooting of China people, and were constantly shot by police in Britain, the United States and Japan. Workers, students and businessmen went on strike all over Shanghai. After the May 30th Movement was launched, it quickly spread to all parts of the country, forming a nationwide anti-imperialist struggle. Workers, students and citizens in various cities held anti-imperialist demonstrations, strikes, and strikes, and launched a nationwide (including rural) large-scale boycott of British and Japanese goods. The largest and most influential of these struggles is the general strike of workers in Hong Kong and Guangzhou-"Guangdong-Hong Kong general strike". Because the Guangdong revolutionary government at that time supported the anti-imperialist struggle of the striking workers and people, the "provincial and port strike" lasted 16 months.
(2) Changsha: Changsha is the place where Mao Zedong directly led the Hunan peasant movement, established the peasant association and founded the party branch.
1925 10, Mao Zedong set up a national peasant movement workshop from Shaoshan to Guangzhou, passing through Changsha and revisiting Orange Island. In the face of gorgeous autumn colors, Chairman Mao recalled the past years and wrote this magnificent text with great revolutionary passion.
The central idea of Ci is to express China people's strong confidence in the revolutionary cause and optimism for a bright future by visiting Yuelu Mountain and Shuiluzhou (Orange Island) and recalling their schooldays.
Fourth, appreciate this metrical poem with broad artistic conception.
It is required to appreciate the author's heroic revolutionary spirit and lofty ambition from the image of poetry.
1. Recite
Demonstrate reciting. Pronunciation (playing recording)
Pay attention to correct pronunciation.
2. Students recite.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) understands the work.
Clarify the thinking and significance of the study group. Clear:
Going to the city-describing what you see in front of you-the autumn color map of Xiangjiang River and what you think in your heart-who will dominate;
Xiaque-recalling the past, showing the spirit and ideals of youth, and secretly answering the questions of Shangque.
Second, organize questions and answers.
Key words: vastness, majesty, founder, dirt, restraint.
1. The mountains are stacked: the trees are stacked with the mountains, hence the name. All: all, all. This sentence is inherited, that is, the red color of Yuelu LAM Raymond, if the pigment is dyed.
2. man: man. Bitou: It is said that the river is particularly green.
3. Xiang: This means that birds can fly without flapping their wings, and that fish are leisurely. For the above two sentences, please refer to poetry? Daya？ Dry foothills): "The kite flies in the sky and the fish jumps in Yu Yuan." The love poem of Wei in the Three Kingdoms: "Fish swim in the water and birds fly in the sky."
4. All kinds of frost compete with the sky for freedom: it means that everything in the world fully displays its unrestrained life style in this autumn color, as if in a competition to see who is more free. Frost days: late autumn. Late autumn and early frost, hence the name.
5. Melancholy: Melancholy, feeling. Vastness: an empty appearance.
6. Lord: master. Ups and downs: refers to the ups and downs of everything in the world. Facing the vast world, I can't help asking and thinking: Who holds the destiny of the country and society?
7. Take 100 couples to travel: I said I have led many friends here. Bring: bring hand in hand. Companion: companion.
8. The years are heavy: Bao Zhao's "Dance of the Crane" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "I am old and sad." Song Luyou's poem "Rain and Snow in the Late Night of December 29th": "The years are amazing." If they all lamented the fleeting time, Comrade Mao Zedong turned to refer to the extraordinary years of struggle. Magnificent, the original description of the mountain is high and steep, and the extension has special meaning. Thick: more.
9. Exactly: definitely. This is also the leading word, leading the last four sentences. Classmates and Teenagers: The third of the eight poems in Du Fu's Autumn Xing: "Classmates and teenagers are not cheap."
10. Fenghua: elegant demeanor. Mao: Beauty and prosperity.
1 1. Emotion: emotion and spirit.
12. dismissal: unrestrained. Fang: Positive. Road: strong.
13. Pointing is comment.
14. It is said that the articles written by him and his comrades are full of passionate and generous revolutionary spirit.
15. dung: the noun is used, depending on ... like dung. Wan Huhou: In the Han Dynasty, the most important people in China lived in cities, that is, more than 10,000 families lived in fiefs, and they paid taxes for enjoyment. Here refers to the big warlords and bureaucrats.
16. Remember? The singing of these three words leads to the next two sentences, that is, the specific content of "remember no"
17. Hit the water in midstream. Midstream: This refers to the center of Xiangjiang River. The middle of the river is usually deep and steep. Draw water: Comrade Mao Zedong commented in the book Nineteen Poems by Chairman Mao1958 65438+February 2 1 in the September edition of the same year by Cultural Relics Publishing House: "Draw water: swim. At that time, beginners, midsummer water, died a few. A group of people finally persisted in the dead of winter, still in the river. At that time, I forgot a poem, only remembering two sentences: I have confidence, my life is two hundred years, and I am a water hammer of three thousand miles. " Zhuangzi? Wandering around: "Peng moved to Nanming, and also hit three thousand miles with water."
18. The waves stopped the flying boat? It is an exaggeration to say that the waves caused by swimming stopped the fast-moving ships in the river. In this paper, a rhyme is used to score points, and the rhyme feet are autumn, head, flow, seclusion, floating, swimming, thickness, length, Hou and boat respectively. According to the law, the first sentence does not rhyme, and the word "autumn" is added with leaves.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1. Read and try to recite the text.
2. Find out the rhyme of this word.
Second lesson
First, text appreciation
Read the text together and point out the rhyme of this word.
Qinyuanchun: According to legend, Princess Qinshuiyuan, the daughter of Emperor Hanming in the East, was abducted by Dou Xian, a consort. Someone wrote a poem for this, hence the name.
The rhyme of Qinyuanchun Changsha is: the first vowel, the first vowel, the first vowel, the first vowel, the second vowel, the second vowel, the second vowel and the second vowel.
Appreciation of the meaning of two sentences
1. Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang River North, Orange Island.
Point out the time, place and specific environment. In late autumn, I stood alone in Orange Island, watching the river flow northward day and night. Autumn cold means that there is a chill in late autumn, which can also be understood as a sinister situation.
2. Look at the mountains and plains, and the layers of forests are all dyed; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle strikes the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost are free.
The word "Look" consists of seven sentences, describing the colorful Qiu Jingtu seen by the independent Orange Island. The general idea is: looking at the mountains from afar, the forests are picturesque; Close look at the whole river, the autumn water is green and clear, and countless ships are rushing to drive. Looking up, the eagle is flying high in the sky; Looking down, the fish are swimming briskly in the river. Everything in the universe stretches freely and grows vigorously in autumn. The poet chose several typical scenes from mountains, rivers, the sky and the bottom of the water to describe them, which are far and near, dynamic and static, and in stark contrast. These seven sentences set off the background and prepared the atmosphere for the following lyrics.
3. The ancients sad autumn:
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. (Worrying about the country and hurting yourself)
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. (quietism)
Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color. (Young and ambitious)
It has been said since ancient times that autumn is lonely. I say autumn is better than spring. A crane in the clear sky clouds, bringing poetry to the sky. (old and strong)
4. Loneliness, ask the boundless earth, who is the master of ups and downs?
The general idea is: in the face of this vibrant world, why not cause all kinds of thinking! Vast expanse, who is the real master of your destiny? By asking who should dominate the ups and downs of nature, the poet's broad mind can be seen.
Summary of the first part: The first part depicts a colorful and vibrant picture of Xiangjiang River in cold and autumn, expressing immediate feelings and raising the question of who should dominate the vast land.
I took 100 couples to travel and recall the past years.
On this orange island, I once had a party and sightseeing with many revolutionary comrades and spent many extraordinary and meaningful years. Here, the poet revisited his hometown alone from the last movie, which naturally evoked his memories of past lives.
6. Just a classmate and teenager, in full bloom; Scholar spirit, Fang Qiu. Pointing out the maze, inspiring words, the dirt in Wan Huhou that year.
The word "QIA" has seven sentences, which vividly summarizes the fighting style and heroism of early revolutionaries.
At that time, the students were in their youth, full of vigor and vitality, brilliant, passionate, daring to say and do, and very revolutionary spirit. Facing the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, pointing out the maze and talking with Kan Kan. They often comment on state affairs together, write articles to seek evil and promote good, and regard the warlord rulers who dominate one side as dirt.
7. Do you remember that you hit the water in the middle stream and the waves stopped the flying boat?
Mid-stream, in the middle of the river. "Water", three sentences to the effect: "Remember? When we went swimming in the middle of the river together, although the wind and waves were very heavy and it was difficult to sail, we people took pleasure in fighting with the raging rapids. " The end of the question here is actually a clever answer to "Who is in charge of ups and downs".
Summary: The following film recalls the eventful years in the past and shows the heroic revolutionary spirit and lofty aspirations of poets and comrades-in-arms in order to transform old China. The image implicitly gives the answer of "who controls the rise and fall": revolutionary youth who take the world as their responsibility, despise reactionary rulers and transform the old world.
Second, comparative reading.
1. Write Ma Zhiyuan 【 Tianjingsha 】 and 【 Qiu Si 】 in Yuan Dynasty from memory.
Old vines and faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world!
2. Research questions:
What are the similarities and differences between Qinyuanchun Changsha and Tianjingsha Qiu Si written by Ma Zhiyuan? (Compare the writing methods of images, thoughts and feelings from several aspects)
Qinyuanchun Changsha Shuangdiao Tianjingsha Qiu Si
Image: big things, large quantity, gorgeous colors, lofty realm, small things, small quantity, dim and bleak colors.
Order: from far to near, from static to dynamic, from top to bottom from near to far, mainly static.
Feeling: cheerful, enterprising, loving nature, cold and desolate, wandering around the world, lonely and helpless,
Praise life, full of revolutionary pride, endless yearning for relatives in hometown.
Writing: lyrical description of scenery, metaphor, metaphor and antithesis are full of scenery and even nouns.
② Wang Guowei: All scenery words are sentimental words. Autumn scenery described by the ancients is sad, cold and desolate, while autumn scenery described by Mao Zedong is colorful and full of vitality.
It is obvious that Mao Zedong is a generation of all-powerful great men and ambitious politicians. He has a broad mind, noble demeanor, and an optimistic personality that is different from those sentimental and delicate literati, so his poems are full of lofty sentiments and ambitions, and autumn scenery in his works is gorgeous and full of vitality.
Third, homework
Prepare to recite the whole word.
Preview Dai Wangshu's Rain Lane
Thirdly, after class, read Answer to Li Shuyi and compare the style differences between the two poems.